处理酸性含砷废水的试验研究
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摘要
随着冶金、化工等产业的日益发展,以及含砷制品市场的日益扩大,人们对砷污染严重性认识的加深,使得砷污染引发的各种问题受到世人的普遍关注。特别是矿山的酸性含砷废水如果不经处理而直接排放将对水体和土壤造成严重污染,并最终通过食物链或地面水、地下水进入人体而危害人类健康。因此,对酸性含砷废水的有效治理刻不容缓,研究、开发高效经济的含砷废水处理技术,具有重大的社会、经济和环境意义。
本论文对氧化-混凝-吸附法进行了探索。研究结果表明:该新方法解决了传统化学法的砷去除率不高的问题,废水经处理后各项指标均达到新的国标《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中规定I、II、III类水体中砷含量不得超过0.05mg/L的要求。
在氧化-混凝-吸附实验中,先做单一混凝实验,确定最佳混凝工艺条件,然后固定混凝条件做氧化实验,确定最佳氧化工艺,最后对经氧化-混凝处理后的实验用水采用活性炭吸附实验。实验得出最佳工艺条件:pH=8,FeCl3·6H2O=65.0mg/L;次氯酸钠=5.0mg有效氯/L;MA-Φ1.5型号的活性炭=2.0g/L,吸附30min,最后砷去除率可达99.18%。废水经氧化-混凝-吸附全流程处理后出水砷能达到排放标准的要求,在对实际矿山废水的处理也能达标排放。
氧化-混凝-吸附法主要是根据含砷废水的污染特性及污染物质的存在形式,利用化学药剂的氧化作用、吸附作用以及吸附剂的物理吸附作用、化学吸附作用等机制达到除砷的目的。
With the development of metallurgy and chemical industry and Arsenic products market increasing day by day, People know the seriousness of arsenic pollution. The world's play attention to the various problems which caused by the arsenic pollution. Especially the acidic mining waste of arsenic direct emissions if not handle, water and soil will cause serious pollution. And finally, food or water by groundwater enter human body and harm to human health. Therefore, It has the significant social, economic and environmental significance that the effective acidic arsenic wastewater treatment, research and development of efficient foreign economic arsenic wastewater treatment technology.
This paper explored one kind of processing technology, the oxidation–coalgulation– adsorption method. Research results show: This new technology solved the problem which the traditional chemical method of arsenic removal rate was not high and all indexes reached new GB "water environment quality standards" (GB3838-2002) requirement the water of I, II, III regulations such as water shall not exceed 0.05 mg /L after wastewater treatment.
In the oxidation of adsorption experiments, did single coagulation experiment to determine the optimal coagulation process and conditions firstly, then did oxidation experiments to determine the optimal oxidation, oxidation process which fixed coagulation conditions, Finally, adopted adsorption experiments to the oxidation of coagulation treatment-experimental water. The best technological conditions: pH=8, FeCl3·6H2O=65.0mg/L; NaClO=5.0mg chlorine-antiseptic/L; MA-Φ1.5 models of activated carbon =2.0g/L, adsorption 30min, Arsenic removal rate can reach 99.18%. The pollution index reaches wastewater discharge standards after wastewater treatment by oxidation-whole process coagulation-after water absorption, actual mining wastewater treatment aslo can discharge standards.
Oxidation-coagulation-adsorption process was mainly based on the characteristics of wastewater containing arsenic pollution of pollutants and forms, using of chemical oxidation, adsorption and flocculation mechanism and absorbent adsorption effect of physical and chemical adsorption mechanism to remove the arsenic.
本论文对氧化-混凝-吸附法进行了探索。研究结果表明:该新方法解决了传统化学法的砷去除率不高的问题,废水经处理后各项指标均达到新的国标《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)中规定I、II、III类水体中砷含量不得超过0.05mg/L的要求。
在氧化-混凝-吸附实验中,先做单一混凝实验,确定最佳混凝工艺条件,然后固定混凝条件做氧化实验,确定最佳氧化工艺,最后对经氧化-混凝处理后的实验用水采用活性炭吸附实验。实验得出最佳工艺条件:pH=8,FeCl3·6H2O=65.0mg/L;次氯酸钠=5.0mg有效氯/L;MA-Φ1.5型号的活性炭=2.0g/L,吸附30min,最后砷去除率可达99.18%。废水经氧化-混凝-吸附全流程处理后出水砷能达到排放标准的要求,在对实际矿山废水的处理也能达标排放。
氧化-混凝-吸附法主要是根据含砷废水的污染特性及污染物质的存在形式,利用化学药剂的氧化作用、吸附作用以及吸附剂的物理吸附作用、化学吸附作用等机制达到除砷的目的。
With the development of metallurgy and chemical industry and Arsenic products market increasing day by day, People know the seriousness of arsenic pollution. The world's play attention to the various problems which caused by the arsenic pollution. Especially the acidic mining waste of arsenic direct emissions if not handle, water and soil will cause serious pollution. And finally, food or water by groundwater enter human body and harm to human health. Therefore, It has the significant social, economic and environmental significance that the effective acidic arsenic wastewater treatment, research and development of efficient foreign economic arsenic wastewater treatment technology.
This paper explored one kind of processing technology, the oxidation–coalgulation– adsorption method. Research results show: This new technology solved the problem which the traditional chemical method of arsenic removal rate was not high and all indexes reached new GB "water environment quality standards" (GB3838-2002) requirement the water of I, II, III regulations such as water shall not exceed 0.05 mg /L after wastewater treatment.
In the oxidation of adsorption experiments, did single coagulation experiment to determine the optimal coagulation process and conditions firstly, then did oxidation experiments to determine the optimal oxidation, oxidation process which fixed coagulation conditions, Finally, adopted adsorption experiments to the oxidation of coagulation treatment-experimental water. The best technological conditions: pH=8, FeCl3·6H2O=65.0mg/L; NaClO=5.0mg chlorine-antiseptic/L; MA-Φ1.5 models of activated carbon =2.0g/L, adsorption 30min, Arsenic removal rate can reach 99.18%. The pollution index reaches wastewater discharge standards after wastewater treatment by oxidation-whole process coagulation-after water absorption, actual mining wastewater treatment aslo can discharge standards.
Oxidation-coagulation-adsorption process was mainly based on the characteristics of wastewater containing arsenic pollution of pollutants and forms, using of chemical oxidation, adsorption and flocculation mechanism and absorbent adsorption effect of physical and chemical adsorption mechanism to remove the arsenic.
引文
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