并联三相三线制有源电力滤波器的仿真与设计
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摘要
随着电力电子技术的飞速发展,越来越多的电力电子装置被应用到各个领域,给电网注入了不可忽视的无功以及谐波电流。
本文首先介绍了谐波的概念和谐波的危害,阐述了谐波问题研究的必要性和紧迫性,并对谐波抑制的方法作了简单的介绍。并在此基础上,通过对有源滤波器和无源滤波器各自的优缺点以及有源滤波器装置的结构、原理的分析,提出了基于DSP控制器的三相三线制并联型有源电力滤波器装置的设计方案。
并联有源电力滤波器主电路设计是核心环节之一。本文在三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器数学模型的基础上,通过对采用空间矢量调制的有源电力滤波器的工作过程的研究和分析,揭示了主电路各参数之间的相互关系。根据瞬态电流跟踪指标的要求推导出并联APF输出电感的估算公式。基于对电流跟踪误差矢量的度量,推导出直流侧电容电压临界值表达式。详细介绍了输出滤波器参数的设计方法。
实时、高精度的谐波检测是有源电力滤波器的重要部分。本文详细地介绍了瞬时无功功率理论,选择检测负载电流的方式以提取谐波。提出了用滑窗迭代作为低通滤波的数字算法,以快速分离负载电流中的基波分量得到谐波指令。以全数字控制为重点,对电流环的数字控制方式,包括数字PI调节器的设计做出了比较详细的分析。
本文用MATLAB/SIMULINK中的电力系统模块对有源电力滤波器进行了动态仿真研究。仿真结果表明这种拓扑结构的有源电力滤波器对电力系统中的谐波抑制具有较好的效果。
在理论分析和仿真研究的基础上,设计了基于TMS320LF2407A控制的并联型电力有源滤波器,对其控制系统硬件构成进行了详细的介绍。研制了实验样机,对并联型电力有源滤波器进行了初步的实验研究。
With the rapid development of the power electronics,more and more power electronic equipments have been used in most fields,which have deteriorated power quality by injecting the non-negligible harmonics and reactive current to the network.
The paper introduces the concept of harmonics and the harm of harmonics,and demonstrates the necessity of harnessing harmonics,and briefly introduces several methods of harnessing harmonics.With this understanding,The paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of passive power filter and active power filter,and analyzes the principle and structure of active power filter equipment.A novel design of shunt active power filter equipment in three-phase three-wire system based on DSP is proposed.
Main circuit design is a key part of the systematic design.Based on the model of three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter,the operation of it adopting space vector control is studied and analyzed to reveal the relation of main parameters of APF.According to requirement of instant current tracking,the estimating formula of output inductance is proposed and the critical value of dc bus voltage is derived.The method applied to design parameters of output filter is introduced in detail.
Real-time and accurate harmonic detection is the key for practical active filter implementation.Specified introductions of the instantaneous reactive power theory are given, and a sliding window recursive method as the low pass filter is proposed which is supposed to depart the fundamental current from the load current and get the harmonic reference. Focusing on the full digital control,the paper detailed analysis the design method of digital processing method of the current loop,including digital PI controller.
This paper simulates the APF with SimPowerSystems in SIMULINK of MATLAB.The results demonstrate the availability of this method.
On the base of theoretical analysis and simulated research,the shunt active power filter based on TMS320LF2407A has been designed,meanwhile the hardware of the control system has been introduced in detail.Initial research on the shunt active power filter has been done.
本文首先介绍了谐波的概念和谐波的危害,阐述了谐波问题研究的必要性和紧迫性,并对谐波抑制的方法作了简单的介绍。并在此基础上,通过对有源滤波器和无源滤波器各自的优缺点以及有源滤波器装置的结构、原理的分析,提出了基于DSP控制器的三相三线制并联型有源电力滤波器装置的设计方案。
并联有源电力滤波器主电路设计是核心环节之一。本文在三相三线并联型有源电力滤波器数学模型的基础上,通过对采用空间矢量调制的有源电力滤波器的工作过程的研究和分析,揭示了主电路各参数之间的相互关系。根据瞬态电流跟踪指标的要求推导出并联APF输出电感的估算公式。基于对电流跟踪误差矢量的度量,推导出直流侧电容电压临界值表达式。详细介绍了输出滤波器参数的设计方法。
实时、高精度的谐波检测是有源电力滤波器的重要部分。本文详细地介绍了瞬时无功功率理论,选择检测负载电流的方式以提取谐波。提出了用滑窗迭代作为低通滤波的数字算法,以快速分离负载电流中的基波分量得到谐波指令。以全数字控制为重点,对电流环的数字控制方式,包括数字PI调节器的设计做出了比较详细的分析。
本文用MATLAB/SIMULINK中的电力系统模块对有源电力滤波器进行了动态仿真研究。仿真结果表明这种拓扑结构的有源电力滤波器对电力系统中的谐波抑制具有较好的效果。
在理论分析和仿真研究的基础上,设计了基于TMS320LF2407A控制的并联型电力有源滤波器,对其控制系统硬件构成进行了详细的介绍。研制了实验样机,对并联型电力有源滤波器进行了初步的实验研究。
With the rapid development of the power electronics,more and more power electronic equipments have been used in most fields,which have deteriorated power quality by injecting the non-negligible harmonics and reactive current to the network.
The paper introduces the concept of harmonics and the harm of harmonics,and demonstrates the necessity of harnessing harmonics,and briefly introduces several methods of harnessing harmonics.With this understanding,The paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of passive power filter and active power filter,and analyzes the principle and structure of active power filter equipment.A novel design of shunt active power filter equipment in three-phase three-wire system based on DSP is proposed.
Main circuit design is a key part of the systematic design.Based on the model of three-phase three-wire shunt active power filter,the operation of it adopting space vector control is studied and analyzed to reveal the relation of main parameters of APF.According to requirement of instant current tracking,the estimating formula of output inductance is proposed and the critical value of dc bus voltage is derived.The method applied to design parameters of output filter is introduced in detail.
Real-time and accurate harmonic detection is the key for practical active filter implementation.Specified introductions of the instantaneous reactive power theory are given, and a sliding window recursive method as the low pass filter is proposed which is supposed to depart the fundamental current from the load current and get the harmonic reference. Focusing on the full digital control,the paper detailed analysis the design method of digital processing method of the current loop,including digital PI controller.
This paper simulates the APF with SimPowerSystems in SIMULINK of MATLAB.The results demonstrate the availability of this method.
On the base of theoretical analysis and simulated research,the shunt active power filter based on TMS320LF2407A has been designed,meanwhile the hardware of the control system has been introduced in detail.Initial research on the shunt active power filter has been done.
引文
[1]曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬,等.电力电子滤波技术及其应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,等.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[3]Saskai H,Machida T,et al.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design[J].IEEE Trnas.Power APP&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019.
[4]Gyugyi L,styrcula E C.Active ac power filters[C].Proc.of IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting,1976:529-535.
[5]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reaetive power in three-phase in three-phase circuit[C].Tokyo:Proc.of IEEE & JIEE IOEC,1983:1375-1386.
[6]Akagi H,Nabae A,S Atoh.Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl,1986,IA-22:460-465.
[7]F.Z.Peng,Saskai H,Nabae A.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-A combined system of shunt passive and series active filers[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.App.vol.26,1990,983-909.
[8]H.Fujita,H.Akagi.A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-Series connection of passive and active filers[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.App,vol.27,1991:1020-1025.
[9]王小红.基于瞬时无功理论的并联混合有源电力滤波器的研究[D].天津:天津大学电气与自动化工程学院,2005.
[10]Akagi H,Nabae A,Kanazawa Y.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.App,1984,20(3):625-630.
[11]杨君,王兆安,丘关源.不对称三相电路谐波及基波电流实时检测方法的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1996,30(3):94-100.
[12]叶忠明,董伯藩,钱照明.谐波电流的提取方法比较[J].电力系统自动化,1997,12:21-24.
[13]Yang Jun,Wang Zhao an.A comparison of two harmonic current detecting methods used in active power filters[C].IPEMC,1994:1077-1080.
[14]Luo Shi guo,Hou Zhen che,L.Zhixiang.An adaptive detecting method for harmonic and reactive currents[C].Beijing:IEEE/TENCON,1993:334-338.
[15]尉冰娟,王明渝,张淑国.无锁相环i_p-i_q法在有源滤波器中的实现[J].电力系统及其自动化,2006,18(2):50-53.
[16]王群,姚为正,王兆安.高通和低通滤波器对谐波检测电路检测效果的影响研究[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(5):23-26.
[17]田大强,蒋平,唐国庆.有源滤波器中数字低通滤波器设计及其实现[J].电工电能新技术,2003,22(3):77-80.
[18]成剑,罗安,付青.简化DFT滑窗迭代算法在有源电力滤波器谐波检测中的应用[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25,(5):57-60.
[19]高玉奎.有源电力滤波器补偿电流计算[J].电工技术杂志,1998,(3):6-8.
[20]唐中琦,谢运祥.电力有源滤波器三相补偿电流的两相控制[J].电工技术杂志,1998,(3):8-10.
[21]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,(2):43-48.
[22]陈坚.电力电子学-电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京:高等出版社,2002.
[23]王建绩,冉启文,纪延超,等.基于小波变换的时变谐波检测[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22,(8):52-55.
[24]Jou H L,Wu J C,Wu K D.Paralle Operation of Passive Power Filter and Hybrid Power Filter for Harmonics Suppression[J].IEEE Proceedings-generation,Transmission and Distribution,2001,148(1):8-14.
[25]Wang S Y,Hong C M,Liu C C.Design of a static reactive power compensator using fuzzy sliding mode control[J].International Journal of Control,1996,63(2):393-413.
[26]S.A.Solrman.Fuzzy linear regression for measurement of harmonic components in a power system[J].Electric Power System Research 50,1999:99-105.
[27]方昕.并联型有源电力滤波器的电流数字控制技术[D].武汉:华中科技大学电力电子与电力传动硕士学位论文,2006.
[28]耿攀,戴珂,魏学良,等.三相并联型有源电力滤波器电流重复控制[J].电工技术学报,2007,22,(2):127-131.
[29]张凯.基于重复控制原理的CVCF-PWM逆变器波形控制技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2000.
[30]廖明,吴宁,苏向丰.基于神经网络的有源滤波器预测控制方法[J].重庆大学学报,1999,vol(9):65-71.
[31]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[32]戴珂.双三相电压源PWM变换器串并联补偿型UPS控制技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学博士学位论文,2003.
[33]M.Rastogi,R.Naik,N.Mohan.A comparative evaluation of harmonic reduction techniques in three-phase utility interface of power electronic loads[C].Conf.Rec.IEEE-IAS Annu.Meeting,1993:971-978.
[34]Luigi Malesani,Paolo Mattavelli,Paolo Tomasin.High-Performance Hysteresis Modulation Technique for Active Filters[J].IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics,1997,12(5):876-884.
[35]L.Malesani,P.Tenti.A novel hysteresis control method for current controlled VSI PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency[J].IEEE Transaction on Industrial Application,1990,26(1):88-92.
[36]Q.Yao,D.G.Holmes.A simple,novel method for variable-hysteresis-band current control of a three phase inverter with constant switching frequency[C].Toronto:IEEE IAS Annu.Meet,1993.
[37]李锋,罗安,汤赐,等.电流跟踪型PWM逆变器的SVPWM控制策略研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42,(4):77-79.
[38]田治礼,张家胜.SVPWM在并联有源电力滤波中的应用研究及仿真[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2007,21,(2):61-64.
[39]陈怀琛,吴大正,高西全.MATLAB及在电子信息课程中的应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[40]范影乐,杨胜天,李轶.1VIATLAB仿真应用详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001.
[41]王晶,翁国庆,张有兵,等.电力系统的MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真与应用[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2008.
[42]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[43]洪乃刚.电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[44]刘和平,王维俊,江渝,等.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[45]黄中英,邢海瀛,邹江峰.MAX125型模/数转换器在电能质量监控系统中的应用与设计[J].国外电子元器件,2006,(6):17-19.
[46]富士电机电子设备技术株式会社.富士IGBT-IPM应用手册[J].2004.
[2]王兆安,杨君,刘进军,等.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[3]Saskai H,Machida T,et al.A new method to eliminate ac harmonic currents by magnetic compensation consideration on basic design[J].IEEE Trnas.Power APP&Syst,1971,90(5):2009-2019.
[4]Gyugyi L,styrcula E C.Active ac power filters[C].Proc.of IEEE/IAS Annual Meeting,1976:529-535.
[5]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Generalized theory of the instantaneous reaetive power in three-phase in three-phase circuit[C].Tokyo:Proc.of IEEE & JIEE IOEC,1983:1375-1386.
[6]Akagi H,Nabae A,S Atoh.Control strategy of active power filters using multiple voltage-source PWM converters[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.Appl,1986,IA-22:460-465.
[7]F.Z.Peng,Saskai H,Nabae A.A new approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-A combined system of shunt passive and series active filers[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.App.vol.26,1990,983-909.
[8]H.Fujita,H.Akagi.A practical approach to harmonic compensation in power systems-Series connection of passive and active filers[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.App,vol.27,1991:1020-1025.
[9]王小红.基于瞬时无功理论的并联混合有源电力滤波器的研究[D].天津:天津大学电气与自动化工程学院,2005.
[10]Akagi H,Nabae A,Kanazawa Y.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEE Trans.Ind.App,1984,20(3):625-630.
[11]杨君,王兆安,丘关源.不对称三相电路谐波及基波电流实时检测方法的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1996,30(3):94-100.
[12]叶忠明,董伯藩,钱照明.谐波电流的提取方法比较[J].电力系统自动化,1997,12:21-24.
[13]Yang Jun,Wang Zhao an.A comparison of two harmonic current detecting methods used in active power filters[C].IPEMC,1994:1077-1080.
[14]Luo Shi guo,Hou Zhen che,L.Zhixiang.An adaptive detecting method for harmonic and reactive currents[C].Beijing:IEEE/TENCON,1993:334-338.
[15]尉冰娟,王明渝,张淑国.无锁相环i_p-i_q法在有源滤波器中的实现[J].电力系统及其自动化,2006,18(2):50-53.
[16]王群,姚为正,王兆安.高通和低通滤波器对谐波检测电路检测效果的影响研究[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(5):23-26.
[17]田大强,蒋平,唐国庆.有源滤波器中数字低通滤波器设计及其实现[J].电工电能新技术,2003,22(3):77-80.
[18]成剑,罗安,付青.简化DFT滑窗迭代算法在有源电力滤波器谐波检测中的应用[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25,(5):57-60.
[19]高玉奎.有源电力滤波器补偿电流计算[J].电工技术杂志,1998,(3):6-8.
[20]唐中琦,谢运祥.电力有源滤波器三相补偿电流的两相控制[J].电工技术杂志,1998,(3):8-10.
[21]杨君,王兆安.三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J].电工技术学报,1995,(2):43-48.
[22]陈坚.电力电子学-电力电子变换和控制技术[M].北京:高等出版社,2002.
[23]王建绩,冉启文,纪延超,等.基于小波变换的时变谐波检测[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22,(8):52-55.
[24]Jou H L,Wu J C,Wu K D.Paralle Operation of Passive Power Filter and Hybrid Power Filter for Harmonics Suppression[J].IEEE Proceedings-generation,Transmission and Distribution,2001,148(1):8-14.
[25]Wang S Y,Hong C M,Liu C C.Design of a static reactive power compensator using fuzzy sliding mode control[J].International Journal of Control,1996,63(2):393-413.
[26]S.A.Solrman.Fuzzy linear regression for measurement of harmonic components in a power system[J].Electric Power System Research 50,1999:99-105.
[27]方昕.并联型有源电力滤波器的电流数字控制技术[D].武汉:华中科技大学电力电子与电力传动硕士学位论文,2006.
[28]耿攀,戴珂,魏学良,等.三相并联型有源电力滤波器电流重复控制[J].电工技术学报,2007,22,(2):127-131.
[29]张凯.基于重复控制原理的CVCF-PWM逆变器波形控制技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2000.
[30]廖明,吴宁,苏向丰.基于神经网络的有源滤波器预测控制方法[J].重庆大学学报,1999,vol(9):65-71.
[31]胡寿松.自动控制原理(第四版)[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[32]戴珂.双三相电压源PWM变换器串并联补偿型UPS控制技术研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学博士学位论文,2003.
[33]M.Rastogi,R.Naik,N.Mohan.A comparative evaluation of harmonic reduction techniques in three-phase utility interface of power electronic loads[C].Conf.Rec.IEEE-IAS Annu.Meeting,1993:971-978.
[34]Luigi Malesani,Paolo Mattavelli,Paolo Tomasin.High-Performance Hysteresis Modulation Technique for Active Filters[J].IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics,1997,12(5):876-884.
[35]L.Malesani,P.Tenti.A novel hysteresis control method for current controlled VSI PWM inverters with constant modulation frequency[J].IEEE Transaction on Industrial Application,1990,26(1):88-92.
[36]Q.Yao,D.G.Holmes.A simple,novel method for variable-hysteresis-band current control of a three phase inverter with constant switching frequency[C].Toronto:IEEE IAS Annu.Meet,1993.
[37]李锋,罗安,汤赐,等.电流跟踪型PWM逆变器的SVPWM控制策略研究[J].电力电子技术,2008,42,(4):77-79.
[38]田治礼,张家胜.SVPWM在并联有源电力滤波中的应用研究及仿真[J].黑龙江工程学院学报,2007,21,(2):61-64.
[39]陈怀琛,吴大正,高西全.MATLAB及在电子信息课程中的应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
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