抽油杆扶正器摩擦磨损试验台的研制及摩擦磨损试验研究
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摘要
随油田开发中后期的到来和油井综合含水的升高,有杆泵井的管杆偏磨腐蚀问题日益突出。根据抽油杆偏磨的规律,在容易发生偏磨的杆段加装抽油杆扶正器,已经成为防偏磨工艺技术中的一项重要措施。然而扶正器的品种繁多,性能差异较大,孰优孰劣需要在具体使用之后才能有所结论。为加速判断扶正器性能优劣,指导生产,研制与之相应的摩擦磨损试验台就变得非常有意义。
本文就目前普遍使用的摩擦磨损试验台进行了综述,指出了其存在的问题,得出了新型试验台在性能上应做出的改进。并在此基础上,从材料磨损的角度出发,通过对扶正器磨损机理的研究,抽油杆井下所受侧向力的分析及计算,抽油杆扶正器井下作业具体环境的模拟,研制了新型抽油杆扶正器摩擦磨损试验台。并对该试验台的总体方案、工作原理进行了详细的阐述,对试验台有关性能参数的选定(如:电机功率的选定,夹紧力的计算及夹紧方案的设计,液压系统的设计等)进行了详尽的说明,对本试验台依托的MCGS组态软件所要实现的数据处理和管理功能进行了重点的介绍。最后,在本文的结尾,以具体实验为例,详细介绍了该实验中实验工况,实验步骤,并对本次实验的结果进行了分析比较。
In the middle and later exploitation of the oil field, because of the elevation of the water content, the eccentric wear of the tubing and the rod becomes more and more severe. According to the regularity of the eccentric wear, adding the centralizer in the rod is one of the important measures to restrain eccentric wear. The centralizers which consist of a wide variety perform difference, which is the better one only can been known after been used. So the friction and abrasion testing machine for the pumping rod centralizer which can compare the function of the centralizer is very important.
This author reviews the friction and abrasion testing machines which are used generally at present and points out the problems, after then the new testing machine on performance improvement is gained in this paper. On this basis, from the perspectives of material wear, the author researches the wear mechanism, calculates the side force of the pumping rod, simulates underground operation environment of the centralizer, then developments the new friction and abrasion testing machine. The general scheme, working principle of the testing machine is described. The related parameters are explained, like the motor power, hydraulic system and the clamping fixture. The configuration software of the MCGS is introduced. In the end, with the example of the practical experiment, the experimental operating conditions, experimental procedure are described in detail.
本文就目前普遍使用的摩擦磨损试验台进行了综述,指出了其存在的问题,得出了新型试验台在性能上应做出的改进。并在此基础上,从材料磨损的角度出发,通过对扶正器磨损机理的研究,抽油杆井下所受侧向力的分析及计算,抽油杆扶正器井下作业具体环境的模拟,研制了新型抽油杆扶正器摩擦磨损试验台。并对该试验台的总体方案、工作原理进行了详细的阐述,对试验台有关性能参数的选定(如:电机功率的选定,夹紧力的计算及夹紧方案的设计,液压系统的设计等)进行了详尽的说明,对本试验台依托的MCGS组态软件所要实现的数据处理和管理功能进行了重点的介绍。最后,在本文的结尾,以具体实验为例,详细介绍了该实验中实验工况,实验步骤,并对本次实验的结果进行了分析比较。
In the middle and later exploitation of the oil field, because of the elevation of the water content, the eccentric wear of the tubing and the rod becomes more and more severe. According to the regularity of the eccentric wear, adding the centralizer in the rod is one of the important measures to restrain eccentric wear. The centralizers which consist of a wide variety perform difference, which is the better one only can been known after been used. So the friction and abrasion testing machine for the pumping rod centralizer which can compare the function of the centralizer is very important.
This author reviews the friction and abrasion testing machines which are used generally at present and points out the problems, after then the new testing machine on performance improvement is gained in this paper. On this basis, from the perspectives of material wear, the author researches the wear mechanism, calculates the side force of the pumping rod, simulates underground operation environment of the centralizer, then developments the new friction and abrasion testing machine. The general scheme, working principle of the testing machine is described. The related parameters are explained, like the motor power, hydraulic system and the clamping fixture. The configuration software of the MCGS is introduced. In the end, with the example of the practical experiment, the experimental operating conditions, experimental procedure are described in detail.
引文
[1]王优强,刘炳生,宋开利,王民轩.油井管杆磨蚀试验机的研制.机床与液压[J],2006(2):126-127
[2]陈春江,黎陛炎.抽油杆防腐扶正器的研制与应用.石油机械[J],2001,29(12):41-42
[3]李秀竹,吕栓柱,杨丽娜.抽油杆扶正器结构的改进及应用.石油机械[J],2004,32(4):39-40
[4]邹群.内摩擦副式抽油杆扶正器的研制与应用.石油矿场机械[J],2005,34(5):77-79
[5]孟海军.齿形扶正器的研制.新产品开发[J],2006,33(6):56-59
[6]王优强,刘炳生,刘立涛,刘建秀.有杆泵井管杆偏磨规律实验研究.润滑与密封[J],2007,32(2):44-45
[7]刘立涛,王优强.抽油杆和油管偏磨腐蚀的研究进展.河南石油[J],2006(2):70-71
[8]肖世宏,张始伟,刘发涛.抽油井管杆磨损原因分析及改进方法.石油矿场机械[J],2004,33(4):92-94
[9]丁曙东,刘冬琴.自旋式刮蜡抽油杆扶正器的研制与应用.特种油气藏[J],2004(2):78
[10]刘威,李景波.抽油井管杆磨损与预防.内蒙古石油化工[J],2006(10):129
[11]梁风,张锋,宋宝玉.球盘式摩擦磨损实验机的研制.研究探索[J],2005(8):36
[12]刘炳生,王优强,宋开利.抽油井管杆摩擦副耐磨性能试验研究.润滑与密封[J],2005(9):51
[13]姚文席,孙志永,王科社.抽油泵摩擦磨损试验机的主机设计.石油机械[J],2005,33(10):5-7
[14]戴雄杰.摩擦学基础[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984,232-233
[15]王优强,刘炳生,王民轩.油井管杆磨蚀试验研究.青岛理工大学学报[J],2005,26(5):1
[16]余俊.摩擦学[M].湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,1980
[17](苏)克拉盖尔斯.摩擦磨损计算原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[18]王斌斌.钻杆防膜保护套井下力学分析[D].北京:北京化工大学硕士论文,2006.
[19](苏)格利布.数值法解摩擦学技术问题[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[20]R.G.Bayer等:Designing for Zero Wear,,Vol.41,1969,No.1
[21]戴雄杰.摩擦磨损的能量理论[M].华南工学院,1982.
[22]黄文治.国外摩擦学的教育与培训概况(内部资料)[M].武汉工学院,1979
[23]Suryanarayana P V R and McCann RC.Experimental study of buckling and post-buckling of laterally constrainer rods.Presented at the Energy Resources Techhnology Conference and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana January 23-27,1994:1-11
[24]Suryanarayana P V R and McCann RC.Experimental study of buckling and post-buckling of laterally constrainer rods.Transaction of the ASME Journal Energy Resources Technology 1995,117:115-124
[25]Williams T H and Juvkam-Wold H C.An Experimental Study of Post Buckling:Frictional Effects of Drill Pipe in Horizontal Well.Paper No.93-506 presented at CADE/CAODC Spring Drilling Conference Calgary Alberta,Canada.19-21 April 1995
[26]Salis J B,Azar J J and Sorem J R Jr.Experimental and mathematical modeling of helical buckling of pipes in horizontal wellbores.Drilling Technology ASME 1995,PD-Vol.65:79-89
[27]Salis J B,Azar J J and Sorem J R Jr.Experimental and mathematical modeling of helical buckling of pipes in directional wellbores.Paper SPE28713 presented at the SPE International Petroleum Conference & Exhibition of Mexico held in Veracruz,Mexico,10-13October 1994:433-443
[28]Paslay P R and Bogy D B.The stability of a circular rod laterally constrained to be in contact with an inclined circular cylinder.ASME Journal Applied Mechanics,1964,31:605-610
[29]Dawson R and Paslay P R.Drilling buckling in inclined holes.JPT,1984,36(10):1737-1738
[30]高国华.杆柱在水平圆孔中的稳定性分析.力学与实践[J].1995,17(4):28-31
[31]高国华,李天太,李琪.考虑摩擦时水平井钻柱的稳定性分析.西安石油学报[J].1995,31-34
[32]刘凤梧.受圆管约束管柱的后屈曲行为研究.清华大学工学博士学位论文,1999
[33]刘风梧,徐秉业,高德利.受横向约束的细长无重管柱在压扭组合作用下的后屈曲分析.工程力学,1998,15(4):18-24
[34]Miska S and Cunha J C S.Helical buckling of long weightless strings subject to axial and torsional load.Drilling Technology ASME 1995.PD-Vol.65:75-78
[35]Tan X C and Digby P J.Bucking of drill string under the action of gravity and axial thrust.International Journal of Solids and Structures,1993,30(19):2675-2691
[36]Chen Y C,Lin Y H and Cheathan J B.Tubing and casing bucking in horizontal wells.JPT,1990,42(2):140-141,191
[37]袁秀英.组态控制技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[38]清华大学理论力学教研组.理论力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1980
[2]陈春江,黎陛炎.抽油杆防腐扶正器的研制与应用.石油机械[J],2001,29(12):41-42
[3]李秀竹,吕栓柱,杨丽娜.抽油杆扶正器结构的改进及应用.石油机械[J],2004,32(4):39-40
[4]邹群.内摩擦副式抽油杆扶正器的研制与应用.石油矿场机械[J],2005,34(5):77-79
[5]孟海军.齿形扶正器的研制.新产品开发[J],2006,33(6):56-59
[6]王优强,刘炳生,刘立涛,刘建秀.有杆泵井管杆偏磨规律实验研究.润滑与密封[J],2007,32(2):44-45
[7]刘立涛,王优强.抽油杆和油管偏磨腐蚀的研究进展.河南石油[J],2006(2):70-71
[8]肖世宏,张始伟,刘发涛.抽油井管杆磨损原因分析及改进方法.石油矿场机械[J],2004,33(4):92-94
[9]丁曙东,刘冬琴.自旋式刮蜡抽油杆扶正器的研制与应用.特种油气藏[J],2004(2):78
[10]刘威,李景波.抽油井管杆磨损与预防.内蒙古石油化工[J],2006(10):129
[11]梁风,张锋,宋宝玉.球盘式摩擦磨损实验机的研制.研究探索[J],2005(8):36
[12]刘炳生,王优强,宋开利.抽油井管杆摩擦副耐磨性能试验研究.润滑与密封[J],2005(9):51
[13]姚文席,孙志永,王科社.抽油泵摩擦磨损试验机的主机设计.石油机械[J],2005,33(10):5-7
[14]戴雄杰.摩擦学基础[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984,232-233
[15]王优强,刘炳生,王民轩.油井管杆磨蚀试验研究.青岛理工大学学报[J],2005,26(5):1
[16]余俊.摩擦学[M].湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,1980
[17](苏)克拉盖尔斯.摩擦磨损计算原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[18]王斌斌.钻杆防膜保护套井下力学分析[D].北京:北京化工大学硕士论文,2006.
[19](苏)格利布.数值法解摩擦学技术问题[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1985.
[20]R.G.Bayer等:Designing for Zero Wear,
[21]戴雄杰.摩擦磨损的能量理论[M].华南工学院,1982.
[22]黄文治.国外摩擦学的教育与培训概况(内部资料)[M].武汉工学院,1979
[23]Suryanarayana P V R and McCann RC.Experimental study of buckling and post-buckling of laterally constrainer rods.Presented at the Energy Resources Techhnology Conference and Exhibition,New Orleans,Louisiana January 23-27,1994:1-11
[24]Suryanarayana P V R and McCann RC.Experimental study of buckling and post-buckling of laterally constrainer rods.Transaction of the ASME Journal Energy Resources Technology 1995,117:115-124
[25]Williams T H and Juvkam-Wold H C.An Experimental Study of Post Buckling:Frictional Effects of Drill Pipe in Horizontal Well.Paper No.93-506 presented at CADE/CAODC Spring Drilling Conference Calgary Alberta,Canada.19-21 April 1995
[26]Salis J B,Azar J J and Sorem J R Jr.Experimental and mathematical modeling of helical buckling of pipes in horizontal wellbores.Drilling Technology ASME 1995,PD-Vol.65:79-89
[27]Salis J B,Azar J J and Sorem J R Jr.Experimental and mathematical modeling of helical buckling of pipes in directional wellbores.Paper SPE28713 presented at the SPE International Petroleum Conference & Exhibition of Mexico held in Veracruz,Mexico,10-13October 1994:433-443
[28]Paslay P R and Bogy D B.The stability of a circular rod laterally constrained to be in contact with an inclined circular cylinder.ASME Journal Applied Mechanics,1964,31:605-610
[29]Dawson R and Paslay P R.Drilling buckling in inclined holes.JPT,1984,36(10):1737-1738
[30]高国华.杆柱在水平圆孔中的稳定性分析.力学与实践[J].1995,17(4):28-31
[31]高国华,李天太,李琪.考虑摩擦时水平井钻柱的稳定性分析.西安石油学报[J].1995,31-34
[32]刘凤梧.受圆管约束管柱的后屈曲行为研究.清华大学工学博士学位论文,1999
[33]刘风梧,徐秉业,高德利.受横向约束的细长无重管柱在压扭组合作用下的后屈曲分析.工程力学,1998,15(4):18-24
[34]Miska S and Cunha J C S.Helical buckling of long weightless strings subject to axial and torsional load.Drilling Technology ASME 1995.PD-Vol.65:75-78
[35]Tan X C and Digby P J.Bucking of drill string under the action of gravity and axial thrust.International Journal of Solids and Structures,1993,30(19):2675-2691
[36]Chen Y C,Lin Y H and Cheathan J B.Tubing and casing bucking in horizontal wells.JPT,1990,42(2):140-141,191
[37]袁秀英.组态控制技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[38]清华大学理论力学教研组.理论力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1980