抽油井工况监测和数据采集系统设计与实现
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摘要
为提高石油企业的生存和竞争能力,降低生产成本,提高劳动效率,减少安全隐患,是油田当前和今后一个时期的一项主要任务。抽油井工况监测和数据采集智能系统的设计实现,正是迎合了油田的发展需要,是数字化油田的基础,为油田自动化发展和提高油田的现代化管理水平起到重大的作用。
针对油田天然气田大多位于沼泽、沙漠和盆地、浅海等区域,远离城市地广人稀,交通通信等设施较为落后的现状,通过GPRS移动通讯信道,监测抽油机载荷、电流、电压以及井口压力、井口温度等参数,经过计算机处理和分析,在中心控制室就能迅速准确掌握油田管理局辖区内各种油井的工作状况,及时发现隐患,遥控启停抽油设备。同时可以采集存储所有监测数据,通过GPRS移动网络,将所有信息传至油田数据管理中心,从而达到提高工作效率和经济效益以及改善工人的工作条件的目的。系统设计思路如下:
(1)前端数据采集终端的开发:包括抽油井的状态数据(诸如负荷、压力、温度、电流、电压等数据的采集),相应传感器的选型及安装,以及根据状态数据进行现场的报警及控制。
(2)数据的远程传输:完成无线通信的组网,将抽油井的各种状态数据实时、可靠、低成本地传送到监控中心。
(3)后台监控软件的设计:将现场送來的数据进行分析与处理,建立各种曲线等诸多数据处理功能。
(4)充分利用单片机集成度高、运行可靠、价格低廉等特点,使其作为现场RTU(远程终端控制系统)的核心,结合各种工业级的传感器,实时采集抽油井的各种运行状态数据,实现抽油井的控制、电机的缺断相保护、针对盗窃者的声光报警等功能。
The main challenge in oil fields at present and later is to diminish production cost, increase labor efficiency and reduce hidden danger. For the purpose of developing oil fields, the system of gas drive wells going monitor and data gather is designed and applied to practice. It plays a great role in developing oil-field automatization and modernizing management level.
At present, most of oil fields lie in swamp, desert, interior basin and shallow sea, which are far away from cities and not convenient for transportation and communication. With the aid of mobile communication of GPRS, the situation can be changed. The new system can obtain some parameters from machine for pumping oil, such as electric charge, electric current, electric pressure etc. After the data are calculated and analyzed by computers, the central control room in this area can master the going of all gas wells, and find and deal with the hidden danger immediately and accurately. In addition, with the data transferred to management center by GPRS, the whole working efficiency will be increased and the working condition will be improved.
The dissertation is described as follows:
1. Development of data-gather terminal. The content includes state parameter of gas drive wells (such as load, stress, temperature, electric current, electric pressure, etc.), the choice and assembly of transducer, and the alarm and control in real time.
2. Remote transfer of data. The chapter involves constructing network of wireless communication and transferring a variety of data to monitor center in real time by lower cost.
3. Designment of monitor software in background. The part refers to analyzing and dealing with data above, formulating data curves and so on.
4. Choice and designment of hardware. The chapter discusses the characteristics, the design method and the application of SCM in gas drive wells going monitor and data gather. As the core of RTU, SCM can realize the control of gas drive wells, the protection of electric machine turnoff, and the sound and light alarm to theft.
针对油田天然气田大多位于沼泽、沙漠和盆地、浅海等区域,远离城市地广人稀,交通通信等设施较为落后的现状,通过GPRS移动通讯信道,监测抽油机载荷、电流、电压以及井口压力、井口温度等参数,经过计算机处理和分析,在中心控制室就能迅速准确掌握油田管理局辖区内各种油井的工作状况,及时发现隐患,遥控启停抽油设备。同时可以采集存储所有监测数据,通过GPRS移动网络,将所有信息传至油田数据管理中心,从而达到提高工作效率和经济效益以及改善工人的工作条件的目的。系统设计思路如下:
(1)前端数据采集终端的开发:包括抽油井的状态数据(诸如负荷、压力、温度、电流、电压等数据的采集),相应传感器的选型及安装,以及根据状态数据进行现场的报警及控制。
(2)数据的远程传输:完成无线通信的组网,将抽油井的各种状态数据实时、可靠、低成本地传送到监控中心。
(3)后台监控软件的设计:将现场送來的数据进行分析与处理,建立各种曲线等诸多数据处理功能。
(4)充分利用单片机集成度高、运行可靠、价格低廉等特点,使其作为现场RTU(远程终端控制系统)的核心,结合各种工业级的传感器,实时采集抽油井的各种运行状态数据,实现抽油井的控制、电机的缺断相保护、针对盗窃者的声光报警等功能。
The main challenge in oil fields at present and later is to diminish production cost, increase labor efficiency and reduce hidden danger. For the purpose of developing oil fields, the system of gas drive wells going monitor and data gather is designed and applied to practice. It plays a great role in developing oil-field automatization and modernizing management level.
At present, most of oil fields lie in swamp, desert, interior basin and shallow sea, which are far away from cities and not convenient for transportation and communication. With the aid of mobile communication of GPRS, the situation can be changed. The new system can obtain some parameters from machine for pumping oil, such as electric charge, electric current, electric pressure etc. After the data are calculated and analyzed by computers, the central control room in this area can master the going of all gas wells, and find and deal with the hidden danger immediately and accurately. In addition, with the data transferred to management center by GPRS, the whole working efficiency will be increased and the working condition will be improved.
The dissertation is described as follows:
1. Development of data-gather terminal. The content includes state parameter of gas drive wells (such as load, stress, temperature, electric current, electric pressure, etc.), the choice and assembly of transducer, and the alarm and control in real time.
2. Remote transfer of data. The chapter involves constructing network of wireless communication and transferring a variety of data to monitor center in real time by lower cost.
3. Designment of monitor software in background. The part refers to analyzing and dealing with data above, formulating data curves and so on.
4. Choice and designment of hardware. The chapter discusses the characteristics, the design method and the application of SCM in gas drive wells going monitor and data gather. As the core of RTU, SCM can realize the control of gas drive wells, the protection of electric machine turnoff, and the sound and light alarm to theft.
引文
铩颷1]何生厚,张琪.《油气开采工程》[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2003:437-450.
[2]王才良.《世界石油工业一百四十年回顾》[M].北京:世界石油:工业,1999(6),30(3):1-4.
[3]崔振华,余国安等.《有杆抽油系统》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:260-290.
[4]张琪.抽油机悬点最大载荷计算,华东石油学院报,1981:1-4.
[5]张琪,孙大同.有杆泵抽油系统最优化设计的研究,石油大学学报,1990.
[6]孙平.《石油新技术开发与应用》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-50.
[7]曲占庆.《采油工程基础知识手册》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002::145-175.
[8]姜文达等.《油气田开发测井技术与应用》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:9-11.
[9]马建国.《有其才能够层次把话》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:1-30.
[10]张琪,万仁博.《采油工程方案设计》[M],北京:石油工业出版社,2002:65-68.
[11]郭呈柱.《采油工程方案编制方法》[D].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:115-197.
[12]何艳青.《国外油田开发技术新进展》[J].北京:世界石油工业,1999(6).8
[13]刘翔鹏,王浦潭.《采油工程技术的发展与展望》[J].石油钻井工艺,2000(22).3
[14]Begg,H.D.and Brill.J.P.A Study of Two-phase Flow in Inclined Pipes.J.P.T1973
[15]Cuderman.J.F.High Energy Gas Fracturing Development..Annual Reports,SAND82-0866.Sandia Natl.Laboratories(April 1982 and June 1983)
[16]Michael J.Economides.and Larry T.Watters.:Petroleum Well Construction,1998
[17]Clegg I.D.《关于选择人工举升方法的新建议何对比研究》 油气开发译从
[18]H.L.Petrie,P.M.Wilson,E.E.Smart;" Jet.Pumping Oil Wells",World Oil,Jan.1984
[19]Gibbs.S.G.《有杆泵抽油装置设计和分析方法评述》国际石油工程协会论文集,1982
[20]Lra.J.F and Mower.L.N..Defing the Characteristics and Performance of GasLift Plungers,Proc.,Southwestern Short Course,Lubbock.TX.April 1998
[23]张东泉.《Windows CE实用开发技术》[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:6-19.
[24]田东风.《Windows CE应用程序设计》[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:1-60.
[25]周菽林等.《Windows CE.net内核定制及应用开发》[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:65-68.
[26]叶宏才等.《Windows CE.net嵌入式工业用控制器及自动控制系统设计》[M].北京:清华大学出版社2005:115-197.
[2]王才良.《世界石油工业一百四十年回顾》[M].北京:世界石油:工业,1999(6),30(3):1-4.
[3]崔振华,余国安等.《有杆抽油系统》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994:260-290.
[4]张琪.抽油机悬点最大载荷计算,华东石油学院报,1981:1-4.
[5]张琪,孙大同.有杆泵抽油系统最优化设计的研究,石油大学学报,1990.
[6]孙平.《石油新技术开发与应用》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:1-50.
[7]曲占庆.《采油工程基础知识手册》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002::145-175.
[8]姜文达等.《油气田开发测井技术与应用》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:9-11.
[9]马建国.《有其才能够层次把话》[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:1-30.
[10]张琪,万仁博.《采油工程方案设计》[M],北京:石油工业出版社,2002:65-68.
[11]郭呈柱.《采油工程方案编制方法》[D].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:115-197.
[12]何艳青.《国外油田开发技术新进展》[J].北京:世界石油工业,1999(6).8
[13]刘翔鹏,王浦潭.《采油工程技术的发展与展望》[J].石油钻井工艺,2000(22).3
[14]Begg,H.D.and Brill.J.P.A Study of Two-phase Flow in Inclined Pipes.J.P.T1973
[15]Cuderman.J.F.High Energy Gas Fracturing Development..Annual Reports,SAND82-0866.Sandia Natl.Laboratories(April 1982 and June 1983)
[16]Michael J.Economides.and Larry T.Watters.:Petroleum Well Construction,1998
[17]Clegg I.D.《关于选择人工举升方法的新建议何对比研究》 油气开发译从
[18]H.L.Petrie,P.M.Wilson,E.E.Smart;" Jet.Pumping Oil Wells",World Oil,Jan.1984
[19]Gibbs.S.G.《有杆泵抽油装置设计和分析方法评述》国际石油工程协会论文集,1982
[20]Lra.J.F and Mower.L.N..Defing the Characteristics and Performance of GasLift Plungers,Proc.,Southwestern Short Course,Lubbock.TX.April 1998
[23]张东泉.《Windows CE实用开发技术》[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:6-19.
[24]田东风.《Windows CE应用程序设计》[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:1-60.
[25]周菽林等.《Windows CE.net内核定制及应用开发》[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006:65-68.
[26]叶宏才等.《Windows CE.net嵌入式工业用控制器及自动控制系统设计》[M].北京:清华大学出版社2005:115-197.