滇西北兰坪盆地白秧坪多金属矿床成矿流体研究
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摘要
白秧坪多金属矿床位于滇西兰坪中—新生代沉积盆地中北部,是著名三江成矿带内新近发现的重要矿床之一。自发现以来备受关注、不断被认知,虽然已取得大量优秀的研究成果,但是对矿床成因类型、成矿机制存在较大分歧。因此,对矿床认识亟待提高。由于矿物包裹体是成矿流体的保真样品,也是厘定矿床成因类型的重要标志,本文首先运用碳酸盐矿物染色法研究主要成矿阶段矿物共生组合,然后利用冷热台和激光拉曼分析技术开展流体包裹体研究,结合同位素、微量和稀土元素研究结果,试图对矿床成因特点提供约束。
碳酸盐矿物染色法岩相学和矿相学研究表明白秧坪多金属矿床主成矿阶段共生矿物组合为闪锌矿+方铅矿+白云石+石英+含Ag矿物+含Cu矿物,方解石主要为成矿期晚阶段产物。流体包裹体显微测温以及激光拉曼探针分析显示,成矿流体为H2O-NaCl-CaCl2流体体系,盐度w(NaCleq)峰值范围为22.00wt%～25.00wt%,成矿温度多数集中在110.0℃～180.0℃之间,密度大于1.00g/cm3。该矿床属于低温、高盐度、中等密度热液铅锌多金属矿床。矿床成矿压力介于28.02MPa～70.64MPa之间,成矿深度范围在1.04km～2.62km,形成深度较浅。
H、C、O、S、Pb同位素研究表明,成矿流体主要来源于古大气降水补给的盆地热卤水;碳来源于盆地流体溶解海相沉积碳酸盐岩;硫来源于盆地沉积地层膏盐硫;Pb等金属元素来源于上地壳岩石。微量和稀土元素地球化学研究也显示,成矿物质来源于盆地沉积地层,围岩为矿床形成提供了所需的金属组分。成矿流体始终处于相对还原环境,金属离子和还原硫可能共存于同一流体系统,由于物理化学条件的改变发生沉淀而形成矿床。结合矿床产出背景、矿床地质、控矿构造等因素,白秧坪多金属矿床成矿流体具有密西西比河谷型(MVT)成矿流体特点,矿床可能归属于MVT矿床。
Baiyangping poly-metallic deposit, located in the central,slightly north of the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basins, is one of important deposits in the famous Sanjiang metallogenic belt. It has received much concerned and been studied deeply since it was discovered, however, considerable differences still exist between genetic type and ore-forming mechanism. Therefore, the understanding of the deposit is in urgent need to be improved. As the inclusions in the minerals are the representative samples of ore-forming fluid, as well as the signal of determining the genetic type. In this paper, the method of staining of carbonate minerals was used to determine the associate mineral assemblages, and then microthermometry and Laser Raman spectroscopy were used to conduct the study of fluid inclusions. Finally, combining these with the study of isotope, trace elements and REE, the genetic characteristics of the deposit were tried to be restricted.
Based on the petrology and mineragraphy study by the method of staining of carbonate minerals, associate mineral assemblages in the main ore-forming stage of Baiyangping poly-metallic deposit are sphalerite-galena-dolomite-quartz, as well as Ag-bearing minerals and Cu-bearing minerals, and calcite is mainly a product of mineralization in late stage. According to the analysis of the microthermometry and Laser Raman spectroscopy, the system of the ore-forming fluids is H2O-NaCl-CaCl2, peak value of salinity w(NaCleq)is in the range of 22.00wt%～25.00wt%, ore-forming temperature concentrated between 110.0℃～180.0℃, and its density over 1.00g/cm3. Therefore, Baiyangping is a low-temperature, high-salinity, and low-density Pb-Zn poly-metallic deposit. The ore-forming pressure and depth are between 28.02MPa～70.64MPa and 1.04km～2.62km,respectively.
The study H, C, O, S and Pb isotope shows that ore-forming fluid was hot basin brine originated from palaeo-precipitate water, C from marine sedimentary carbonate melt by basin fluids, S from gypsum-salt in basin sedimentary strata, and Pb and other metal elements are mainly derived from the supracrust rocks.Ore-forming fluid is always in relatively reducing environment, and metal ions together with reducing sulfur start precipitation to form deposits under the changes of the physical and chemical conditions, even though they coexist stably in the same fluid system privately. The factors of geologic background, ore-forming sources and ore-controlling structure lead to the conclusion that Baiyangping poly-metallic deposit has the characteristics of Mississippi Valley type.
碳酸盐矿物染色法岩相学和矿相学研究表明白秧坪多金属矿床主成矿阶段共生矿物组合为闪锌矿+方铅矿+白云石+石英+含Ag矿物+含Cu矿物,方解石主要为成矿期晚阶段产物。流体包裹体显微测温以及激光拉曼探针分析显示,成矿流体为H2O-NaCl-CaCl2流体体系,盐度w(NaCleq)峰值范围为22.00wt%～25.00wt%,成矿温度多数集中在110.0℃～180.0℃之间,密度大于1.00g/cm3。该矿床属于低温、高盐度、中等密度热液铅锌多金属矿床。矿床成矿压力介于28.02MPa～70.64MPa之间,成矿深度范围在1.04km～2.62km,形成深度较浅。
H、C、O、S、Pb同位素研究表明,成矿流体主要来源于古大气降水补给的盆地热卤水;碳来源于盆地流体溶解海相沉积碳酸盐岩;硫来源于盆地沉积地层膏盐硫;Pb等金属元素来源于上地壳岩石。微量和稀土元素地球化学研究也显示,成矿物质来源于盆地沉积地层,围岩为矿床形成提供了所需的金属组分。成矿流体始终处于相对还原环境,金属离子和还原硫可能共存于同一流体系统,由于物理化学条件的改变发生沉淀而形成矿床。结合矿床产出背景、矿床地质、控矿构造等因素,白秧坪多金属矿床成矿流体具有密西西比河谷型(MVT)成矿流体特点,矿床可能归属于MVT矿床。
Baiyangping poly-metallic deposit, located in the central,slightly north of the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basins, is one of important deposits in the famous Sanjiang metallogenic belt. It has received much concerned and been studied deeply since it was discovered, however, considerable differences still exist between genetic type and ore-forming mechanism. Therefore, the understanding of the deposit is in urgent need to be improved. As the inclusions in the minerals are the representative samples of ore-forming fluid, as well as the signal of determining the genetic type. In this paper, the method of staining of carbonate minerals was used to determine the associate mineral assemblages, and then microthermometry and Laser Raman spectroscopy were used to conduct the study of fluid inclusions. Finally, combining these with the study of isotope, trace elements and REE, the genetic characteristics of the deposit were tried to be restricted.
Based on the petrology and mineragraphy study by the method of staining of carbonate minerals, associate mineral assemblages in the main ore-forming stage of Baiyangping poly-metallic deposit are sphalerite-galena-dolomite-quartz, as well as Ag-bearing minerals and Cu-bearing minerals, and calcite is mainly a product of mineralization in late stage. According to the analysis of the microthermometry and Laser Raman spectroscopy, the system of the ore-forming fluids is H2O-NaCl-CaCl2, peak value of salinity w(NaCleq)is in the range of 22.00wt%～25.00wt%, ore-forming temperature concentrated between 110.0℃～180.0℃, and its density over 1.00g/cm3. Therefore, Baiyangping is a low-temperature, high-salinity, and low-density Pb-Zn poly-metallic deposit. The ore-forming pressure and depth are between 28.02MPa～70.64MPa and 1.04km～2.62km,respectively.
The study H, C, O, S and Pb isotope shows that ore-forming fluid was hot basin brine originated from palaeo-precipitate water, C from marine sedimentary carbonate melt by basin fluids, S from gypsum-salt in basin sedimentary strata, and Pb and other metal elements are mainly derived from the supracrust rocks.Ore-forming fluid is always in relatively reducing environment, and metal ions together with reducing sulfur start precipitation to form deposits under the changes of the physical and chemical conditions, even though they coexist stably in the same fluid system privately. The factors of geologic background, ore-forming sources and ore-controlling structure lead to the conclusion that Baiyangping poly-metallic deposit has the characteristics of Mississippi Valley type.
引文
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