基于电阻率测量的海床蚀积过程原位监测技术研究
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摘要
本论文基于国家863项目“风暴过程中海底沉积物再悬浮通量原位监测技术”编号2008AA09Z109)开展研究，研制了一套基于电阻率测量的海床侵蚀淤积过程现场动态原位监测系统，该系统能够实施海水-沉积物界面位置的原位监测。
本文研究内容主要包括以下两个方面：1系统设计：①设计电阻率蚀积监测系统整体结构；②完成该系统三个部分的设计：机械探杆、主控部分及分析处理软件部分，通过实验选择探杆的直径、材料和极距，确定环形电极电阻率计算方法，完成探杆设计，对主控部分划分模块完成硬件和软件设计，对分析处理软件划分模块完成设计；③对系统进行误差和精度分析；④系统参数实验测试与调整；⑤进行系统机械组合总装，完成整个系统的设计；2系统实验验证：①室内对比实验：和现有的商业化仪器测试数据进行对比分析，验证系统测试数据正确性；②室内实验验证系统的有效性；③进行现场原位实验，进一步对系统进行原位测试的有效性验证。
本论文采用的研究方法：在整个系统的设计中，采用了自上而下、分模块的设计方式，保证了系统具有很好的整体性；在系统调试和实验验证过程中，设计了多种实验，采用分步骤进行验证的方式，确保系统验证过程有序进行和经过验证系统的测试稳定性。
本文主要结论概括如下：
1．系统设计：①探杆：通过实验对比分析，选择探杆电极布设方法为环形布设、探杆直径7cm和电极间距1cm；②主控部分：采样频率64次／s，采样间隔初步确定为8s，经误差分析可以达到静态0．012Ω·m电阻率精度。③上位机数据处理软件：开发完成了仪器参数设置、数据处理和曲线拟合三个模块，采用的VC++6．0完成界面部分和计算部分，matcom 4．5完成曲线绘制及曲线拟合。2．系统实验验证：①室内对比实验：与商业化E60BN高密度电法仪和电导率仪数据对比，验证了本系统测试土体和海水电阻率数据的有效性；②室内界面测试实验：经实验确定自制系统界面测定误差在0．80cm以内，提出了中间值-直线界面分析方法，对得到的数据进行了分析，获得的界面位置和实际观察到的结果具有很好的一致性，在多次反复实验中验证了系统电阻率数据测试的有效性、测试界面的正确性，和系统的工作稳定性；③现场测试实验：实验结果表明，在海洋水动力条件较为平静时，测试结果很好的反映海水-沉积物界面；当水动力作用较强时，目前仪器所用电极的极化效应对测试结果影响较大，将在下一步研究中通过改变电极材料来完善。
本论文创新点主要包括以下三个方面：1多电极自动切换自动记录，基于电阻率测量的海床蚀积监测系统设计；2分级电极开关转换结构和相应的主控软件，极大的减小了多电极电路的硬件开销，缩小了整个系统的体积；3提出了海水-沉积物界面的中间值-直线分析方法，并在多次实验中验证了其分析数据的有效性。
本论文设计的系统有待进一步工作改进系统设计，主要包括：系统的软硬件功能的进一步完善、系统电极探杆的材料改进，及系统整体结构的进一步调整。
Thework in this thesis was based on National 863 Project“Marine SedimentRe-suspension Flux in-situ Monitoring Techniques during the Storm Process”(No.2008AA09Z109).A set of in situ system monitoring seabed erosion and depositiondynamic process,based on the resistivity measurement,was developed.It couldimplement in situ monitoring water-sediment interface location.
In this thesis,the work consists of two parts,1 Monitoring system design:①Design the whole structure of monitoring system based on resistivity measurement;②Completion the three components design of the system,that is mechanical rod part,control part and analysis software part.Rod design was completed by choosing roddiameter,material and electrode distance through experiments and determining thering electrode resistivity calculating method.Control part was realized by dividinghardware and software into modules to design respectively.Processing and analysissoftware was completed through modularization design;③system error andprecision analysis;④experimentalize for testing and adjusting system parameters;⑤assemble the whole system,and finish system design.2.System verifyingexperiments:①indoor comparative experiment:The measured data fromself-designed instrument was compared with the data from commercialization E60BNhigh-density electrical instrument to verify the system testing data validity of soil andwater resistivity.②indoor testing experiment to verify system effectiveness;③field experiment to verify system in-situ monitoring validity.
The research methods in this thesis:the top-down,dividing modules designmanner was used in the design of the entire system,which ensured the system a verygood overall;in the system debug and test validation process,a wide range ofexperiments were designed,and step-by-step validate manner was used,whichensured verification process conducting orderly and testing stability of the verifiedsystem.
The main conclusions of this thesis could be summarized as follows:
1.System design:①mechanical rod:ring electrode collocation manner,diameter 7cm and electrode spacing lcm;②data logger:sampling rate 64 times/s, the total system error--0.012Ω·m,sampling interval 8s;③host computerdata-processing software:VC ++ 6.0 was used in the interface and the calculationparts,and matcom 4.5 completed curve drawing and curve fitting.2.Systemexperiment verify:①indoor comparative expmeriment:the measured data wasoompared with the data from commercialization E60BN high-density electricalinstrument,which verified the system testing data validity of soil and water resistivity;②indoor interface testing experiment:the apparatus developed in this thesis wasused to conduct the indoor contrast experiment to test the accuracy of the results ofelectrical conductivity;and test effectiveness of sediment-water interface location,which was proved to be a less than 0.80cm error;③Field test results showed thatwhen the hydrodynamic conditions in the ocean was relatively calm,the test resultsreflected a very good water-sediment interface;When it has strong hydrodynamiceffect,the electrode used by the current equipment has polarization effects on theimpact of test results.Changing the electrode material in the next step would beexecuted to improve it.
The main innovations in this thesis:1 seabed longtime monitoring system whichcoulde automaticly switch between multitrode;2 classifiyed electrode switchingstructure and corresponding control software,would greatly reduce the hardware costof multi-electrode circuit,and reduce the size of the entire system;3IntermidiateValue-StraightLine (Ⅳ-SL) water-sediment interface analysis method wasadvanced,and its validity was verified in a number of experiments.
The system designed in this thesis would be further improved in future work,including:further perfecting the function of hardware and software,improvingelectrode rod material,and further adjusting the overall structure of the system.
本文研究内容主要包括以下两个方面：1系统设计：①设计电阻率蚀积监测系统整体结构；②完成该系统三个部分的设计：机械探杆、主控部分及分析处理软件部分，通过实验选择探杆的直径、材料和极距，确定环形电极电阻率计算方法，完成探杆设计，对主控部分划分模块完成硬件和软件设计，对分析处理软件划分模块完成设计；③对系统进行误差和精度分析；④系统参数实验测试与调整；⑤进行系统机械组合总装，完成整个系统的设计；2系统实验验证：①室内对比实验：和现有的商业化仪器测试数据进行对比分析，验证系统测试数据正确性；②室内实验验证系统的有效性；③进行现场原位实验，进一步对系统进行原位测试的有效性验证。
本论文采用的研究方法：在整个系统的设计中，采用了自上而下、分模块的设计方式，保证了系统具有很好的整体性；在系统调试和实验验证过程中，设计了多种实验，采用分步骤进行验证的方式，确保系统验证过程有序进行和经过验证系统的测试稳定性。
本文主要结论概括如下：
1．系统设计：①探杆：通过实验对比分析，选择探杆电极布设方法为环形布设、探杆直径7cm和电极间距1cm；②主控部分：采样频率64次／s，采样间隔初步确定为8s，经误差分析可以达到静态0．012Ω·m电阻率精度。③上位机数据处理软件：开发完成了仪器参数设置、数据处理和曲线拟合三个模块，采用的VC++6．0完成界面部分和计算部分，matcom 4．5完成曲线绘制及曲线拟合。2．系统实验验证：①室内对比实验：与商业化E60BN高密度电法仪和电导率仪数据对比，验证了本系统测试土体和海水电阻率数据的有效性；②室内界面测试实验：经实验确定自制系统界面测定误差在0．80cm以内，提出了中间值-直线界面分析方法，对得到的数据进行了分析，获得的界面位置和实际观察到的结果具有很好的一致性，在多次反复实验中验证了系统电阻率数据测试的有效性、测试界面的正确性，和系统的工作稳定性；③现场测试实验：实验结果表明，在海洋水动力条件较为平静时，测试结果很好的反映海水-沉积物界面；当水动力作用较强时，目前仪器所用电极的极化效应对测试结果影响较大，将在下一步研究中通过改变电极材料来完善。
本论文创新点主要包括以下三个方面：1多电极自动切换自动记录，基于电阻率测量的海床蚀积监测系统设计；2分级电极开关转换结构和相应的主控软件，极大的减小了多电极电路的硬件开销，缩小了整个系统的体积；3提出了海水-沉积物界面的中间值-直线分析方法，并在多次实验中验证了其分析数据的有效性。
本论文设计的系统有待进一步工作改进系统设计，主要包括：系统的软硬件功能的进一步完善、系统电极探杆的材料改进，及系统整体结构的进一步调整。
Thework in this thesis was based on National 863 Project“Marine SedimentRe-suspension Flux in-situ Monitoring Techniques during the Storm Process”(No.2008AA09Z109).A set of in situ system monitoring seabed erosion and depositiondynamic process,based on the resistivity measurement,was developed.It couldimplement in situ monitoring water-sediment interface location.
In this thesis,the work consists of two parts,1 Monitoring system design:①Design the whole structure of monitoring system based on resistivity measurement;②Completion the three components design of the system,that is mechanical rod part,control part and analysis software part.Rod design was completed by choosing roddiameter,material and electrode distance through experiments and determining thering electrode resistivity calculating method.Control part was realized by dividinghardware and software into modules to design respectively.Processing and analysissoftware was completed through modularization design;③system error andprecision analysis;④experimentalize for testing and adjusting system parameters;⑤assemble the whole system,and finish system design.2.System verifyingexperiments:①indoor comparative experiment:The measured data fromself-designed instrument was compared with the data from commercialization E60BNhigh-density electrical instrument to verify the system testing data validity of soil andwater resistivity.②indoor testing experiment to verify system effectiveness;③field experiment to verify system in-situ monitoring validity.
The research methods in this thesis:the top-down,dividing modules designmanner was used in the design of the entire system,which ensured the system a verygood overall;in the system debug and test validation process,a wide range ofexperiments were designed,and step-by-step validate manner was used,whichensured verification process conducting orderly and testing stability of the verifiedsystem.
The main conclusions of this thesis could be summarized as follows:
1.System design:①mechanical rod:ring electrode collocation manner,diameter 7cm and electrode spacing lcm;②data logger:sampling rate 64 times/s, the total system error--0.012Ω·m,sampling interval 8s;③host computerdata-processing software:VC ++ 6.0 was used in the interface and the calculationparts,and matcom 4.5 completed curve drawing and curve fitting.2.Systemexperiment verify:①indoor comparative expmeriment:the measured data wasoompared with the data from commercialization E60BN high-density electricalinstrument,which verified the system testing data validity of soil and water resistivity;②indoor interface testing experiment:the apparatus developed in this thesis wasused to conduct the indoor contrast experiment to test the accuracy of the results ofelectrical conductivity;and test effectiveness of sediment-water interface location,which was proved to be a less than 0.80cm error;③Field test results showed thatwhen the hydrodynamic conditions in the ocean was relatively calm,the test resultsreflected a very good water-sediment interface;When it has strong hydrodynamiceffect,the electrode used by the current equipment has polarization effects on theimpact of test results.Changing the electrode material in the next step would beexecuted to improve it.
The main innovations in this thesis:1 seabed longtime monitoring system whichcoulde automaticly switch between multitrode;2 classifiyed electrode switchingstructure and corresponding control software,would greatly reduce the hardware costof multi-electrode circuit,and reduce the size of the entire system;3IntermidiateValue-StraightLine (Ⅳ-SL) water-sediment interface analysis method wasadvanced,and its validity was verified in a number of experiments.
The system designed in this thesis would be further improved in future work,including:further perfecting the function of hardware and software,improvingelectrode rod material,and further adjusting the overall structure of the system.
引文
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[92]美信公司．谈谈ADC误差对系统性能的影响．电子质量，2002．8：P．29-33．
[93]杨振吉．电压基准．电子测量技术，2003(3)：P．6-7．
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