高含水后期剩余油评价和预测方法研究
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摘要
本文针对陆相注水开发油藏具有非均质性强、含水率高、原油采收率低、可采剩余油分布复杂、主力产层和表外产层同时存在等特点,深入研究了剩余油的形成机理、响应特征和分布规律,应用开发地质学、渗流力学、流体力学和地质统计学理论,将静态地质数据和动态开发数据相结合,综合现有的与剩余油及压力分布有关的所有资料,提出了一套系统的评价和预测剩余油及压力的方法,较好地解决了目前剩余油与压力评价和预测中的技术难题。
该方法技术是以岩心实验、理论分析和数值模拟为基础,以开发地质学、渗流力学、流体力学和地质统计学为依据;以综合研究方法为主,与岩心实验、油藏描述、生产动态及油藏工程等方法结合,在剩余油成因分析、储层和流体变化特征、水淹层测井响应机理、测井响应特征及水淹级别定性识别方法研究基础上,通过岩心刻度、流动单元划分及约束,建立了单井评价和预测模型。
对于不同条件的生产和注水井,提出了流量校正及产量匹分、启动压力梯度确定、油层流体渗流的渗透率级差界限确定、边界条件处理、表外储层处理、相对渗透率类型划分及处理、动态预测模型参数调整等剩余油预测中的关键技术,应用综合信息和相关资料,评价剩余油饱和度及压力变化,预测油藏内剩余油及压力分布规律。
最后,利用该方法技术对油田试验区的实际资料进行分析解释,评价和预测油区内剩余油的分布。检验表明该预测剩余油的方法是可行的,评价和预测结果与地质及开发实际吻合很好,具有良好的应用前景。
The generating reason,response characteristic and distributing rule of remaining oil was deeply studied aiming at water-flooded continental reservoir with characteristic of intense heterogeneity,high water-cut,low recovery efficiency,complex distributing rule of mobile remaining oil,intergrowth of major and untabulated formation . At the same time,a systemic method of evaluation and predicating remaining oil and pressure was put forward basing on the theory of development geology,seepage flow mechanics,fluid mechanics which resolved the hard technologic problem of predicting remaining oil and pressure.
On base of development geology,seepage flow mechanics,fluid mechanics and geology statistics the method was built through core test,theory analysis and numeric simulation. After much work was done such as analysis of remaining oil generating reason,study of formation and fluid changing characteristic,identification of well log response to water-flooded layer ,the evaluating and predicting model of single well was built by core scale and flow write restriction. As to production and injection well in different condition,a new method was built for flow connection and production matching , determination of threshold value of permeability dispersion,calculating of starting pressure,handle of untabulated layer and boundary,determination of relative permeability type and dynamic model parameters adjustment. It can be used to evaluate remaining oil saturation and predict distributaries rule of remaining oil with well logging information and other data.
Eventually,the method was used to evaluate and predict distribution of remaining oil in pilot area of oilfield. It has been proved that the method of predicting remaining oil was feasible and the results of evaluation and prediction were in accordance with geology and development,which has good applied prospect in water-flooded oil reservoir.
该方法技术是以岩心实验、理论分析和数值模拟为基础,以开发地质学、渗流力学、流体力学和地质统计学为依据;以综合研究方法为主,与岩心实验、油藏描述、生产动态及油藏工程等方法结合,在剩余油成因分析、储层和流体变化特征、水淹层测井响应机理、测井响应特征及水淹级别定性识别方法研究基础上,通过岩心刻度、流动单元划分及约束,建立了单井评价和预测模型。
对于不同条件的生产和注水井,提出了流量校正及产量匹分、启动压力梯度确定、油层流体渗流的渗透率级差界限确定、边界条件处理、表外储层处理、相对渗透率类型划分及处理、动态预测模型参数调整等剩余油预测中的关键技术,应用综合信息和相关资料,评价剩余油饱和度及压力变化,预测油藏内剩余油及压力分布规律。
最后,利用该方法技术对油田试验区的实际资料进行分析解释,评价和预测油区内剩余油的分布。检验表明该预测剩余油的方法是可行的,评价和预测结果与地质及开发实际吻合很好,具有良好的应用前景。
The generating reason,response characteristic and distributing rule of remaining oil was deeply studied aiming at water-flooded continental reservoir with characteristic of intense heterogeneity,high water-cut,low recovery efficiency,complex distributing rule of mobile remaining oil,intergrowth of major and untabulated formation . At the same time,a systemic method of evaluation and predicating remaining oil and pressure was put forward basing on the theory of development geology,seepage flow mechanics,fluid mechanics which resolved the hard technologic problem of predicting remaining oil and pressure.
On base of development geology,seepage flow mechanics,fluid mechanics and geology statistics the method was built through core test,theory analysis and numeric simulation. After much work was done such as analysis of remaining oil generating reason,study of formation and fluid changing characteristic,identification of well log response to water-flooded layer ,the evaluating and predicting model of single well was built by core scale and flow write restriction. As to production and injection well in different condition,a new method was built for flow connection and production matching , determination of threshold value of permeability dispersion,calculating of starting pressure,handle of untabulated layer and boundary,determination of relative permeability type and dynamic model parameters adjustment. It can be used to evaluate remaining oil saturation and predict distributaries rule of remaining oil with well logging information and other data.
Eventually,the method was used to evaluate and predict distribution of remaining oil in pilot area of oilfield. It has been proved that the method of predicting remaining oil was feasible and the results of evaluation and prediction were in accordance with geology and development,which has good applied prospect in water-flooded oil reservoir.
引文
[1] 吴锡令. 生产测井原理. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1997:19~333
[2] 王秉海,沈娟华,颜捷先主编. 胜利油区开发研究与实践. 1. 山东东营:石油大学出版社,1993.5:415~420
[3] 胜利石油管理局地质科学研究院. 胜利油田开发科技论文汇编,1996.8:235~241
[4] 沈平平. 油水在多孔介质中的运动理论和实践. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,50~121
[5] [美] C.R. 史密斯,G.W. 特雷西,R.L. 法勒. 实用油藏工程. 岳清山,柏松章等译. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995.6:307~384
[6] J-X. Shi, W. R. Rossen. Simulation of gravity override in foam processes in porous media. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1998.1(2):P148~154
[7] A.B. Dixit, S.R. Mcdougall, K.S. Sorbie et al. Pore-scale modeling of wettability effects and their influence on oil recovery. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999.2(1):P25~36
[8] N. Rao. Wettability effects in thermal recovery operations dandina. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999.2(5):P420~430
[9] 曾文冲. 油气藏储集层测井评价技术. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1991:235~273
[10] Γ.C.库兹涅佐夫. 油气田开发期地球物理监测技术. 常熹等译. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995.9:7~24
[11] T.S. Ramakrishnan, D.J. Wilkinson. Water-cut and fractional-flow logs from array-induction measurements. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999.2(1):P85~93
[12] 陈序三. 一种新型储层饱和度测井方法及应用. 测井技术,2001,25(3):105～107
[13] 侯连华. 自然电位基线偏移影响因素的实验研究. 石油大学学报,2001,25(1):93~97
[14] 雍世和,张超谟. 测井数据处理与综合解释. 1. 山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:350~438
[15] 黄延章. 低渗透率油层渗流机理. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998.12:93~99
[16] 陈元千. 现代油藏工程. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001.8:59~60
[17] 袁奕群,袁庆峰. 黑油模型在油田开发中的应用. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995:40~45
[18] H. Urkedal, E. Ebeltoff, J.E. Nordtvedt et al. A new design of steady-state type experiments for simulation estimation of two-phase flow functions. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 2000.3(3):P230~238
[19] Ho-Jeen Su. Modeling off-center wells in reservoir simulation. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1995.10(1):P47~51
[20] Hong. W. Gao, Thomas E. Burchfield. Effects of crossflow and layer permeability contrast on the effectiveness of gel treatments in polymer floods and waterfloods. SPE Reservoir Engineering 1995.10(2):P129~136
[21] 宋考平,王立军,何鲜等. 单层剩余油分布及动态指标预测动态劈分法. 石油学报,2000,21(6):122~126
[22] 葛家理,宁正福,刘月田等. 现代油藏渗流力学原理. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:65~93
[23] Beggs. H.D et al. Estimating the Viscosity of Crude Oil Systems. JPT, Sept.1975:1140~1141
[24] Continuous Tables. A Correlation for Water Compressibility. SPE, Nov.1980:125~126
[25] 黄延章. 低渗透率油层渗流机理. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998.12:93~99
[26] 陈元千. 现代油藏工程. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001.8:59~60
[27] 巢华庆,王玉普. 复杂油藏试井技术. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001.6:130~163
[28] M.霍纳波. 油藏相对渗透率. 马志元等译. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1989.6:55~120
[29] Peter Naylor, Terence Fishlock, David Mogford et al. Relative permeability measurements for post-waterflood depressurization of the Miller field, North sea. SPE Reservoir Evla & Eng, 2001,4(4). 276~289
[30] H.M Helset, J.E. Nordtvedt, S.M. Skjoeveland et al. Relative permeability from displacement experiments with full account for capillary pressure. SPE Reservoir Evla & Eng, 1998,1(2). 92~98
[31] G.R. Jerauld. General three-phase relative permeability model for prudhoe bay. Reservoir Evla & Eng, 1997,12(4). 255~263
[32] Wyllie M.R.J, Gardner. G.H.F. The generalized Kozeny-Carmen equation, its application to problems of multi-phase flow in porous media. World Oil, 1958:121~146
[33] M.Golan, C.H.Whitson. 油气井动态分析. 陈钟祥 许政纲等译. 北京:石油工业出版社,1992.7:P73
[34] M.K. Hwang. Modeling nonlinear interactions among near-well flow restrictions in well-deliverability prediction and simulation. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 2000,3(4):360~368
[35] D.N. Dietz. Determination of Average Reservoir Pressure from Build-up Surveys. JPT, Aug.1965:955~959
[36] 钟松定. 试井分析. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1991.6:8~381
[37] 张一伟,熊琦华. 陆相油藏描述. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1997:329~344
[38] K.J. Weber, Hams Dronkert. Screening Criteria to evaluation the development potential of remaining oil in mature fields. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999,2(5):405~411
[39] 侯连华. 地质条件约束的水淹层测井评价方法研究. 硕士学位论文. 山东东营. 石油大学(华东):1997:12~22
[40] 侯连华,王京红. 滩坝相水淹层测井评价方法. 石油大学学报,1999,23(1):27~30
[41] 褚人杰,孙德明,姜文达. 确定水驱油藏地层混合液电阻率的方法. 测井技术,1995,19(2):117~125
[42] 沈平平,俞稼镛. 大幅度提高石油采收率的基础研究. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:283~338
[43] 潘兴国,姜文达. 中国水驱油田开发测井. 水驱油田开发测井 96 国际学术讨论会论文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,1996:1～5
[2] 王秉海,沈娟华,颜捷先主编. 胜利油区开发研究与实践. 1. 山东东营:石油大学出版社,1993.5:415~420
[3] 胜利石油管理局地质科学研究院. 胜利油田开发科技论文汇编,1996.8:235~241
[4] 沈平平. 油水在多孔介质中的运动理论和实践. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,50~121
[5] [美] C.R. 史密斯,G.W. 特雷西,R.L. 法勒. 实用油藏工程. 岳清山,柏松章等译. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995.6:307~384
[6] J-X. Shi, W. R. Rossen. Simulation of gravity override in foam processes in porous media. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1998.1(2):P148~154
[7] A.B. Dixit, S.R. Mcdougall, K.S. Sorbie et al. Pore-scale modeling of wettability effects and their influence on oil recovery. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999.2(1):P25~36
[8] N. Rao. Wettability effects in thermal recovery operations dandina. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999.2(5):P420~430
[9] 曾文冲. 油气藏储集层测井评价技术. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1991:235~273
[10] Γ.C.库兹涅佐夫. 油气田开发期地球物理监测技术. 常熹等译. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995.9:7~24
[11] T.S. Ramakrishnan, D.J. Wilkinson. Water-cut and fractional-flow logs from array-induction measurements. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999.2(1):P85~93
[12] 陈序三. 一种新型储层饱和度测井方法及应用. 测井技术,2001,25(3):105～107
[13] 侯连华. 自然电位基线偏移影响因素的实验研究. 石油大学学报,2001,25(1):93~97
[14] 雍世和,张超谟. 测井数据处理与综合解释. 1. 山东东营:石油大学出版社,1996:350~438
[15] 黄延章. 低渗透率油层渗流机理. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998.12:93~99
[16] 陈元千. 现代油藏工程. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001.8:59~60
[17] 袁奕群,袁庆峰. 黑油模型在油田开发中的应用. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1995:40~45
[18] H. Urkedal, E. Ebeltoff, J.E. Nordtvedt et al. A new design of steady-state type experiments for simulation estimation of two-phase flow functions. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 2000.3(3):P230~238
[19] Ho-Jeen Su. Modeling off-center wells in reservoir simulation. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 1995.10(1):P47~51
[20] Hong. W. Gao, Thomas E. Burchfield. Effects of crossflow and layer permeability contrast on the effectiveness of gel treatments in polymer floods and waterfloods. SPE Reservoir Engineering 1995.10(2):P129~136
[21] 宋考平,王立军,何鲜等. 单层剩余油分布及动态指标预测动态劈分法. 石油学报,2000,21(6):122~126
[22] 葛家理,宁正福,刘月田等. 现代油藏渗流力学原理. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:65~93
[23] Beggs. H.D et al. Estimating the Viscosity of Crude Oil Systems. JPT, Sept.1975:1140~1141
[24] Continuous Tables. A Correlation for Water Compressibility. SPE, Nov.1980:125~126
[25] 黄延章. 低渗透率油层渗流机理. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1998.12:93~99
[26] 陈元千. 现代油藏工程. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001.8:59~60
[27] 巢华庆,王玉普. 复杂油藏试井技术. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001.6:130~163
[28] M.霍纳波. 油藏相对渗透率. 马志元等译. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1989.6:55~120
[29] Peter Naylor, Terence Fishlock, David Mogford et al. Relative permeability measurements for post-waterflood depressurization of the Miller field, North sea. SPE Reservoir Evla & Eng, 2001,4(4). 276~289
[30] H.M Helset, J.E. Nordtvedt, S.M. Skjoeveland et al. Relative permeability from displacement experiments with full account for capillary pressure. SPE Reservoir Evla & Eng, 1998,1(2). 92~98
[31] G.R. Jerauld. General three-phase relative permeability model for prudhoe bay. Reservoir Evla & Eng, 1997,12(4). 255~263
[32] Wyllie M.R.J, Gardner. G.H.F. The generalized Kozeny-Carmen equation, its application to problems of multi-phase flow in porous media. World Oil, 1958:121~146
[33] M.Golan, C.H.Whitson. 油气井动态分析. 陈钟祥 许政纲等译. 北京:石油工业出版社,1992.7:P73
[34] M.K. Hwang. Modeling nonlinear interactions among near-well flow restrictions in well-deliverability prediction and simulation. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 2000,3(4):360~368
[35] D.N. Dietz. Determination of Average Reservoir Pressure from Build-up Surveys. JPT, Aug.1965:955~959
[36] 钟松定. 试井分析. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1991.6:8~381
[37] 张一伟,熊琦华. 陆相油藏描述. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,1997:329~344
[38] K.J. Weber, Hams Dronkert. Screening Criteria to evaluation the development potential of remaining oil in mature fields. SPE Reservoir Eval & Eng, 1999,2(5):405~411
[39] 侯连华. 地质条件约束的水淹层测井评价方法研究. 硕士学位论文. 山东东营. 石油大学(华东):1997:12~22
[40] 侯连华,王京红. 滩坝相水淹层测井评价方法. 石油大学学报,1999,23(1):27~30
[41] 褚人杰,孙德明,姜文达. 确定水驱油藏地层混合液电阻率的方法. 测井技术,1995,19(2):117~125
[42] 沈平平,俞稼镛. 大幅度提高石油采收率的基础研究. 1. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001:283~338
[43] 潘兴国,姜文达. 中国水驱油田开发测井. 水驱油田开发测井 96 国际学术讨论会论文集. 北京:石油工业出版社,1996:1～5