船舶与海洋平台三维参数化总体设计方法研究
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摘要
总体设计是决定船舶与海洋平台安全性、功能性和经济性等各项性能的重要环节。目前,船舶与海洋平台的总体设计仍然采用传统的设计方法,即运用逐步近似、螺旋上升式的设计思想,在不同的软件平台上经过大量的重复建模、计算和分析完成一个设计方案。传统的方法通过设计螺旋,能够保证船舶与海洋平台的各项性能满足设计要求,但同时存在着技术落后、效率低和设计周期长等问题。因为设计效率低,传统的设计方法难以对方案进行优化设计,这不仅增加了建造成本,而且影响了船舶与海洋平台的安全性和营运经济性。所以,通过完善设计理论和改进设计方法,提高船舶与海洋平台的设计效率和质量,是缩短开发周期、降低建造成本和提高产品性能的重要途径,具有重要的工程实际意义。
三维参数化设计是当前工业设计领域广泛应用的设计方法,能够显著改善产品的设计效率,提高设计质量。目前,参数化技术在船舶与海洋平台总体设计中的应用很少,更没有形成理论体系。本文将三维参数化设计应用于船舶与海洋平台的总体设计中,提出了系统的、符合船舶与海洋平台设计特点的三维参数化设计流程,并研究基于三维技术的、与参数化设计流程相适应的船舶与海洋平台设计方法,弥补了传统设计方法的不足。
提出一种船体曲面参数化设计方法,采用NURBS表达船体曲面,通过统一的变换函数,完成船体曲面整体变换、局部变换和UV度变换等设计任务。实现了船体曲面的参数驱动,并能够在满足设计要求的前提下保证船体曲面的光顺性。根据主要结构构件型表面(TSPS)的特点,建立基于变量几何法的二维几何约束求解系统,实现TSPS草图的参数化设计。以草图为基础,通过三维特征造型的方法,实现船舶与海洋平台TSPS模型的三维参数化设计。
通过由TSPS构成的外部模型和基于BRep表达的内部模型定义浮体和舱室的参数化模型。通过BRep的实体运算,计算船舶与海洋平台静水力性能和舱容要素。提出了基于BRep浮体模型的稳性通用计算方法,采用直接迭代的方法计算复原力臂,并基于BRep浮体模型完成破舱稳性计算。提出稳性曲面的概念、构造和基于稳性曲面校核海洋平台三维稳性的方法。
根据船舶与海洋平台的结构特点,通过基于几何约束求解的参数化方法,建立船舶与海洋平台的参数化结构模型。提出一种网格划分算法,能够将各种复杂的参数化结构模型网格划分,得到满足不同分析目的的结构有限元模型。这种网格划分方法不仅能够实现网格的局部细化,并能保证高应力区域网格的质量。基于这种参数化结构有限元模型,提出两种结构优化设计方法。一是参数化结构形状优化方法,用于船舶与海洋平台主要尺度参数的优化设计;二是结构尺寸优化方法,用于构件板厚的优化设计。综合运用这两种优化方法,可以实现船舶与海洋平台结构优化设计,提高其结构安全性与经济性。
船舶与海洋平台参数化总体设计方法支持自上而下的设计模式,具有尺度驱动、基于统一数据库和基于特征造型等特点。参数化模型具有较强的可变性和可重用性,适用于新船型开发、系列化设计和船型的优化设计。依据参数化设计流程及上述的各种基于三维技术的设计方法编制软件,并将其应用于工程实践,通过工程设计实例证明该方法具有较强的工程实用价值。
'General Design' is the determinants of ship and platform's performance, such as safety, functionality and economy etc. Currently, almost all of the ships and platforms are designed with traditional methods. Although traditional methods could ensure both functionality and safety of the products, problems exist such as lag in technology, low in efficiency etc. What's more, it is difficult to optimize the design scheme with traditional methods, which seriously affects both the cost and the operation economy of the ship and platform. Therefore, perfecting the design theory, improving the design method and increasing the design efficiency are of great importance to the engineering practice.
The 3D parametric technology, which is widely used in the industrial design field, is able to improve the design efficiency and to raise the product quality significantly. However, there are very few applications of the parametric technology in ship and platform design field, and no systemic method has been proposed. The objective of this paper is to study how to apply the parametric technology in ship and platform design, and propose a systemic parametric design procedure. New methods based on 3D technology for the parametric design process are proposed to overcome the disadvantage of the traditional method. Those methods are as follows.
A parametric hull surface design method is proposed, which expresses the hull with NURBS surface, and could accomplish the hull transform tasks with a uniform hull transformation function, such as global transformation, local transformation and UV degree transformation. The hull transformation function ensures that all design requirements are satisfied on the condition of hull surface fairness being unchanged. A 2D geometric constraint solving system is developed according to the characteristics of Theoretic Surface of Primary Structures (TSPS), which is able to complete parametric design of TSPS sketch. On the base of TSPS sketch, TSPS is created with 3D feature modeling.
The floatation models and the tank models are expressed by two-layer parametric models, namely the outer model and the inner model. The outer model is consisted of TSPS, and the inner model is Boundary-Representation (BRep) solid model. The inner model is created automatically from the outer model. Hydrostatics and tank capacities are calculated based on the BRep model. A general stability calculation method base on BRep floatation model is presented, which calculates the righting lever with a direct iterative method. This method is applicable for both intact stability and damage stability calculation. The concept of stability surface is proposed as well as its creating method. The 3D stability of the platform is checked based on the stability surface.
The structure model of ship and platform is created with parametric design method based on geometry constraint solving. A two-layer mesh generation method is developed, which is able to create the finite element model from complex parametric structure model for various finite element analysis. This mesh generator is very high efficient, and could generate fine mesh model with high quality. Two structure optimization methods, which are the shape optimization method and the plate thickness optimization method, are proposed based on the parametric finite element model. With these optimization methods, the structure strength is increased while the hull weight is reduced significantly.
The ship and platform parametric design approach has the feature of dimension-driven, based on the unique database, feature modeling and top-down design procedure etc. The models created by this method are of great changeability and reusability, which make this method an excellent tool for variant design and series design. Softwares are developed in according with this method and were applied to the engineering practice, by which the engineering practicality of this method is proved.
三维参数化设计是当前工业设计领域广泛应用的设计方法,能够显著改善产品的设计效率,提高设计质量。目前,参数化技术在船舶与海洋平台总体设计中的应用很少,更没有形成理论体系。本文将三维参数化设计应用于船舶与海洋平台的总体设计中,提出了系统的、符合船舶与海洋平台设计特点的三维参数化设计流程,并研究基于三维技术的、与参数化设计流程相适应的船舶与海洋平台设计方法,弥补了传统设计方法的不足。
提出一种船体曲面参数化设计方法,采用NURBS表达船体曲面,通过统一的变换函数,完成船体曲面整体变换、局部变换和UV度变换等设计任务。实现了船体曲面的参数驱动,并能够在满足设计要求的前提下保证船体曲面的光顺性。根据主要结构构件型表面(TSPS)的特点,建立基于变量几何法的二维几何约束求解系统,实现TSPS草图的参数化设计。以草图为基础,通过三维特征造型的方法,实现船舶与海洋平台TSPS模型的三维参数化设计。
通过由TSPS构成的外部模型和基于BRep表达的内部模型定义浮体和舱室的参数化模型。通过BRep的实体运算,计算船舶与海洋平台静水力性能和舱容要素。提出了基于BRep浮体模型的稳性通用计算方法,采用直接迭代的方法计算复原力臂,并基于BRep浮体模型完成破舱稳性计算。提出稳性曲面的概念、构造和基于稳性曲面校核海洋平台三维稳性的方法。
根据船舶与海洋平台的结构特点,通过基于几何约束求解的参数化方法,建立船舶与海洋平台的参数化结构模型。提出一种网格划分算法,能够将各种复杂的参数化结构模型网格划分,得到满足不同分析目的的结构有限元模型。这种网格划分方法不仅能够实现网格的局部细化,并能保证高应力区域网格的质量。基于这种参数化结构有限元模型,提出两种结构优化设计方法。一是参数化结构形状优化方法,用于船舶与海洋平台主要尺度参数的优化设计;二是结构尺寸优化方法,用于构件板厚的优化设计。综合运用这两种优化方法,可以实现船舶与海洋平台结构优化设计,提高其结构安全性与经济性。
船舶与海洋平台参数化总体设计方法支持自上而下的设计模式,具有尺度驱动、基于统一数据库和基于特征造型等特点。参数化模型具有较强的可变性和可重用性,适用于新船型开发、系列化设计和船型的优化设计。依据参数化设计流程及上述的各种基于三维技术的设计方法编制软件,并将其应用于工程实践,通过工程设计实例证明该方法具有较强的工程实用价值。
'General Design' is the determinants of ship and platform's performance, such as safety, functionality and economy etc. Currently, almost all of the ships and platforms are designed with traditional methods. Although traditional methods could ensure both functionality and safety of the products, problems exist such as lag in technology, low in efficiency etc. What's more, it is difficult to optimize the design scheme with traditional methods, which seriously affects both the cost and the operation economy of the ship and platform. Therefore, perfecting the design theory, improving the design method and increasing the design efficiency are of great importance to the engineering practice.
The 3D parametric technology, which is widely used in the industrial design field, is able to improve the design efficiency and to raise the product quality significantly. However, there are very few applications of the parametric technology in ship and platform design field, and no systemic method has been proposed. The objective of this paper is to study how to apply the parametric technology in ship and platform design, and propose a systemic parametric design procedure. New methods based on 3D technology for the parametric design process are proposed to overcome the disadvantage of the traditional method. Those methods are as follows.
A parametric hull surface design method is proposed, which expresses the hull with NURBS surface, and could accomplish the hull transform tasks with a uniform hull transformation function, such as global transformation, local transformation and UV degree transformation. The hull transformation function ensures that all design requirements are satisfied on the condition of hull surface fairness being unchanged. A 2D geometric constraint solving system is developed according to the characteristics of Theoretic Surface of Primary Structures (TSPS), which is able to complete parametric design of TSPS sketch. On the base of TSPS sketch, TSPS is created with 3D feature modeling.
The floatation models and the tank models are expressed by two-layer parametric models, namely the outer model and the inner model. The outer model is consisted of TSPS, and the inner model is Boundary-Representation (BRep) solid model. The inner model is created automatically from the outer model. Hydrostatics and tank capacities are calculated based on the BRep model. A general stability calculation method base on BRep floatation model is presented, which calculates the righting lever with a direct iterative method. This method is applicable for both intact stability and damage stability calculation. The concept of stability surface is proposed as well as its creating method. The 3D stability of the platform is checked based on the stability surface.
The structure model of ship and platform is created with parametric design method based on geometry constraint solving. A two-layer mesh generation method is developed, which is able to create the finite element model from complex parametric structure model for various finite element analysis. This mesh generator is very high efficient, and could generate fine mesh model with high quality. Two structure optimization methods, which are the shape optimization method and the plate thickness optimization method, are proposed based on the parametric finite element model. With these optimization methods, the structure strength is increased while the hull weight is reduced significantly.
The ship and platform parametric design approach has the feature of dimension-driven, based on the unique database, feature modeling and top-down design procedure etc. The models created by this method are of great changeability and reusability, which make this method an excellent tool for variant design and series design. Softwares are developed in according with this method and were applied to the engineering practice, by which the engineering practicality of this method is proved.
引文
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