河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价研究
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摘要
河道整治工程是一项以防汛功能为主的建设工程。1998年大洪水过后,国家投巨资入治理河道建设,全国各地掀起了河道整治工程建设的新高潮。从传统意义上来讲,河道整治工程对保障国家和人民生命财产安全发挥着巨大的作用,但是在实际建设的过程当中,对生态环境的保护也至关重要。虽然河道整治工程建设对我国经济效益和社会效益均有一定的提高,但工程建设对生态环境的影响和导致的生态问题越来越突出。
在河道整治工程生态环境影响评价方面,我国相关的理论研究、实际评价工作均开展较晚,评价方法和体系都还处于探讨研究中,尚存在许多不成熟之处。本文首先对国内外生态环境影响评价研究进展进行回顾和梳理,通过借鉴国内外河道整治工程建设项目环境影响评价的有益经验,并根据《环境影响评价技术导则生态影响》(HJ19-2011)的具体要求,对河道整治工程生态环境影响评价的基础理论如可持续发展理论、生态位理论、生态系统多样性理论、生物群落演替理论、限制因子理论以及评价方法如类比分析法、列表清单法、生态图法、生物生产力评价法、景观生态学法等进行归纳,并分别进行介绍。
在此基础上,以南京新济洲河段河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价为案例,对该区陆生生态环境现状和工程建设对区域生态环境影响进行了研究。本文重点分析河道整治工程带来的主要陆生生态环境问题,采用多种评价方法得出评价结论。本文从区域生态环境保护的角度,综合分析河道整治工程建设对生态环境产生的影响。通过对这些影响的分析,对河道整治工程生态环境影响提出有效的环境保护措施,为河道整治工程建设及其管理提供科学依据。
本论文研究的意义在于：通过对河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价的研究,补充、完善和总结我国河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价的理论与方法。既有系统的理论研究,也有实际的科研案例,从实例研究中总结经验与不足,对于该类河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价有一定的借鉴意义,对我国的生态环境影响评价亦有一定的参考价值。
The river training works is mainly to prevent flood in construction project. After the great flood of1998, the state invested a huge sum of money into the governance of river construction and all over the country lifted the river training construction of new climax. Traditionally river training play a huge role in protecting the country and the people's engineering property plus safety of life, but its role in the protection of the ecological environment is also important. Although construction of river training works was improved to economic efficiency and the social efficiency, but the engineering construction to the influence of ecological environment and the ecological problems are becoming more and more outstanding.
In the ecological environmental impact assessment of the river training works, the related theoretical studies and the actual evaluation work carried out late, evaluation methods and systems are still in the explore research, there are still many immature at. Firstly, Based on the ecological environmental impact assessment at home and abroad the research progress of the review and sort out the useful experience by drawing from the river training works at home and abroad according to the construction project environmental impact assessment and in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines For The Ecological Impact (HJ19-2011) the specific requirements of the basic theory of the impact assessment of the ecological environment of the river training works, such as sustainable development theory, niche theory, the theory of ecosystem diversity, biomes, succession theory, the limiting factor theory and evaluation methods are introduced respectively, such as analog analysis, a list of list law, eco-map method, biological productivity evaluation, landscape ecology method.
On this basis, taking the Nanjing Xin Jizhou river ecological environment impact assessment for the example, this paper focus on the study of the status and construction of the terrestrial ecological environment of the area on the regional eco-environmental impact. Closely around the characteristics of impact of the river training works on the ecological environment, This article mainly analyze the terrestrial ecological environment problem brought by river training works, adopting various estimating method in drawing the conclusion. Through the analysis of these effects, minimal impact on environmental protection measures, construction and environmental management of river training works to provide a scientific basis for the ecological environment of the river training works.
The significance of this thesis lies in:through the study on the terrestrial ecological environmental impact assessment of river training works, this dissertation summaried, complemented and improved the theories and methods of China's river training works terrestrial ecological environment impact assessment at the first time. The theoretical study of the existing system, there are actual cases of scientific research, the lessons learned from case studies and the reference class river remediation work terrestrial ecological environment impact assessment of China's ecological environment impact evaluation also there are some reference value.
在河道整治工程生态环境影响评价方面,我国相关的理论研究、实际评价工作均开展较晚,评价方法和体系都还处于探讨研究中,尚存在许多不成熟之处。本文首先对国内外生态环境影响评价研究进展进行回顾和梳理,通过借鉴国内外河道整治工程建设项目环境影响评价的有益经验,并根据《环境影响评价技术导则生态影响》(HJ19-2011)的具体要求,对河道整治工程生态环境影响评价的基础理论如可持续发展理论、生态位理论、生态系统多样性理论、生物群落演替理论、限制因子理论以及评价方法如类比分析法、列表清单法、生态图法、生物生产力评价法、景观生态学法等进行归纳,并分别进行介绍。
在此基础上,以南京新济洲河段河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价为案例,对该区陆生生态环境现状和工程建设对区域生态环境影响进行了研究。本文重点分析河道整治工程带来的主要陆生生态环境问题,采用多种评价方法得出评价结论。本文从区域生态环境保护的角度,综合分析河道整治工程建设对生态环境产生的影响。通过对这些影响的分析,对河道整治工程生态环境影响提出有效的环境保护措施,为河道整治工程建设及其管理提供科学依据。
本论文研究的意义在于：通过对河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价的研究,补充、完善和总结我国河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价的理论与方法。既有系统的理论研究,也有实际的科研案例,从实例研究中总结经验与不足,对于该类河道整治工程陆生生态环境影响评价有一定的借鉴意义,对我国的生态环境影响评价亦有一定的参考价值。
The river training works is mainly to prevent flood in construction project. After the great flood of1998, the state invested a huge sum of money into the governance of river construction and all over the country lifted the river training construction of new climax. Traditionally river training play a huge role in protecting the country and the people's engineering property plus safety of life, but its role in the protection of the ecological environment is also important. Although construction of river training works was improved to economic efficiency and the social efficiency, but the engineering construction to the influence of ecological environment and the ecological problems are becoming more and more outstanding.
In the ecological environmental impact assessment of the river training works, the related theoretical studies and the actual evaluation work carried out late, evaluation methods and systems are still in the explore research, there are still many immature at. Firstly, Based on the ecological environmental impact assessment at home and abroad the research progress of the review and sort out the useful experience by drawing from the river training works at home and abroad according to the construction project environmental impact assessment and in accordance with the Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines For The Ecological Impact (HJ19-2011) the specific requirements of the basic theory of the impact assessment of the ecological environment of the river training works, such as sustainable development theory, niche theory, the theory of ecosystem diversity, biomes, succession theory, the limiting factor theory and evaluation methods are introduced respectively, such as analog analysis, a list of list law, eco-map method, biological productivity evaluation, landscape ecology method.
On this basis, taking the Nanjing Xin Jizhou river ecological environment impact assessment for the example, this paper focus on the study of the status and construction of the terrestrial ecological environment of the area on the regional eco-environmental impact. Closely around the characteristics of impact of the river training works on the ecological environment, This article mainly analyze the terrestrial ecological environment problem brought by river training works, adopting various estimating method in drawing the conclusion. Through the analysis of these effects, minimal impact on environmental protection measures, construction and environmental management of river training works to provide a scientific basis for the ecological environment of the river training works.
The significance of this thesis lies in:through the study on the terrestrial ecological environmental impact assessment of river training works, this dissertation summaried, complemented and improved the theories and methods of China's river training works terrestrial ecological environment impact assessment at the first time. The theoretical study of the existing system, there are actual cases of scientific research, the lessons learned from case studies and the reference class river remediation work terrestrial ecological environment impact assessment of China's ecological environment impact evaluation also there are some reference value.
引文
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[10]张连新,陆高波.堤防建设中的生态问题研究[J].水利科技与经济2008,10(10)：782-783.
[11]王克勤,赵雨森.水土保持与荒漠化防治概论[M].中国林业出版社.2008.9.
[12]环境保护部.环境影响评价技术导则生态影响[S].2011.19
[13]徐鹤,贾纯荣,朱坦,戴树桂.生态影响评价中生境评价方法[J].城市环境与城市生态,1999,12(6)：50-53.
[14]陆雍森编著.环境评价(第二版)[M].上海：同济大学出版社.1999,9.
[15]李乐修,岳力.非污染生态影响评价中景观生态学的理论探讨[J].辽宁城乡环境科技,2000年05期：37-38.
[16]袁道凌.非污染生态影响评价方法述评[J].环境保护,2004,(11)：35-37.
[17]国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.非污染生态影响评价技术导则一培训教材[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社.
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[19]韩黎.生态河道整理模式及其评级方法研究[D].大连理工大学硕士论文,2010.
[20]田红等.景观生态学在建设项目生态环境影响评价中的应用[J].生态环境,2003,22,(4)：13-15.
[21]方创琳等.区域发展规划指标体系建立方法探讨[J].地理学报,1999,54(5)：410-419.
[22]赵多等.浙江省生态环境可持续发展评价指标体系的建立[J].环境污染与防治,2003,25(6)：380-382.
[23]梁军等.城市生态环境保护建设评估指标及模式研究[J].湖南有色金属,2003,19(3)：39-42.
[24]孙蕾等.我国国家生态的评价指标体系研究[J].教育统计,2005(2)：18-21.
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