基于ARM嵌入式的电网谐波检测系统的分析和实现
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摘要
谐波是影响电能质量的主要因素之一。近年来,由于电力电子设备在电气化铁路,石油化工,冶金,煤炭等工业领域的广泛应用,使得电力系统谐波含量增高,严重影响了电网的安全运行和电能质量,已引起了社会各界的广泛关注,谐波的检测和治理已成为电力系统研究领域的重要课题之一。
传统的谐波检测系统都具有一定的优点,但在很多方面存在明显的的技术劣势。ARM嵌入式系统在网络和软件移植性方面具有很大的优势,能为谐波检测系统提供良好的图形界面和网络服务,这在很大程度上弥补了先前一些电网谐波检测系统的不足。
本文从谐波检测角度出发,设计了基于ARM嵌入式的谐波检测系统。首先,利用快速傅立叶变换算法对谐波进行分析,主要应用128点时域抽取基-2FFT算法对谐波信号进行测算,获取20次以内的谐波含量;其次,针对FFT分析谐波信号所出现的频谱泄露问题,采用加汉宁窗函数进行抑制,并利用双峰谱线插值修正算法对加窗函数进行修正,从而较好的提高了FFT测算的准确度;最后通过MATLAB仿真实验,验证了该算法的可行性。
嵌入式谐波检测系统以ARM9和C/OS-Ⅱ为开发平台。硬件系统采用Samsung公司的S3C2410作为系统的CPU,实现了三相电压和电流信号的同步采集,模拟信号的数字化处理和下位机的串口通信功能。硬件电路设计主要包括信号调理电路,频率测量电路和CPU外围电路三大模块。编译了嵌入式操作系统C/OS-Ⅱ,完成了其在硬件系统上的移植,编写了相关的应用程序,并利用LabVIEW完成了上位机图形界面的开发和下位机数据通信的链接,使系统具备数据采集,数据处理,数据存储和数据通讯四部分的功能。
实验结果表明,所设计的嵌入式谐波检测系统较好的实现了对谐波信号的检测和分析,为开发高性能的谐波检测装置和谐波的有效治理打下了基础。
Harmonic is one of the main factors of affecting power quality. In recent years, with the power electronic devices was widely used in electric railway, petrochemical, metallurgy, coal and other industrial areas, the power system harmonic content increased, seriously affecting the safe operation of power grid and power quality, it has caused a wide range of community attention. Thus the harmonic power detection and management has become an important issue for research in the field of power system.
The traditional harmonic detection system have certain advantages, but in many respects exist obvious technical disadvantage. ARM Embedded system has big advantage in network and software portability,and it can provd good graphic interface and network services for the harmonic detection system, This is largely offset some deficiency of the previous power grid detection harmonic detection system.
The harmonic detection system that based on the ARM Embedded was designed from the angle of harmonic detection in this thesis. First, using the Fast Fourier transform algorithm to analyze harmonic, mainly using 128 points of time-domain extraction that based on 2-FFT algorithm to measure the harmonic signals, and it can obtain the harmonic content within 20 times; Secondly, According to appear spectrum leak problem in analyzing harmonic signal , through adding the hanning window function can inhibit and adding the interpolation double-peak spectral lines correction algorithm for revising the hanning window function , and better improved the measuring accuracy; Finally ,through MATLAB simulation validated the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
The development platform of system was based on ARM9 and C/OS-Ⅱ. In the hardware, using S3C2410 of the Samsung company as the CPU, has realized the three-phase voltages and currents signal synchronous collection, the analog signal digital processing and lower place machine of serial communication function. The Hardware circuit design includes signal regulate circuit, frequency measurement circuit and CPU peripheral circuit. In the software, has compiled the embedded operating system C/OS-Ⅱ, completed its transplant in the hardware system, wrote the relevant application and using the LabVIEW completed PC graphics interface development and lower level computer data communications links, make the system has four parts function which constituted made by data acquisition, data processing, data storage and data communications four parts function.
The experimental result shows that the harmonic detection system better realized the harmonic signal detection and analysis, for the development of high-performance harmonic detection device and the effective management of harmonic laid the foundation.
传统的谐波检测系统都具有一定的优点,但在很多方面存在明显的的技术劣势。ARM嵌入式系统在网络和软件移植性方面具有很大的优势,能为谐波检测系统提供良好的图形界面和网络服务,这在很大程度上弥补了先前一些电网谐波检测系统的不足。
本文从谐波检测角度出发,设计了基于ARM嵌入式的谐波检测系统。首先,利用快速傅立叶变换算法对谐波进行分析,主要应用128点时域抽取基-2FFT算法对谐波信号进行测算,获取20次以内的谐波含量;其次,针对FFT分析谐波信号所出现的频谱泄露问题,采用加汉宁窗函数进行抑制,并利用双峰谱线插值修正算法对加窗函数进行修正,从而较好的提高了FFT测算的准确度;最后通过MATLAB仿真实验,验证了该算法的可行性。
嵌入式谐波检测系统以ARM9和C/OS-Ⅱ为开发平台。硬件系统采用Samsung公司的S3C2410作为系统的CPU,实现了三相电压和电流信号的同步采集,模拟信号的数字化处理和下位机的串口通信功能。硬件电路设计主要包括信号调理电路,频率测量电路和CPU外围电路三大模块。编译了嵌入式操作系统C/OS-Ⅱ,完成了其在硬件系统上的移植,编写了相关的应用程序,并利用LabVIEW完成了上位机图形界面的开发和下位机数据通信的链接,使系统具备数据采集,数据处理,数据存储和数据通讯四部分的功能。
实验结果表明,所设计的嵌入式谐波检测系统较好的实现了对谐波信号的检测和分析,为开发高性能的谐波检测装置和谐波的有效治理打下了基础。
Harmonic is one of the main factors of affecting power quality. In recent years, with the power electronic devices was widely used in electric railway, petrochemical, metallurgy, coal and other industrial areas, the power system harmonic content increased, seriously affecting the safe operation of power grid and power quality, it has caused a wide range of community attention. Thus the harmonic power detection and management has become an important issue for research in the field of power system.
The traditional harmonic detection system have certain advantages, but in many respects exist obvious technical disadvantage. ARM Embedded system has big advantage in network and software portability,and it can provd good graphic interface and network services for the harmonic detection system, This is largely offset some deficiency of the previous power grid detection harmonic detection system.
The harmonic detection system that based on the ARM Embedded was designed from the angle of harmonic detection in this thesis. First, using the Fast Fourier transform algorithm to analyze harmonic, mainly using 128 points of time-domain extraction that based on 2-FFT algorithm to measure the harmonic signals, and it can obtain the harmonic content within 20 times; Secondly, According to appear spectrum leak problem in analyzing harmonic signal , through adding the hanning window function can inhibit and adding the interpolation double-peak spectral lines correction algorithm for revising the hanning window function , and better improved the measuring accuracy; Finally ,through MATLAB simulation validated the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
The development platform of system was based on ARM9 and C/OS-Ⅱ. In the hardware, using S3C2410 of the Samsung company as the CPU, has realized the three-phase voltages and currents signal synchronous collection, the analog signal digital processing and lower place machine of serial communication function. The Hardware circuit design includes signal regulate circuit, frequency measurement circuit and CPU peripheral circuit. In the software, has compiled the embedded operating system C/OS-Ⅱ, completed its transplant in the hardware system, wrote the relevant application and using the LabVIEW completed PC graphics interface development and lower level computer data communications links, make the system has four parts function which constituted made by data acquisition, data processing, data storage and data communications four parts function.
The experimental result shows that the harmonic detection system better realized the harmonic signal detection and analysis, for the development of high-performance harmonic detection device and the effective management of harmonic laid the foundation.
引文
[1]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备[M].中国电力出版社,2006
[2]汤钰鹏,徐建军.高次谐波产生的原因、危害及其抑制措施明[J].电气传动自动化,2002,22(1):3～6
[3]金树鑫.电力系统的谐波问题[J].黑龙江纺织,2002(3):36～38
[4]胡俊达,张著彬.电力系统中谐波的产生、危害和拟制[J].湖北电力,2003,27(5): 2～3
[5]石建国,李福进.电网中高次谐波的危害及抑制措施[J].节能环保,2005(1l): 50～52
[6] Jos Arrillaga Neville R.Watson著,林海雪,范明天,薛蕙译.电力谐波系统[M].2008
[7] George J.Wakileh著,徐政译.电力系统谐波[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[8]林海雪.论电能质量标准电力系统自动化[M].1997,30(3):1～3
[9]聂晶晶,许晓芳,夏安邦等.电能质量监测及管理系统[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25(10):75～77
[10]程浩忠,电力系统谐波技术[M].上海交通大学出版社,1998
[11]付周兴,赵永秀.电网谐波测量技术的现状与发展[J].工矿自动化,2004,4(2): 18～21
[12] Huang Zhiqing, He Jiaamin. A Remote Real-Time Monitoring System for PowerQuality[J].Journal of Southwest Jiantong University,2003,11(1):31～38
[13]丁玉美,高西全,彭学愚.数字信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[14]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会编.电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准应用手册[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2001
[15]程佩青.数字信号处理教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[16] J. H. Marks, T. C. Green. Redictive Transient-Following Control of Shunt and Seriesactive Power Filters[J].IEEE Tram:on Power Electronics,2002(17):574～584
[17] Jiaagtao xt. A New Algorithm for Improving the Accuracy of Periodic signal A.qalysis[J].IEEE Trans IM,1996(8):827～830
[18] AVISHAI RASH. Harmonies—what are they how to mesure them and how to solve the problem(in connection with Standards IEEE 1159-1995&IEEE519-1992).IEEE,1996
[19] Hsiung Cheng Lin. Remote Real-Time Power System Harmonics Detection and Monitoring via the Intemet.IEEE,2005
[20] S. Chert, X. L. Wang. Power Quality XML Markup Language for Enhancing the Sharing of Power Quality Data[J].IEEE,2004:1565-1570
[21] Harres F j. On the use of windows for harmonic analysis witll the discrete Fouriertransform[J].Proc. IEEE,1978,66(1):51～83
[22] Sang Yoon Park. Desing of 2K/4U 8K-Poim FFT Process or based on Cordic Algorithm in OFDM Receiver[J].IEEE,2001
[23] Mohammad H, Abbas Haider, A. E. Mohamed. Harmonics Monitoring Using DigitalFilters[J].SICE Annual Conference in Fukui,2003(8):2143～2146
[24]段成刚,欧阳森等.新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计[J].电网技术,2004,28(2):60～63
[25]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[26]王海丽.基于S3C2410的多功能仪器软件系统的研究与设计[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007
[27]王群,姚为正,王兆安.低通滤波器对谐波检测电路的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,1999,4(33):5～12
[28]曹德宁.电能质量监测与分析系统的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[29]江俊辉.基于ARM的嵌入式系统硬件设计[J].微计算机信息,2005(7):120～122
[30]谢凯.基于嵌入式系统的通用电子测量仪器硬件平台的研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2006
[31]杨进,肖湘宁.电能质量监测技术发展新趋势—网络化、信息化、标准化[J].电力自动化设计,2004(11):82～87
[32]赵星寒,周春来,刘涛编著. ARM开发工具ADS原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[33]高伟华,杨子军.嵌入式操作系统的研究现状及实际开发应用前景[M].中国电力,2002(5):383～386
[34]周立功等编著. ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[35]于杰.基于嵌入式系统的电能质量检测仪[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2007
[36] Jean J.Labrosse著,邵贝贝等译.嵌入式实时操作系统C/OS-Ⅱ(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[37]桑楠.嵌入式系统原理及应用开发技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[38]王建群,南金瑞,孙逢春,付立鼎.基于LabVIEW的数据采集系统的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(21):122～125
[39]石博强,雷振山. LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002
[40]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇,杨磊,安雪滢. LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[2]汤钰鹏,徐建军.高次谐波产生的原因、危害及其抑制措施明[J].电气传动自动化,2002,22(1):3～6
[3]金树鑫.电力系统的谐波问题[J].黑龙江纺织,2002(3):36～38
[4]胡俊达,张著彬.电力系统中谐波的产生、危害和拟制[J].湖北电力,2003,27(5): 2～3
[5]石建国,李福进.电网中高次谐波的危害及抑制措施[J].节能环保,2005(1l): 50～52
[6] Jos Arrillaga Neville R.Watson著,林海雪,范明天,薛蕙译.电力谐波系统[M].2008
[7] George J.Wakileh著,徐政译.电力系统谐波[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[8]林海雪.论电能质量标准电力系统自动化[M].1997,30(3):1～3
[9]聂晶晶,许晓芳,夏安邦等.电能质量监测及管理系统[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25(10):75～77
[10]程浩忠,电力系统谐波技术[M].上海交通大学出版社,1998
[11]付周兴,赵永秀.电网谐波测量技术的现状与发展[J].工矿自动化,2004,4(2): 18～21
[12] Huang Zhiqing, He Jiaamin. A Remote Real-Time Monitoring System for PowerQuality[J].Journal of Southwest Jiantong University,2003,11(1):31～38
[13]丁玉美,高西全,彭学愚.数字信号处理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
[14]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会编.电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准应用手册[M].北京:中国电力出版社, 2001
[15]程佩青.数字信号处理教程(第二版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[16] J. H. Marks, T. C. Green. Redictive Transient-Following Control of Shunt and Seriesactive Power Filters[J].IEEE Tram:on Power Electronics,2002(17):574～584
[17] Jiaagtao xt. A New Algorithm for Improving the Accuracy of Periodic signal A.qalysis[J].IEEE Trans IM,1996(8):827～830
[18] AVISHAI RASH. Harmonies—what are they how to mesure them and how to solve the problem(in connection with Standards IEEE 1159-1995&IEEE519-1992).IEEE,1996
[19] Hsiung Cheng Lin. Remote Real-Time Power System Harmonics Detection and Monitoring via the Intemet.IEEE,2005
[20] S. Chert, X. L. Wang. Power Quality XML Markup Language for Enhancing the Sharing of Power Quality Data[J].IEEE,2004:1565-1570
[21] Harres F j. On the use of windows for harmonic analysis witll the discrete Fouriertransform[J].Proc. IEEE,1978,66(1):51～83
[22] Sang Yoon Park. Desing of 2K/4U 8K-Poim FFT Process or based on Cordic Algorithm in OFDM Receiver[J].IEEE,2001
[23] Mohammad H, Abbas Haider, A. E. Mohamed. Harmonics Monitoring Using DigitalFilters[J].SICE Annual Conference in Fukui,2003(8):2143～2146
[24]段成刚,欧阳森等.新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计[J].电网技术,2004,28(2):60～63
[25]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理与接口技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[26]王海丽.基于S3C2410的多功能仪器软件系统的研究与设计[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2007
[27]王群,姚为正,王兆安.低通滤波器对谐波检测电路的影响[J].西安交通大学学报,1999,4(33):5～12
[28]曹德宁.电能质量监测与分析系统的研制[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2003
[29]江俊辉.基于ARM的嵌入式系统硬件设计[J].微计算机信息,2005(7):120～122
[30]谢凯.基于嵌入式系统的通用电子测量仪器硬件平台的研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文,2006
[31]杨进,肖湘宁.电能质量监测技术发展新趋势—网络化、信息化、标准化[J].电力自动化设计,2004(11):82～87
[32]赵星寒,周春来,刘涛编著. ARM开发工具ADS原理与应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006
[33]高伟华,杨子军.嵌入式操作系统的研究现状及实际开发应用前景[M].中国电力,2002(5):383～386
[34]周立功等编著. ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[35]于杰.基于嵌入式系统的电能质量检测仪[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2007
[36] Jean J.Labrosse著,邵贝贝等译.嵌入式实时操作系统C/OS-Ⅱ(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[37]桑楠.嵌入式系统原理及应用开发技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[38]王建群,南金瑞,孙逢春,付立鼎.基于LabVIEW的数据采集系统的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(21):122～125
[39]石博强,雷振山. LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2002
[40]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇,杨磊,安雪滢. LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
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