基于ARM和DSP的电能质量监测仪的研究
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摘要
电能是一种使用最为广泛的能源,其应用程度已成为一个国家发展水平的主要标志之一。随着计算机、电力电子和信息技术等高新产业的发展和普及,电能质量已成为电力部门及其用户日益关注的问题,对电能质量监测和分析也具有重要的现实意义。本文主要对电能质量监测分析的相关理论和技术进行了研究,设计了基于DSP和ARM的双CPU电能质量监测仪的硬件系统和软件系统。
本文首先对电能质量当前国内外的研究现状进行了分析,对电能质量相关分析方法进行了阐述,提出了电能质量监测仪的设计思路。本文采用双CPU的硬件结构方式,利用ARM管理键盘和显示等人机接口,采用高速数字信号处理器TMS320LF2407作为运算单元,采用专门的14位AD转换芯片来实现高精度的采样,同时利用锁相环电路硬件跟踪电网频率。软件系统方面采用了模块化设计,以便于软件功能的改进和升级。在理论方面也有所研究,以谐波源-六脉动整流桥为研究对象,分析控制角和换相重叠角与谐波电流大小之间的关系,并通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证理论分析的准确性;对于暂态电能质量扰动采用小波变换进行检测,并通过Matlab仿真验证检测效果。
本文最后对电能质量的实测数据进行分析,指出当前电能质量中存在的问题,并给出了相应的改善措施。对电能质量监测仪进行了误差分析,并结合误差的原因提出了软件校正方法。
Electrical energy is the broadest used energy and its application level has become a main development level symbol of a country. With the development and popularization of computer, power electronic and information technology, more and more attentions of power system departments and consumers turn to the power quality. So it's very significant to measure and analyze the power quality. This paper has the research on the theory and technology of power quality, and designed the hardware and software of double CPU power quality monitor based on DSP and ARM chip.
Firstly, this paper analyzed the current research situation of power quality home and abroad, expounded the analysis methods related to power quality, and put forward the design thoughts on power quality monitor. This paper adopted double CPU hardware structure, using ARM to manage the man-machine interfaces, such as keyboard and display, using DSP chip TMS320LF2407A to take charge of digital signal processing, using 14 bits AD conversion chip to realize high accuracy A/D conversion, and using Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) circuit to track the power net frequency. The software system used module design method for future upgrade. There were also several theoretical researches. Six-pulse Bridge, which is one of the main harmonic sources, was chosen as the research object. The theoretical analysis showed the link between control angle and harmonic current. And it also showed the link between commutation overlap angle and harmonic current. A simuliation module was founded with PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulation results were similar to the theoretical analysis. Wavelet transform was used to analyze the disturbance signal.
Finally, the field measured data was analyzed, and the problems which existed in current power qulity were pointed out and the corresponding solutions were presented. The error analysis of power qulity monitor was done in the paper.
本文首先对电能质量当前国内外的研究现状进行了分析,对电能质量相关分析方法进行了阐述,提出了电能质量监测仪的设计思路。本文采用双CPU的硬件结构方式,利用ARM管理键盘和显示等人机接口,采用高速数字信号处理器TMS320LF2407作为运算单元,采用专门的14位AD转换芯片来实现高精度的采样,同时利用锁相环电路硬件跟踪电网频率。软件系统方面采用了模块化设计,以便于软件功能的改进和升级。在理论方面也有所研究,以谐波源-六脉动整流桥为研究对象,分析控制角和换相重叠角与谐波电流大小之间的关系,并通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证理论分析的准确性;对于暂态电能质量扰动采用小波变换进行检测,并通过Matlab仿真验证检测效果。
本文最后对电能质量的实测数据进行分析,指出当前电能质量中存在的问题,并给出了相应的改善措施。对电能质量监测仪进行了误差分析,并结合误差的原因提出了软件校正方法。
Electrical energy is the broadest used energy and its application level has become a main development level symbol of a country. With the development and popularization of computer, power electronic and information technology, more and more attentions of power system departments and consumers turn to the power quality. So it's very significant to measure and analyze the power quality. This paper has the research on the theory and technology of power quality, and designed the hardware and software of double CPU power quality monitor based on DSP and ARM chip.
Firstly, this paper analyzed the current research situation of power quality home and abroad, expounded the analysis methods related to power quality, and put forward the design thoughts on power quality monitor. This paper adopted double CPU hardware structure, using ARM to manage the man-machine interfaces, such as keyboard and display, using DSP chip TMS320LF2407A to take charge of digital signal processing, using 14 bits AD conversion chip to realize high accuracy A/D conversion, and using Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) circuit to track the power net frequency. The software system used module design method for future upgrade. There were also several theoretical researches. Six-pulse Bridge, which is one of the main harmonic sources, was chosen as the research object. The theoretical analysis showed the link between control angle and harmonic current. And it also showed the link between commutation overlap angle and harmonic current. A simuliation module was founded with PSCAD/EMTDC software. The simulation results were similar to the theoretical analysis. Wavelet transform was used to analyze the disturbance signal.
Finally, the field measured data was analyzed, and the problems which existed in current power qulity were pointed out and the corresponding solutions were presented. The error analysis of power qulity monitor was done in the paper.
引文
[1]杨进,肖湘宁,电能质量监测技术发展新趋势--网络化、信息化、标准化.电力自动化设备,2004,24(11):82-87
[2]陈波,王鸿钰.电能质量监测和监测仪器讲座--电能质量监测.仪表技术,2005,4:73-74
[3]高云鹏,滕召胜.电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向.仪器仪表用户,2004,11(4):1-3
[4]段成刚,欧阳森,宋政湘,陈德桂,王建华.新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计.电网技术,2004,28(2):60-63
[5]Daponte P,Du Penta M,Mercurio G.Transientmeter:a distributed measurement system for power quality monitoring.Harmonics and Quality of Power,2000 Proceeding Ninth International Conference on[C].Orlando,FL,USA,2000:1017-1022
[6]Ananth I,Morcos M M.A power quality monitoring system:a case study in DSP-based solutions for electric power industy.IEEE Power Engineering Review,1999,19(7):47-50
[7]董超,宋政湘,陈德桂.基于双CPU的高精度电能质量监测仪.低压电器,2004,8:25-27
[8]冯红岩,赵双喜,张建成,李和明.基于双CPU的电能质量监测系统设计与实现.继电器,2006,34(7):61-64
[9]牛博,宋政湘,王建华.基于TMS320LF2407的电能质量监测器.电气开关,2004,6:12-14
[10]王宝安,蒋平,高亮,刘成民.基于DSP技术的电能质量监测仪研制.电力自动化设备,2003,23(4):56-58
[11]胡铭.小波变换与神经网络技术在电能质量分析中的应用研究:[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2001
[12]蒋孜.基于自适应滤波的电能质量的检测与分析:[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2006
[13]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[14]程浩忠,艾芊,张志刚等.电能质量.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[15]曹德宁.电能质量监测与分析系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2003
[16]谢小容,韩英铎.电力系统频率测量综述.电力系统自动化,1997,23(3):54-58
[17]Mack Grady W,Surya Santoso.Understanding power system harmonics.IEEE Power Engineering Review,2001,Vol.21(11):8-11
[18]江均祥.国标GB/T14549-93《电能质量公用电网谐波》简介.http://www.cepee.com
[19]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66
[20]Jain V K,Collins W L,Davis D C,High-accuracy analog measurement via interpolated FFT. IEEE Trans M,1979,28:113-116
[2l]金雄飞,乐秀璠.电网谐波测量方法评述.继电器,2003,31(8):11-14
[22]戴朝波,林海雪,雷林绪.两种谐波电流检测方法的比较研究.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(1):80-84
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[24]J.Arrillaga.D.A.BRADLEy,P.S.BORDER著,容健纲,张文亮译.电力系统谐波.湖北:华中理工大学出版社,1994
[25]毛志芳.电能质量在线监测系统的算法研究和软件实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006
[26]刘亚洲,李威,纪延超,柳焯.IEC闪变检测方法的数字化实现.继电器,2000,28(3):18-21
[27]马玉龙,刘连光,张建华,于晗.IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法.中国电机工程学报,2001,21(11):92-95
[28]IEC.61000-4-15.Flickermeter-Functional and design specifications.IEC,1997
[29]孙树勤.电压波动与闪变.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[30]IEEE Power System Relaying Committee.The impact of sine-wave distortions on protective relays.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1984,Vol.2:335-343
[3l]孙宏伟,李梅,寇晓括.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的谐波仿真分析.电力电子技术,2004,6:22-24
[32]林良真,叶林.电磁暂态分析软件包PSCAD/EMTDC.电网技术,2000,1:65-66
[33]飞思科技产品研发中心.小波分析理论与MATLAB实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[34]任震.小波分析及其在电力系统中的应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[35]严居斌,刘晓川,杨洪耕.基于小波变换模极大值原理和能量分布曲线的电力系统短期扰动分析.电网技术,2002,26(4):16-19
[36]胡铭,陈衍.基于小波变换模极大值的电能质量扰动检测与定位.电网技术,2001,25(3):12-16
[37]Mallat S,Hwang W L.Singularity detection and processing with wavelets.IEEE Trans on Information Theory,1992,38(2):617-643
[38]Poisson O,Rioual P,Meunier M.Detection and measurement of power quality disturbance using wavelet transform.IEEE Transactions on Power,2000,15(3):1039-1044
[39]Huang S J,Hsieh C T,Huang C L.Application of Morlet wavelets to supervise system disturbances.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(1):235-243
[40]杜立东.小波变换在电能质量暂态信号检测中的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2006
[41]王继东.电力系统暂态电能质量问题研究:[博士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2005
[42]徐勇.电能质量监测仪设计:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2004
[43]施奕平.基于DSP的电能质量监测仪的研制:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2002
[44]张虎.电能质量综合测试仪的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学, 2002
[45]刘和平,王维俊,汪渝,邓力.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[46][美]Texas Instruments Incorporated著,徐科军,张兴,肖本贤,吴婷编译.TMS320LF/LC24系列DSP的CPU与外设.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[47]周立功单片机.PHILIPS单片32位ARM微控制器-LPC2292/LPC2294.http://www.zlgmcu.com/philips/arm/lpc2292.asp
[48]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[49]纪震,钟锦春,强乐.DSP系统入门与实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[50]苏涛,蔡建龙,何学辉.DSP接口电路设计与编程.西安:电子科技大学出版社,2003
[51]余成波,杨菁,杨如民,周登义.数字信号处理及MATLAB实现.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[2]陈波,王鸿钰.电能质量监测和监测仪器讲座--电能质量监测.仪表技术,2005,4:73-74
[3]高云鹏,滕召胜.电能质量监测技术现状与发展方向.仪器仪表用户,2004,11(4):1-3
[4]段成刚,欧阳森,宋政湘,陈德桂,王建华.新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计.电网技术,2004,28(2):60-63
[5]Daponte P,Du Penta M,Mercurio G.Transientmeter:a distributed measurement system for power quality monitoring.Harmonics and Quality of Power,2000 Proceeding Ninth International Conference on[C].Orlando,FL,USA,2000:1017-1022
[6]Ananth I,Morcos M M.A power quality monitoring system:a case study in DSP-based solutions for electric power industy.IEEE Power Engineering Review,1999,19(7):47-50
[7]董超,宋政湘,陈德桂.基于双CPU的高精度电能质量监测仪.低压电器,2004,8:25-27
[8]冯红岩,赵双喜,张建成,李和明.基于双CPU的电能质量监测系统设计与实现.继电器,2006,34(7):61-64
[9]牛博,宋政湘,王建华.基于TMS320LF2407的电能质量监测器.电气开关,2004,6:12-14
[10]王宝安,蒋平,高亮,刘成民.基于DSP技术的电能质量监测仪研制.电力自动化设备,2003,23(4):56-58
[11]胡铭.小波变换与神经网络技术在电能质量分析中的应用研究:[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2001
[12]蒋孜.基于自适应滤波的电能质量的检测与分析:[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2006
[13]肖湘宁.电能质量分析与控制.北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[14]程浩忠,艾芊,张志刚等.电能质量.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[15]曹德宁.电能质量监测与分析系统的研制:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2003
[16]谢小容,韩英铎.电力系统频率测量综述.电力系统自动化,1997,23(3):54-58
[17]Mack Grady W,Surya Santoso.Understanding power system harmonics.IEEE Power Engineering Review,2001,Vol.21(11):8-11
[18]江均祥.国标GB/T14549-93《电能质量公用电网谐波》简介.http://www.cepee.com
[19]张伏生,耿中行,葛耀中.电力系统谐波分析的高精度FFT算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(3):63-66
[20]Jain V K,Collins W L,Davis D C,High-accuracy analog measurement via interpolated FFT. IEEE Trans M,1979,28:113-116
[2l]金雄飞,乐秀璠.电网谐波测量方法评述.继电器,2003,31(8):11-14
[22]戴朝波,林海雪,雷林绪.两种谐波电流检测方法的比较研究.中国电机工程学报,2002,22(1):80-84
[23]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[24]J.Arrillaga.D.A.BRADLEy,P.S.BORDER著,容健纲,张文亮译.电力系统谐波.湖北:华中理工大学出版社,1994
[25]毛志芳.电能质量在线监测系统的算法研究和软件实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006
[26]刘亚洲,李威,纪延超,柳焯.IEC闪变检测方法的数字化实现.继电器,2000,28(3):18-21
[27]马玉龙,刘连光,张建华,于晗.IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法.中国电机工程学报,2001,21(11):92-95
[28]IEC.61000-4-15.Flickermeter-Functional and design specifications.IEC,1997
[29]孙树勤.电压波动与闪变.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[30]IEEE Power System Relaying Committee.The impact of sine-wave distortions on protective relays.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1984,Vol.2:335-343
[3l]孙宏伟,李梅,寇晓括.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的谐波仿真分析.电力电子技术,2004,6:22-24
[32]林良真,叶林.电磁暂态分析软件包PSCAD/EMTDC.电网技术,2000,1:65-66
[33]飞思科技产品研发中心.小波分析理论与MATLAB实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[34]任震.小波分析及其在电力系统中的应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2003
[35]严居斌,刘晓川,杨洪耕.基于小波变换模极大值原理和能量分布曲线的电力系统短期扰动分析.电网技术,2002,26(4):16-19
[36]胡铭,陈衍.基于小波变换模极大值的电能质量扰动检测与定位.电网技术,2001,25(3):12-16
[37]Mallat S,Hwang W L.Singularity detection and processing with wavelets.IEEE Trans on Information Theory,1992,38(2):617-643
[38]Poisson O,Rioual P,Meunier M.Detection and measurement of power quality disturbance using wavelet transform.IEEE Transactions on Power,2000,15(3):1039-1044
[39]Huang S J,Hsieh C T,Huang C L.Application of Morlet wavelets to supervise system disturbances.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1999,14(1):235-243
[40]杜立东.小波变换在电能质量暂态信号检测中的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:华北电力大学,2006
[41]王继东.电力系统暂态电能质量问题研究:[博士学位论文].天津:天津大学,2005
[42]徐勇.电能质量监测仪设计:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2004
[43]施奕平.基于DSP的电能质量监测仪的研制:[硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学,2002
[44]张虎.电能质量综合测试仪的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学, 2002
[45]刘和平,王维俊,汪渝,邓力.TMS320LF240x DSP C语言开发应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[46][美]Texas Instruments Incorporated著,徐科军,张兴,肖本贤,吴婷编译.TMS320LF/LC24系列DSP的CPU与外设.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[47]周立功单片机.PHILIPS单片32位ARM微控制器-LPC2292/LPC2294.http://www.zlgmcu.com/philips/arm/lpc2292.asp
[48]童诗白.模拟电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,1998
[49]纪震,钟锦春,强乐.DSP系统入门与实践.北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[50]苏涛,蔡建龙,何学辉.DSP接口电路设计与编程.西安:电子科技大学出版社,2003
[51]余成波,杨菁,杨如民,周登义.数字信号处理及MATLAB实现.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
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