无线传感器网络的研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络是由大量随机分布的集成有传感器、数据处理单元和通信模块的微小节点组成,节点间通过自组织的方式构成网络,是一种大规模、无人值守、资源严格受限的分布系统。无线传感器网络具有广泛的应用前景,在环境保护如湖泊水质的环境监测中具有特殊的应用价值。
本文综合应用智能Agent与蚁群和PSO算法,实现了无线传感器网络路由的优化与维护,同时研究了与其相关的无线传感器网络服务质量QoS,并解决了无线传感器网络中节点定位问题。论文研究的主要内容为:
(1)综述了无线传感器网络的基本概况及发展现状,讨论了无线传感器网络的特点和关键技术,介绍了其应用及发展方向。接着重点分析了无线传感器网络的路由协议的相关工作,展望了有关技术的发展动态和最新成果,分析了有关路由算法的基本原理和应用,以及基于QoS的路由协议。对于在湖泊的环境监测中的应用,讨论了无线传感器网络的技术要求。接着综述了路由维护和节点定位的相关工作,建立了模拟环境。
(2)计算机网络协议中最重要的部分是路由协议,对于无线传感器网络,由于其自主分布和动态的特点,使得路由问题越加复杂,要使无线传感器网络成为满足一定网络服务质量要求的网络,就必须对路由策略进行深入的研究。第三章讨论了QoS度量值的含义,提出了综合QoS指标的计算方法,为采用Agent的基于QoS的智能路由优化算法提供了基础。接着详细设计了Agent的数据结构和行为动作,给出了基于Agent的路由算法,分别结合了蚁群算法和PSO算法,进行路由优化。通过对提出的路由算法的测试,表明算法是可行和有效的,能满足无线传感器网络的在湖泊环境监测中QoS需求,同时也能适应网络中节点的移动。
(3)网络维护是路由协议中非常重要的一个部分,特别对于由于节点失效和节点移动引起的网络拓扑结构变化的无线传感器网络。第四章利用Agent的动态特性,提出了基于随机移动Agent(RMA)的路由维护算法,从而在网络结构变化时保证网络较高的QoS水平。算法设计的RMA在网络中随机地移动,记录了有关的信息,这些信息中包含了用于路由维护的有效信息。实验表明基于随机移动Agent(RMA)的路由维护算法是有效的。
(4)对于不同无线传感器网络应用系统,节点定位有着不同的要求。第五章在深入分析了具有代表性的两种分布式的节点定位算法,从定位精度及能量消耗两个方面给出了分析结果,并在此基础上提出了改进的定位BB RP算法,同时推广应用在移动无线传感器网络中。仿真结果表明,BB RP算法虽然在定位精度略低于原有的算法,但是在能量消耗指标上有了较大的提高,使得无线传感器网络的生命周期延长。
Wireless Sensor Network is a micro-electro-mechanical system integrated digital electronics sensor nodes equipped with data processing and communication capabilities. These sensor nodes are randomly located in an area self—organized to be a network, which is essentially a large scale, and resource limited distributed system. Wireless sensor network is very challenging due to several characteristics that distinguish them from contemporary communication and wireless networks. Wireless Sensor Network has been widely used especially for environment protection, such as in Tai Lake water protection.
The main contents of this dissertation are following:
(1) An introduction of the fundamental knowledge and development of wireless sensor network is presented in the first chapter. The feature and key technology of the network, along with its application and future direction, is also discussed. Chapter two begins with the analysis of related works on the routing protocol of wireless sensor networks, and thus is lay out by the summarization of the lately development of related technologies and works. The routing algorithms for the network are also analyzed in their principles and applications followed by the discussion of the QoS based routing protocol. Aiming at the application of the wireless sensor network in the lake environment monitoring, we set forth the related works on the routing maintenances and node location, and thus establish a simulation environment at the end of this chapter.
(2)Routing protocol is the most important part in network protocols. For wireless sensor network, routing is more complex than other those in other networks, due to its dynamics and the demand of quality of service (QoS). In chapter three, the synthesis QoS metric is proposed which is the foundation of our proposed intelligent agent routing optimal optimization algorithm. For the purpose of using wireless sensor network in Taihu Lake protection project, a synthesis QoS metric is proposed. After the intelligent agent is designed for wireless sensor network routing, AC algorithm and PSO algorithm are used to optimize routing. With agent data structure and action detailed, a hybrid of Ant Colony algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are proposed to improve the agent routing schema. Experiment results show that these intelligent routing algorithms are effective and able to meet the needs of QoS demand for wireless sensor network.
(3)Route maintenance is a part in route protocol especially for wireless sensor network to cope with the varying network topology. The discovered path needs to be dynamically maintained for optimality in terms of a good QoS performance of wireless sensor network usage. The chapter four also gives a dynamic route maintenance method with random mobile agent (RMA) for mobile wireless sensor network routing with the feature of RMA employed. The scheme makes use of a RMA which travels through the network randomly, and collects some information as a travel record. This information contain effective route maintenance tip for routing path updates. Simulation results show that RMA help the routing protocol to notably increase some QoS metrics with improved route optimality.
(4)Node location is one of the hotspots in the research area of wireless sensor network. Since different application system has different request on node location, there are no best optimized node location algorithms. Two typical distributed node location algorithms were analyzed in this paper firstly and the analysis results of location precision and energy consumption are given, and thus a modified node location algorithm (known as BB_RP algorithm) was drawn out. By simulating test, we made a performance comparison for between BB_RP algorithm and the primary algorithms in terms of node location precision and energy consumption. The simulation results show that the node location precision of BB_RP algorithm is a little lower than primary algorithms, but it achieves a great improvement in energy consumption and a prolonged lifetime of wireless sensor network.
本文综合应用智能Agent与蚁群和PSO算法,实现了无线传感器网络路由的优化与维护,同时研究了与其相关的无线传感器网络服务质量QoS,并解决了无线传感器网络中节点定位问题。论文研究的主要内容为:
(1)综述了无线传感器网络的基本概况及发展现状,讨论了无线传感器网络的特点和关键技术,介绍了其应用及发展方向。接着重点分析了无线传感器网络的路由协议的相关工作,展望了有关技术的发展动态和最新成果,分析了有关路由算法的基本原理和应用,以及基于QoS的路由协议。对于在湖泊的环境监测中的应用,讨论了无线传感器网络的技术要求。接着综述了路由维护和节点定位的相关工作,建立了模拟环境。
(2)计算机网络协议中最重要的部分是路由协议,对于无线传感器网络,由于其自主分布和动态的特点,使得路由问题越加复杂,要使无线传感器网络成为满足一定网络服务质量要求的网络,就必须对路由策略进行深入的研究。第三章讨论了QoS度量值的含义,提出了综合QoS指标的计算方法,为采用Agent的基于QoS的智能路由优化算法提供了基础。接着详细设计了Agent的数据结构和行为动作,给出了基于Agent的路由算法,分别结合了蚁群算法和PSO算法,进行路由优化。通过对提出的路由算法的测试,表明算法是可行和有效的,能满足无线传感器网络的在湖泊环境监测中QoS需求,同时也能适应网络中节点的移动。
(3)网络维护是路由协议中非常重要的一个部分,特别对于由于节点失效和节点移动引起的网络拓扑结构变化的无线传感器网络。第四章利用Agent的动态特性,提出了基于随机移动Agent(RMA)的路由维护算法,从而在网络结构变化时保证网络较高的QoS水平。算法设计的RMA在网络中随机地移动,记录了有关的信息,这些信息中包含了用于路由维护的有效信息。实验表明基于随机移动Agent(RMA)的路由维护算法是有效的。
(4)对于不同无线传感器网络应用系统,节点定位有着不同的要求。第五章在深入分析了具有代表性的两种分布式的节点定位算法,从定位精度及能量消耗两个方面给出了分析结果,并在此基础上提出了改进的定位BB RP算法,同时推广应用在移动无线传感器网络中。仿真结果表明,BB RP算法虽然在定位精度略低于原有的算法,但是在能量消耗指标上有了较大的提高,使得无线传感器网络的生命周期延长。
Wireless Sensor Network is a micro-electro-mechanical system integrated digital electronics sensor nodes equipped with data processing and communication capabilities. These sensor nodes are randomly located in an area self—organized to be a network, which is essentially a large scale, and resource limited distributed system. Wireless sensor network is very challenging due to several characteristics that distinguish them from contemporary communication and wireless networks. Wireless Sensor Network has been widely used especially for environment protection, such as in Tai Lake water protection.
The main contents of this dissertation are following:
(1) An introduction of the fundamental knowledge and development of wireless sensor network is presented in the first chapter. The feature and key technology of the network, along with its application and future direction, is also discussed. Chapter two begins with the analysis of related works on the routing protocol of wireless sensor networks, and thus is lay out by the summarization of the lately development of related technologies and works. The routing algorithms for the network are also analyzed in their principles and applications followed by the discussion of the QoS based routing protocol. Aiming at the application of the wireless sensor network in the lake environment monitoring, we set forth the related works on the routing maintenances and node location, and thus establish a simulation environment at the end of this chapter.
(2)Routing protocol is the most important part in network protocols. For wireless sensor network, routing is more complex than other those in other networks, due to its dynamics and the demand of quality of service (QoS). In chapter three, the synthesis QoS metric is proposed which is the foundation of our proposed intelligent agent routing optimal optimization algorithm. For the purpose of using wireless sensor network in Taihu Lake protection project, a synthesis QoS metric is proposed. After the intelligent agent is designed for wireless sensor network routing, AC algorithm and PSO algorithm are used to optimize routing. With agent data structure and action detailed, a hybrid of Ant Colony algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm are proposed to improve the agent routing schema. Experiment results show that these intelligent routing algorithms are effective and able to meet the needs of QoS demand for wireless sensor network.
(3)Route maintenance is a part in route protocol especially for wireless sensor network to cope with the varying network topology. The discovered path needs to be dynamically maintained for optimality in terms of a good QoS performance of wireless sensor network usage. The chapter four also gives a dynamic route maintenance method with random mobile agent (RMA) for mobile wireless sensor network routing with the feature of RMA employed. The scheme makes use of a RMA which travels through the network randomly, and collects some information as a travel record. This information contain effective route maintenance tip for routing path updates. Simulation results show that RMA help the routing protocol to notably increase some QoS metrics with improved route optimality.
(4)Node location is one of the hotspots in the research area of wireless sensor network. Since different application system has different request on node location, there are no best optimized node location algorithms. Two typical distributed node location algorithms were analyzed in this paper firstly and the analysis results of location precision and energy consumption are given, and thus a modified node location algorithm (known as BB_RP algorithm) was drawn out. By simulating test, we made a performance comparison for between BB_RP algorithm and the primary algorithms in terms of node location precision and energy consumption. The simulation results show that the node location precision of BB_RP algorithm is a little lower than primary algorithms, but it achieves a great improvement in energy consumption and a prolonged lifetime of wireless sensor network.
引文
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