基于建筑场的城市住宅再生研究
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摘要
目前我国规模巨大的既有住宅已不同程度地出现结构老化、功能退化等问题，而新建住宅在数量上难以满足居民日益增长的居住需求，在可持续发展的背景下，住宅再生成为必要。
住宅再生，是对衰退的住宅系统采取的以提升住宅价值，满足居住需求为目标的工程活动，它包括三个层次的含义：以功能转换为核心的住宅改造；以文化内涵继承为前提的住宅重建；以激活、修复、生长为阶段的住宅更新。住宅再生研究已经取得丰富成果，但作为研究核心的住宅、环境、人相互作用问题，尤其是非接触条件下相互作用问题，却无法得以完满解决。场论的引入，能从场的角度出发，解决住宅与环境、住宅与人的相互作用问题，有效利用数学公式，客观决定参数，对这种相互作用进行度量。本文的研究内容与主要成果有：
（1）基于物理学场论的建筑场构成要素研究
从哲学角度出发，提出建筑场客观存在的假设，并借鉴物理学场论的研究成果，构建建筑场力分析框架，对商业项目的场力及影响因素进行相关性分析，实证建筑场场力公式，证明建筑场客观存在性的假设。进而重新诠释建筑场的定义，分析建筑场特征，并对建筑场构成要素：建筑场场力、场强、场势等理论问题进行探索性研究。
（2）住宅场力模型的建立及分析
以建筑场论为基础，提出住宅场的明确概念，分析住宅场的特征，提出住宅场力计算公式，建立影响指标体系，构建住宅场力数学模型。即以住宅性能V_i、住宅需求度D_j、距离R_(ij)、区域环境影响因子k这四个指标计算出住宅场力的大小，反映住宅与人相互作用的强弱程度。住宅的性能演变、空间演变、居住分异的产生，是在保证住宅场力大于1的约束条件下，各个因素相互作用的结果。
（3）基于住宅场力模型的住宅再生机理、基准、途径研究
住宅系统的衰退、老化，是时间作用下，场力不断递减的结果。通过一定的工程活动，提高k、V_i、D_j，减小R_(ij)，增加场力F_(ij)，可促进住宅再生。从住宅场力的值域出发，建立住宅再生的基准，从定量角度提出住宅再生四种途径：遗产保护、改造适应、修复加强、拆除重建，并分析住宅再生过程中来自社会场、经济场、心理场、管理场的调节机制，从实践操作层面为住宅再生的顺利实施提供保障。
（4）基于建筑场的住宅再生实证研究
以武汉市青山区特色街坊再生为例，通过16个街坊住宅性能、住宅需求度、居民一次性出行时间的调查，计算住宅场力，并根据计算结果，结合居民改造意愿调查，确定再生途径与方法，验证住宅场力模型构建的合理性。
At present, the high-speed growth of housing supply is hard to meet the increasinglyneeds of residences, however, the huge scale of existing house are in the plight of agingstructure and deteriorative function. In the context of sustainable development, thehousing regeneration becomes the necessity.
Housing regeneration is an engineering activity to promote the housing value andfulfill the people’s living demand with the systematic method. It includes the housingreconstruction with the core of function transform, the housing revive with the premise ofculture, the regeneration with the stage of revitalization, rehabilitation and growth. Theexisting studies of housing regeneration have already obtained abundant progress, but thecore of study, the interaction of housing, environment and people, is actually unable tosolve perfectly. It is necessary to introduce one kind of new theory which canfundamentally solve this interaction, can use the mathematical formula to measure thiskind of interaction effectively, that is the field theory. The contents are arranged asfollows:
(1) Research of architectural field elements based on field theory
From the view of philosophy, the assumption of existing architectural field is putforward, the analysis frame of architectural field is built based on the field theory. Thefield power and influencing factors are analyzed. The empirical study on the formula ofarchitectural field power shows the existing architectural field. The study builds thepreliminary framework of building field theory, defines the building field again, andanalyzes the characteristics. Building on the previous researches of other disciplines, thethree basic concepts in architectural field are defined, including architectural field power,field intensity and field potential energy.
(2) Establishment and analysis of housing field power model
Based on architectural field theory, the housing field power is formulated, the systemof influence indicators is also built in the foundation of housing field characteristic.According to the housing performance (V_i), housing demand (D_j), distance (R_(ij)) and theregion environmental effect factor (k), the power of architectural field can be calculated. The power can reflect the influence degree between housing and people. In the long term,the housing field power is the decreasing function of the time. The evolution of housingperformance, space distribution and residential differentiation is the result of theinteraction of the four factors guaranteed to field force larger than1.
(3) Research of urban housing regeneration mechanism, benchmark and ways basedon housing field power model
Under the influence of time and factors, the fading and aging of housing system arethe results of decrease of the field power constantly. Therefore, the project activity canpromote the housing regeneration through enhancing k,V_i,D_j, reducingR_(ij)andincreasingF_(ij). The benchmark of housing regeneration is also built from the value territoryof housing field power. There are four ways to promote housing regeneration, that is,inheritance protection, adaptable transformation, strongly repair and reconstruction. Theseways can provide the scientific basis for housing regeneration practice. The researchanalyzed the restraint mechanism of the government, market, society and technology inthe process of housing regeneration.
(4) Study on urban housing regeneration case
The case of characteristic neighbor regeneration in Qingshan of Wuhan is studied.Through the investigation16neighbors, the resident field power is calculated. Accordingto the neighbor questionnaires, the ways of housing regeneration are decided, the waysalso show the rationality of housing field power model.
住宅再生，是对衰退的住宅系统采取的以提升住宅价值，满足居住需求为目标的工程活动，它包括三个层次的含义：以功能转换为核心的住宅改造；以文化内涵继承为前提的住宅重建；以激活、修复、生长为阶段的住宅更新。住宅再生研究已经取得丰富成果，但作为研究核心的住宅、环境、人相互作用问题，尤其是非接触条件下相互作用问题，却无法得以完满解决。场论的引入，能从场的角度出发，解决住宅与环境、住宅与人的相互作用问题，有效利用数学公式，客观决定参数，对这种相互作用进行度量。本文的研究内容与主要成果有：
（1）基于物理学场论的建筑场构成要素研究
从哲学角度出发，提出建筑场客观存在的假设，并借鉴物理学场论的研究成果，构建建筑场力分析框架，对商业项目的场力及影响因素进行相关性分析，实证建筑场场力公式，证明建筑场客观存在性的假设。进而重新诠释建筑场的定义，分析建筑场特征，并对建筑场构成要素：建筑场场力、场强、场势等理论问题进行探索性研究。
（2）住宅场力模型的建立及分析
以建筑场论为基础，提出住宅场的明确概念，分析住宅场的特征，提出住宅场力计算公式，建立影响指标体系，构建住宅场力数学模型。即以住宅性能V_i、住宅需求度D_j、距离R_(ij)、区域环境影响因子k这四个指标计算出住宅场力的大小，反映住宅与人相互作用的强弱程度。住宅的性能演变、空间演变、居住分异的产生，是在保证住宅场力大于1的约束条件下，各个因素相互作用的结果。
（3）基于住宅场力模型的住宅再生机理、基准、途径研究
住宅系统的衰退、老化，是时间作用下，场力不断递减的结果。通过一定的工程活动，提高k、V_i、D_j，减小R_(ij)，增加场力F_(ij)，可促进住宅再生。从住宅场力的值域出发，建立住宅再生的基准，从定量角度提出住宅再生四种途径：遗产保护、改造适应、修复加强、拆除重建，并分析住宅再生过程中来自社会场、经济场、心理场、管理场的调节机制，从实践操作层面为住宅再生的顺利实施提供保障。
（4）基于建筑场的住宅再生实证研究
以武汉市青山区特色街坊再生为例，通过16个街坊住宅性能、住宅需求度、居民一次性出行时间的调查，计算住宅场力，并根据计算结果，结合居民改造意愿调查，确定再生途径与方法，验证住宅场力模型构建的合理性。
At present, the high-speed growth of housing supply is hard to meet the increasinglyneeds of residences, however, the huge scale of existing house are in the plight of agingstructure and deteriorative function. In the context of sustainable development, thehousing regeneration becomes the necessity.
Housing regeneration is an engineering activity to promote the housing value andfulfill the people’s living demand with the systematic method. It includes the housingreconstruction with the core of function transform, the housing revive with the premise ofculture, the regeneration with the stage of revitalization, rehabilitation and growth. Theexisting studies of housing regeneration have already obtained abundant progress, but thecore of study, the interaction of housing, environment and people, is actually unable tosolve perfectly. It is necessary to introduce one kind of new theory which canfundamentally solve this interaction, can use the mathematical formula to measure thiskind of interaction effectively, that is the field theory. The contents are arranged asfollows:
(1) Research of architectural field elements based on field theory
From the view of philosophy, the assumption of existing architectural field is putforward, the analysis frame of architectural field is built based on the field theory. Thefield power and influencing factors are analyzed. The empirical study on the formula ofarchitectural field power shows the existing architectural field. The study builds thepreliminary framework of building field theory, defines the building field again, andanalyzes the characteristics. Building on the previous researches of other disciplines, thethree basic concepts in architectural field are defined, including architectural field power,field intensity and field potential energy.
(2) Establishment and analysis of housing field power model
Based on architectural field theory, the housing field power is formulated, the systemof influence indicators is also built in the foundation of housing field characteristic.According to the housing performance (V_i), housing demand (D_j), distance (R_(ij)) and theregion environmental effect factor (k), the power of architectural field can be calculated. The power can reflect the influence degree between housing and people. In the long term,the housing field power is the decreasing function of the time. The evolution of housingperformance, space distribution and residential differentiation is the result of theinteraction of the four factors guaranteed to field force larger than1.
(3) Research of urban housing regeneration mechanism, benchmark and ways basedon housing field power model
Under the influence of time and factors, the fading and aging of housing system arethe results of decrease of the field power constantly. Therefore, the project activity canpromote the housing regeneration through enhancing k,V_i,D_j, reducingR_(ij)andincreasingF_(ij). The benchmark of housing regeneration is also built from the value territoryof housing field power. There are four ways to promote housing regeneration, that is,inheritance protection, adaptable transformation, strongly repair and reconstruction. Theseways can provide the scientific basis for housing regeneration practice. The researchanalyzed the restraint mechanism of the government, market, society and technology inthe process of housing regeneration.
(4) Study on urban housing regeneration case
The case of characteristic neighbor regeneration in Qingshan of Wuhan is studied.Through the investigation16neighbors, the resident field power is calculated. Accordingto the neighbor questionnaires, the ways of housing regeneration are decided, the waysalso show the rationality of housing field power model.
引文
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