菊花状ZnO纳米线簇的制备及其吸波性能研究
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摘要
低维ZnO基纳米材料以其卓越的磁光电性质和新颖的形态成为当今科学研究的一大热点,特别地,对具有较强电磁损耗特性的一维ZnO基纳米吸波材料的研究,不仅涉及到绿色生存空间和信息安全而且关系到国防安全,因而具有重要的科学价值与现实意义。
本文基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理计算方法,系统研究了ZnO体相材料和ZnO纳米线及其半导化掺杂和磁性掺杂体系的电子结构。结果表明,无论ZnO体相材料还是纳米线,Sb掺杂有效地增强了体系的导电能力,Mn掺杂有效地增大了体系的净磁矩;由于量子尺寸效应和表面效应,半导化掺杂纳米线中参与共有化运动的电子数量比相应体相材料要多,Mn、Co磁性掺杂纳米线中磁性元素的自旋极化及其与本征离子间耦合作用的强度、范围被一定程度地放大。
采用水热法,应用正交设计理论优化了制备菊花状ZnO纳米线簇的工艺参数。采用X射线衍射仪、X射线能量色散谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、微波网络矢量分析仪等手段对样品的成分、微观结构、形态、吸波性能等进行了分析表征,得出了菊花状ZnO纳米线簇的吸波性能与其形态密切相关的规律,并给出了菊花状ZnO纳米线簇的成核机理与生长机制。
在理论研究结果的指导下,结合制备菊花状ZnO纳米线簇优化的工艺参数,制备出了具有较好吸波性能的菊花状ZnO:Sb和ZnO:Mn纳米线簇。应用生长基元层状叠合模型解释了Sb掺杂条件下ZnO纳米线末端裸露六边形(0001)晶面的形成机理,并对由于Sb掺杂而引入的新的损耗机制进行了分析。同时,基于ZnO:Mn纳米线理论研究结论,结合F-center模型,提出了菊花状ZnO:Mn纳米线簇室温铁磁性来源的理论解释。测试表明,在Sb、Mn掺杂的菊花状ZnO纳米线簇/石蜡质量之比分别为1:4的条件下,3%Sb、Mn掺杂的反射损耗分别在16.55GHz和8.05GHz处取极值-18.48dB和-13.55dB。
采用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)辅助水热法,制备了具有较好吸波性能的菊花状ZnO纳米线簇,当PAM浓度与Zn~(2+)浓度之比为0.00005%时,在菊花状ZnO纳米线簇/石蜡质量之比为1:4的条件下,其反射损耗在13.5GHz处取极值-21.82dB。应用PAM电离吸附模型解释了不同浓度PAM对ZnO纳米线生长的影响机制,并应用竹笋模型解释了ZnO纳米线上的环状条纹的形成机理,得出了PAM能够诱导菊花状ZnO纳米线簇磁性的结论。
在分析菊花状ZnO:Sb、ZnO:Mn纳米线簇和PAM辅助制备的菊花状ZnO纳米线簇吸波特征的基础上,设计并制备出宽频强吸收吸波体,其反射损耗在14.65GHz处取极值-13.77dB,小于-10dB的吸收带宽为6.9GHz。
Due to predominant magnetic, optical and electrical properties, and novel morphologies, low dimensional ZnO-based nano-materials have been one of subject of extensive study at present. Especially, the good electromagnetic loss properties of one dimensional ZnO-based wave-absorbing nano-material makes it not only involved in green living space, but also related to information and national defense security. Therefore, the study of low dimensional ZnO-based nano-materials has significant scientific and practical value.
The electronic structures of bulk ZnO, ZnO nanowires, and semi-conductivity doped and magnetic doped ZnO system have been studied systematically by first-principles based on density-functional theory. The results show that the conductivity of all above is effectively enhanced by Sb doping, and the net magnetic moment of the ZnO system is also effectively increased by Mn doping. Meanwhile, owing to quantum size and surface effects, more electrons participate in shared motion in semi-conductivity doped nanowires than in the bulk. The spin polarization of magnetic elements in Mn or Co doped naonowires is enhanced, and also the coupling of intrinsic ions and magnetic elements is promoted.
The technological parameters for hydrothermal preparation of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters are optimized by orthogonal design principle. The sample's components, microstructures, morphologies and wave-absorbing properties are analyzed and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and microwave vector network analyzer. An important conclusion has been reached that the wave-absorbing properties of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters depend on their morphologies, and the nucleation and growth mechanism have been also proposed in the paper.
Based on the important conclusions of theoretic study, and combined with the optimized technological parameters for preparation of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters, chrysanthemum-like ZnO:Sb and ZnO:Mn nanowire clusters with good wave-absorbing properties have been prepared. The formation mechanism of hexagonal crystal face (0001) at the end of Sb-doped ZnO nanowires is explained by layered superposition model of growth units, and the new loss mechanism caused by Sb doping is also analyzed in the paper. Furthermore, based on the theoretic study of ZnO:Mn nanowires and F-center model, one theoretical interpretation of the magnetic source of chrysanthemum-like ZnO:Mn nanowire clusters in room temperature is proposed. The result shows that the extremum of reflection loss of 3% Sb doped chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters gets to -18.48dB at 16.55GHz, and 3% Mn doping is -13.55dB at 8.05GHz when the weight ratio of ZnO to paraffin is 1/4.
Chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters with good wave-absorbing properties have been prepared by PAM-assisted hydrothermal process. When the ratio of PAM concentration to Zn~(2+) concentration is 0.00005%, and the weight ratio of Chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowires clusters to paraffin is 1/4, the extremum of reflection loss gets to -21.82dB at 13.5GHz. The influence of different PAM concentration on the growth of ZnO nanowires is explained by PAM ionization and adsorption model, and the formation mechanism of ring stripes in the ZnO nanowires is also explained by bamboo shoot model. One conclusion that PAM induced the magnetic properties of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowires clusters is obtained.
A kind of absorber with broadband and strong absorption has been designed and prepared, based on the analysis and study of wave-absorbing properties of chrysanthemum-like ZnO:Sb, ZnO:Mn nanowire clusters and chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters prepared by PAM-assisted hydrothermal process. The extremum of reflection loss gets to -13.77dB at 14.65GHz, and the bandwidth covers 6.9GHz under -10dB.
本文基于密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理计算方法,系统研究了ZnO体相材料和ZnO纳米线及其半导化掺杂和磁性掺杂体系的电子结构。结果表明,无论ZnO体相材料还是纳米线,Sb掺杂有效地增强了体系的导电能力,Mn掺杂有效地增大了体系的净磁矩;由于量子尺寸效应和表面效应,半导化掺杂纳米线中参与共有化运动的电子数量比相应体相材料要多,Mn、Co磁性掺杂纳米线中磁性元素的自旋极化及其与本征离子间耦合作用的强度、范围被一定程度地放大。
采用水热法,应用正交设计理论优化了制备菊花状ZnO纳米线簇的工艺参数。采用X射线衍射仪、X射线能量色散谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、微波网络矢量分析仪等手段对样品的成分、微观结构、形态、吸波性能等进行了分析表征,得出了菊花状ZnO纳米线簇的吸波性能与其形态密切相关的规律,并给出了菊花状ZnO纳米线簇的成核机理与生长机制。
在理论研究结果的指导下,结合制备菊花状ZnO纳米线簇优化的工艺参数,制备出了具有较好吸波性能的菊花状ZnO:Sb和ZnO:Mn纳米线簇。应用生长基元层状叠合模型解释了Sb掺杂条件下ZnO纳米线末端裸露六边形(0001)晶面的形成机理,并对由于Sb掺杂而引入的新的损耗机制进行了分析。同时,基于ZnO:Mn纳米线理论研究结论,结合F-center模型,提出了菊花状ZnO:Mn纳米线簇室温铁磁性来源的理论解释。测试表明,在Sb、Mn掺杂的菊花状ZnO纳米线簇/石蜡质量之比分别为1:4的条件下,3%Sb、Mn掺杂的反射损耗分别在16.55GHz和8.05GHz处取极值-18.48dB和-13.55dB。
采用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)辅助水热法,制备了具有较好吸波性能的菊花状ZnO纳米线簇,当PAM浓度与Zn~(2+)浓度之比为0.00005%时,在菊花状ZnO纳米线簇/石蜡质量之比为1:4的条件下,其反射损耗在13.5GHz处取极值-21.82dB。应用PAM电离吸附模型解释了不同浓度PAM对ZnO纳米线生长的影响机制,并应用竹笋模型解释了ZnO纳米线上的环状条纹的形成机理,得出了PAM能够诱导菊花状ZnO纳米线簇磁性的结论。
在分析菊花状ZnO:Sb、ZnO:Mn纳米线簇和PAM辅助制备的菊花状ZnO纳米线簇吸波特征的基础上,设计并制备出宽频强吸收吸波体,其反射损耗在14.65GHz处取极值-13.77dB,小于-10dB的吸收带宽为6.9GHz。
Due to predominant magnetic, optical and electrical properties, and novel morphologies, low dimensional ZnO-based nano-materials have been one of subject of extensive study at present. Especially, the good electromagnetic loss properties of one dimensional ZnO-based wave-absorbing nano-material makes it not only involved in green living space, but also related to information and national defense security. Therefore, the study of low dimensional ZnO-based nano-materials has significant scientific and practical value.
The electronic structures of bulk ZnO, ZnO nanowires, and semi-conductivity doped and magnetic doped ZnO system have been studied systematically by first-principles based on density-functional theory. The results show that the conductivity of all above is effectively enhanced by Sb doping, and the net magnetic moment of the ZnO system is also effectively increased by Mn doping. Meanwhile, owing to quantum size and surface effects, more electrons participate in shared motion in semi-conductivity doped nanowires than in the bulk. The spin polarization of magnetic elements in Mn or Co doped naonowires is enhanced, and also the coupling of intrinsic ions and magnetic elements is promoted.
The technological parameters for hydrothermal preparation of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters are optimized by orthogonal design principle. The sample's components, microstructures, morphologies and wave-absorbing properties are analyzed and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and microwave vector network analyzer. An important conclusion has been reached that the wave-absorbing properties of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters depend on their morphologies, and the nucleation and growth mechanism have been also proposed in the paper.
Based on the important conclusions of theoretic study, and combined with the optimized technological parameters for preparation of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters, chrysanthemum-like ZnO:Sb and ZnO:Mn nanowire clusters with good wave-absorbing properties have been prepared. The formation mechanism of hexagonal crystal face (0001) at the end of Sb-doped ZnO nanowires is explained by layered superposition model of growth units, and the new loss mechanism caused by Sb doping is also analyzed in the paper. Furthermore, based on the theoretic study of ZnO:Mn nanowires and F-center model, one theoretical interpretation of the magnetic source of chrysanthemum-like ZnO:Mn nanowire clusters in room temperature is proposed. The result shows that the extremum of reflection loss of 3% Sb doped chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters gets to -18.48dB at 16.55GHz, and 3% Mn doping is -13.55dB at 8.05GHz when the weight ratio of ZnO to paraffin is 1/4.
Chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters with good wave-absorbing properties have been prepared by PAM-assisted hydrothermal process. When the ratio of PAM concentration to Zn~(2+) concentration is 0.00005%, and the weight ratio of Chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowires clusters to paraffin is 1/4, the extremum of reflection loss gets to -21.82dB at 13.5GHz. The influence of different PAM concentration on the growth of ZnO nanowires is explained by PAM ionization and adsorption model, and the formation mechanism of ring stripes in the ZnO nanowires is also explained by bamboo shoot model. One conclusion that PAM induced the magnetic properties of chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowires clusters is obtained.
A kind of absorber with broadband and strong absorption has been designed and prepared, based on the analysis and study of wave-absorbing properties of chrysanthemum-like ZnO:Sb, ZnO:Mn nanowire clusters and chrysanthemum-like ZnO nanowire clusters prepared by PAM-assisted hydrothermal process. The extremum of reflection loss gets to -13.77dB at 14.65GHz, and the bandwidth covers 6.9GHz under -10dB.
引文
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