3000吨级履带起重机下车结构设计研究
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摘要
履带起重机是当今石化建设、风电安装以及基础设施建设的重要起重设备,而下车结构是其主要组成部分,下车结构设计的优劣直接关系到整机的安全及性能。
本文以本课题组与徐工集团建设机械分公司合作设计研发的3000吨级履带起重机项目为背景,对此吨位级别的履带起重机下车结构进行设计研究,并对其中的铰耳销轴连接结构进行基于ANSYS的接触分析,后处理中观察冯氏应力的方法,找出各尺寸参数对应力的影响,以指导工程实际。目前国内对于如此超大吨位级别的履带起重机的设计研究尚属刚刚起步,产品皆处于试制阶段,还没有投入使用,对于下车结构的设计基本采用类比、仿制等手段,理论依据不足。因此对3000吨级履带起重机的下车结构设计研究是非常必要且有实际意义的。
(1)通过归纳、对比分析各吨位级别履带起重机的下车结构形式和优缺点,初步确定本机下车的结构形式,应用有限元软件ANSYS对下车结构进行计算,依据计算结果对下车结构进行改进,并最终确定下车结构设计方案。
(2)对于下车中应力较大并且十分重要的铰耳销轴连接结构,在ANSYS中单独建立实体模型,采用接触对儿连接,进行接触计算,然后在后处理中观察冯氏应力的方法分析,并与理论计算结果进行对比,同时改变各尺寸参数观察其对应力的影响,从而为实际设计提供理论依据和数据支持。
(3)基于C++语言,在Microsoft Visual Studio2005平台上,编写出对话框应用程序。可实现输入一定的参数后,自动调用ANSYS软件,进行铰耳销轴连接结构的建模、接触计算以及保存结果的功能。
总之,本文提出的下车设计方法已应用于实际的3000吨级履带起重机项目中,现该产品已进入生产制造阶段。本文为3000吨级履带起重机下车结构及铰耳销轴连接结构的设计奠定了良好的应用基础,并提供了有力的数据支持,具有很好的实际应用价值。
Crawler crane is one of the most significant lifting equipments in petrochemical construction, wind power installation and infrastructure construction. As a main component of crawler crane, the quality of design of crawler chassis is directly related to the safety and performance of the whole machine.
Based on the project of3000t crawler crane designed and manufactured by Dalian university of technology and Xuzhou Construction Machinery CO., LTD, structure of crawler chassis of3000t crawler crane is designed and researched in this paper. And in order to guiding engineering practice, a method that observing the stress computed by contacting analysis of ANSYS for the structure of spindle and hinge ears is used to identify the impact of the various parameters on the stress. Recently, for the domestic research on super great tonnage crawler crane is fresh and there is no product to use, copy and analogy methods which depend on experience are frequently used. Therefore, the design and research on crawler chassis of3000t crawler crane is very necessary and of great practical significance.
(1) According to inducting and comparing to structure form, advantage and disadvantage of some tonnage crawler crane, the structure form of3000t crawler crane is determined initially. Based on the analysis of ANSYS, the structure of crawler chassis is improved, and the conceptual design is proposed finally.
(2) For the important structure of spindle and hinge ears, a separate entity model which connected by some contacting elements is built and computed, then the stress is observed in postprocessor and compared with the result calculated by theory. In order to provide support of theory and data, the impact is researched when the parameter is changed.
(3) Based on C++language, a dialog-based program is designed on Microsoft Visual Studio2005. In this program, the model of structure of spindle and hinge ears can be built and computed automatically by ANSYS after some parameters inputted.
In short, the design method proposed in this paper is applied in the actual project of3000t crawler crane which is being manufactured now. In the meantime, an applied foundation is proposed for the design of structure of crawler chassis with vast value of actual application.
本文以本课题组与徐工集团建设机械分公司合作设计研发的3000吨级履带起重机项目为背景,对此吨位级别的履带起重机下车结构进行设计研究,并对其中的铰耳销轴连接结构进行基于ANSYS的接触分析,后处理中观察冯氏应力的方法,找出各尺寸参数对应力的影响,以指导工程实际。目前国内对于如此超大吨位级别的履带起重机的设计研究尚属刚刚起步,产品皆处于试制阶段,还没有投入使用,对于下车结构的设计基本采用类比、仿制等手段,理论依据不足。因此对3000吨级履带起重机的下车结构设计研究是非常必要且有实际意义的。
(1)通过归纳、对比分析各吨位级别履带起重机的下车结构形式和优缺点,初步确定本机下车的结构形式,应用有限元软件ANSYS对下车结构进行计算,依据计算结果对下车结构进行改进,并最终确定下车结构设计方案。
(2)对于下车中应力较大并且十分重要的铰耳销轴连接结构,在ANSYS中单独建立实体模型,采用接触对儿连接,进行接触计算,然后在后处理中观察冯氏应力的方法分析,并与理论计算结果进行对比,同时改变各尺寸参数观察其对应力的影响,从而为实际设计提供理论依据和数据支持。
(3)基于C++语言,在Microsoft Visual Studio2005平台上,编写出对话框应用程序。可实现输入一定的参数后,自动调用ANSYS软件,进行铰耳销轴连接结构的建模、接触计算以及保存结果的功能。
总之,本文提出的下车设计方法已应用于实际的3000吨级履带起重机项目中,现该产品已进入生产制造阶段。本文为3000吨级履带起重机下车结构及铰耳销轴连接结构的设计奠定了良好的应用基础,并提供了有力的数据支持,具有很好的实际应用价值。
Crawler crane is one of the most significant lifting equipments in petrochemical construction, wind power installation and infrastructure construction. As a main component of crawler crane, the quality of design of crawler chassis is directly related to the safety and performance of the whole machine.
Based on the project of3000t crawler crane designed and manufactured by Dalian university of technology and Xuzhou Construction Machinery CO., LTD, structure of crawler chassis of3000t crawler crane is designed and researched in this paper. And in order to guiding engineering practice, a method that observing the stress computed by contacting analysis of ANSYS for the structure of spindle and hinge ears is used to identify the impact of the various parameters on the stress. Recently, for the domestic research on super great tonnage crawler crane is fresh and there is no product to use, copy and analogy methods which depend on experience are frequently used. Therefore, the design and research on crawler chassis of3000t crawler crane is very necessary and of great practical significance.
(1) According to inducting and comparing to structure form, advantage and disadvantage of some tonnage crawler crane, the structure form of3000t crawler crane is determined initially. Based on the analysis of ANSYS, the structure of crawler chassis is improved, and the conceptual design is proposed finally.
(2) For the important structure of spindle and hinge ears, a separate entity model which connected by some contacting elements is built and computed, then the stress is observed in postprocessor and compared with the result calculated by theory. In order to provide support of theory and data, the impact is researched when the parameter is changed.
(3) Based on C++language, a dialog-based program is designed on Microsoft Visual Studio2005. In this program, the model of structure of spindle and hinge ears can be built and computed automatically by ANSYS after some parameters inputted.
In short, the design method proposed in this paper is applied in the actual project of3000t crawler crane which is being manufactured now. In the meantime, an applied foundation is proposed for the design of structure of crawler chassis with vast value of actual application.
引文
[1]王欣,高顺德,屈福政.国内外大型起重机的发展状况[J].北京：建筑机械,2005(2)：28-32.
[2]荀志国.履带起重机支重轮与履带板设计技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[3]Fisher J M, Thomass J. Design concepts for jib crane. Engineer Journal [J],2002, 39(2):74-85.
[4]Manitowoc's new lattice-boom crawler crane. Diesel Progress American Edition [J],1998, 64 (9):50.
[5]Gudkov Yu I,Akhmetiev A N, Korznikov E P. Load lifting capacity of crawler crane with tower-boom equipment during movement. Mechanical Engineering [J],1998,103(2):24.
[6]吴学松.中国吊装舞台上的履带起重机[J].建筑机械化,2007(7)：8-12.
[7]王凤萍,程磊,孙影.国内外履带式起重机的现状及发展趋势[J].工程机械,2006,37(4)：39-43.
[8]王晓鹏.立式切削中心——VT750结构整改分析与研究[D].北京：北京科技大学,2009.
[9]Saeed Moaveni. Finite Element Analysis-Theory and Application with ANSYS, Third Edition[M]. Pearson Education, Inc,2008.
[10]龚曙光,黄云清.有限元分析与ANSYS APDL编程及高级应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[11]张静.履带起重机臂架稳定性研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[12]李翠.巨型起重机金属结构动态特性研究[D].上海：同济大学,2009.
[13]沈昌武.履带起重机车架结构设计及有限元分析[J].北京：建设机械技术与管理,2010(5)：91-93.
[14]曹旭阳,王乾,王剑松.履带起重机模块化参数化设计技术[J].起重运输机械,2009(10)：28-31.
[15]Baldwin, Carliss. Y, Clark. The Power of Modu Larity[J]. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press,2000,25(2):312-334.
[16]Schilling, Melissa. A. Towards a general modular systems theory and its application to interfirm product modularity. Academy of Management Review [J],2000,25(2):312-334.
[17]梁玲,赵春章.中文版Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire2.0实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[18]程超,王丽娅,林华.履带起重机转台非线性有限元分析[J].建筑机械,2011(5)：86-88.
[19]陈猛.后湖斜拉桥钢管混凝土塔柱受力性能分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[20]易继军.T梁模板有限元分析及拓扑优化设计[D].长沙：长沙理工大学,2006.
[21]刘勇.基于ANSYS的大型履带起重机地基箱有限元分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2011(2)：42-43.
[22]白津泽,孙秦,郭英男.应用ANSYS进行复杂结构应力分析[J].机械科学与技术,2003,22(3)：441-445.
[23]徐彬,陈南,王辉.基于接触单元法的复杂机构有限元分析[J].东南大学学报,2009,39(3)：495-501.
[24]Matsuda, Tomoo. Rough terrain robot with 4 turn-over track frames:a feasibility study on the mechanism. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics [J],1999(4):842-847.
[25]Gianni Ferretti, Roberto Girelli. Modeling and simulation of an agricultural tracked vehicle[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,1999(36):139-158.
[26]成大先.机械设计手册[G].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[27]起重机设计规范(GB/T3811-2008)[S].北京：国家标准局,2008.
[28]王永强,孟广伟,丁美莲.大型履带起重机车架轻量化设计[J].建筑机械,2011(7)：88-91.
[29]K.L.Johnson接触力学[M].徐秉业,罗学富,刘信声等译.北京：高等教育出版社,1992.
[30]颜东煌,刘雪峰,田仲初.销轴连接结构的接触应力分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(1)：229-234.
[31]Muskhelishvlili.V.I. The fundamental general problem of theory of elasticity [J].3rd Edition.Moscow,1949(60):36-42.
[32]Gal in. L. A. Contact problem in the theory of elasticity [J]. Moscow,1953:12-24.
[33]Kaller. J. J. Three-dimensional elastic bodies in rolling contact [J]. Netherland: KluwerAcademic Publishers,1990:56-88.
[34]V. M. Fridman, V. S. Chernina. The Solution of the Contact Problem of Elastic Bodies By Mean of an Iteration Method [J]. Mechanika Tverdogo Tela Akademia Nauk SSSR 1, 2000(6):116-120.
[35]K. L. Johnson. The Effect of Tangential Contact Force upon the Rolling Motion of an Elastic Sphere on a Plane [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1958(25):339-346.
[36]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[37]王金诺,于兰峰.起重运输机金属结构[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2002.
[38]博弈创作室APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[39]龚曙光,谢桂兰ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[40]Craig Skibo, Marc Young, Brian Johnson. Working with Microsoft Visual Studio 2005[M]. Washington:Microsoft Corporation,2006.
[41]刘璟,周玉龙.高级语言C++程序设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[2]荀志国.履带起重机支重轮与履带板设计技术研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2007.
[3]Fisher J M, Thomass J. Design concepts for jib crane. Engineer Journal [J],2002, 39(2):74-85.
[4]Manitowoc's new lattice-boom crawler crane. Diesel Progress American Edition [J],1998, 64 (9):50.
[5]Gudkov Yu I,Akhmetiev A N, Korznikov E P. Load lifting capacity of crawler crane with tower-boom equipment during movement. Mechanical Engineering [J],1998,103(2):24.
[6]吴学松.中国吊装舞台上的履带起重机[J].建筑机械化,2007(7)：8-12.
[7]王凤萍,程磊,孙影.国内外履带式起重机的现状及发展趋势[J].工程机械,2006,37(4)：39-43.
[8]王晓鹏.立式切削中心——VT750结构整改分析与研究[D].北京：北京科技大学,2009.
[9]Saeed Moaveni. Finite Element Analysis-Theory and Application with ANSYS, Third Edition[M]. Pearson Education, Inc,2008.
[10]龚曙光,黄云清.有限元分析与ANSYS APDL编程及高级应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[11]张静.履带起重机臂架稳定性研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,2009.
[12]李翠.巨型起重机金属结构动态特性研究[D].上海：同济大学,2009.
[13]沈昌武.履带起重机车架结构设计及有限元分析[J].北京：建设机械技术与管理,2010(5)：91-93.
[14]曹旭阳,王乾,王剑松.履带起重机模块化参数化设计技术[J].起重运输机械,2009(10)：28-31.
[15]Baldwin, Carliss. Y, Clark. The Power of Modu Larity[J]. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press,2000,25(2):312-334.
[16]Schilling, Melissa. A. Towards a general modular systems theory and its application to interfirm product modularity. Academy of Management Review [J],2000,25(2):312-334.
[17]梁玲,赵春章.中文版Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire2.0实用教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006.
[18]程超,王丽娅,林华.履带起重机转台非线性有限元分析[J].建筑机械,2011(5)：86-88.
[19]陈猛.后湖斜拉桥钢管混凝土塔柱受力性能分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[20]易继军.T梁模板有限元分析及拓扑优化设计[D].长沙：长沙理工大学,2006.
[21]刘勇.基于ANSYS的大型履带起重机地基箱有限元分析[J].中国高新技术企业,2011(2)：42-43.
[22]白津泽,孙秦,郭英男.应用ANSYS进行复杂结构应力分析[J].机械科学与技术,2003,22(3)：441-445.
[23]徐彬,陈南,王辉.基于接触单元法的复杂机构有限元分析[J].东南大学学报,2009,39(3)：495-501.
[24]Matsuda, Tomoo. Rough terrain robot with 4 turn-over track frames:a feasibility study on the mechanism. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics [J],1999(4):842-847.
[25]Gianni Ferretti, Roberto Girelli. Modeling and simulation of an agricultural tracked vehicle[J]. Journal of Terramechanics,1999(36):139-158.
[26]成大先.机械设计手册[G].北京：化学工业出版社,2004.
[27]起重机设计规范(GB/T3811-2008)[S].北京：国家标准局,2008.
[28]王永强,孟广伟,丁美莲.大型履带起重机车架轻量化设计[J].建筑机械,2011(7)：88-91.
[29]K.L.Johnson接触力学[M].徐秉业,罗学富,刘信声等译.北京：高等教育出版社,1992.
[30]颜东煌,刘雪峰,田仲初.销轴连接结构的接触应力分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(1)：229-234.
[31]Muskhelishvlili.V.I. The fundamental general problem of theory of elasticity [J].3rd Edition.Moscow,1949(60):36-42.
[32]Gal in. L. A. Contact problem in the theory of elasticity [J]. Moscow,1953:12-24.
[33]Kaller. J. J. Three-dimensional elastic bodies in rolling contact [J]. Netherland: KluwerAcademic Publishers,1990:56-88.
[34]V. M. Fridman, V. S. Chernina. The Solution of the Contact Problem of Elastic Bodies By Mean of an Iteration Method [J]. Mechanika Tverdogo Tela Akademia Nauk SSSR 1, 2000(6):116-120.
[35]K. L. Johnson. The Effect of Tangential Contact Force upon the Rolling Motion of an Elastic Sphere on a Plane [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics,1958(25):339-346.
[36]刘鸿文.材料力学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.
[37]王金诺,于兰峰.起重运输机金属结构[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2002.
[38]博弈创作室APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2004.
[39]龚曙光,谢桂兰ANSYS操作命令与参数化编程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[40]Craig Skibo, Marc Young, Brian Johnson. Working with Microsoft Visual Studio 2005[M]. Washington:Microsoft Corporation,2006.
[41]刘璟,周玉龙.高级语言C++程序设计[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2004.