激光微多普勒效应的仿真与实验研究
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摘要
微多普勒效应在目标探测、识别中的应用潜力受到日益关注。激光雷达由于具有测量精度高、抗干扰能力强等优点在微多普勒效应探测方面具有很好的应用前景。本文在建立激光雷达微多普勒效应数学模型的基础上,利用VC++编制了软件对应用激光雷达进行振动目标微多普勒效应的探测进行了仿真,并建立了一套工作于光波段的微多普勒效应实验系统,进行了原理性实验研究。采用时频域联合分析的方法对仿真信号和实验信号进行了分析,通过对多种时频分析方法的比较表明,采用重排伪平滑Wigner分布得到的时频图像具有较为理想的时频特性,该方法适合于振动目标微多普勒信号的分析,从得到的时频图中可以提取出振动目标的某些特征,为实现目标识别奠定了基础。通过在时域和时频域内对仿真信号和实验信号的比较表明,我们建立的仿真数学模型能够较好地模拟出实际情况下振动目标的微多普勒信号,而且实验的结果与仿真的结果具有很好的符合,通过对实验结果与仿真结果的比较分析,验证了仿真模型的正确性。
There is a developing interest in the potential application of micro-Doppler effect for target detection and recognition. Laser radar have good application prospects in the detection of micro-Doppler effect for it’s high measurement precision and strong anti-interference ability. A mathematical model for the study of micro-Doppler effect in laser radar was built. Simulation for the detection of vibrating target induced micro-Doppler effect was conducted using a software which was designed using VC++. An experimental system for micro-Doppler effect study that was worked on optics waveband was designed and built, some fundamental experiments have been done. The simulated signal and the experimental signal was analyzed using a method of joint time-frequency analysis, through the comparison of several different time-frequency analysis methods, it was shown that the time-frequency image which was gotten by reassigned smoothing pseudo wigner distribution have much ideal time-frequency characteristics, this method is fit for the analysis of micro-Doppler signal induced by target vibration, some features of the vibrating target can be extracted from the time-frequency image, it laid the foundation for the achievement of target recognition. Through the comparison of the simulated signal and the experimental signal in time domain and in time-frequency domain, it was shown that our mathematical model can simulate the vibrating target induced micro-Doppler effect well, moreover, the experimental results are exactly accord with the simulated results, through the comparision of experimental results and simulated results, it confirms the validity of the model.
There is a developing interest in the potential application of micro-Doppler effect for target detection and recognition. Laser radar have good application prospects in the detection of micro-Doppler effect for it’s high measurement precision and strong anti-interference ability. A mathematical model for the study of micro-Doppler effect in laser radar was built. Simulation for the detection of vibrating target induced micro-Doppler effect was conducted using a software which was designed using VC++. An experimental system for micro-Doppler effect study that was worked on optics waveband was designed and built, some fundamental experiments have been done. The simulated signal and the experimental signal was analyzed using a method of joint time-frequency analysis, through the comparison of several different time-frequency analysis methods, it was shown that the time-frequency image which was gotten by reassigned smoothing pseudo wigner distribution have much ideal time-frequency characteristics, this method is fit for the analysis of micro-Doppler signal induced by target vibration, some features of the vibrating target can be extracted from the time-frequency image, it laid the foundation for the achievement of target recognition. Through the comparison of the simulated signal and the experimental signal in time domain and in time-frequency domain, it was shown that our mathematical model can simulate the vibrating target induced micro-Doppler effect well, moreover, the experimental results are exactly accord with the simulated results, through the comparision of experimental results and simulated results, it confirms the validity of the model.
引文
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[13] 亓洪兴,刘增东,江荣熙.一种利用Michelson-Morley动态干涉仪技术的多普勒调制器[J].烟台大学学报,2003(4):248~251.
[14] 刘增东,冯巍巍,刘美娟等. 一种新型的多普勒调制技术[J]. 红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):556~559.
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[18] J.Li, H.Ling, “Application of adaptive chirplet representation for ISAR feature extraction from targets with rotating parts” [J], IEE Proc. Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2003, 150(4): 284~291.
[19] Chengjie Cai, Weixian Liu, Fu J.S etal, “Empirical mode decomposition of micro-Doppler signature” [J], IEEE international radar conference, 2005,895~899.
[20] 张贤达,保铮. 《非平稳信号分析与处理》国防工业出版,1998
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[22] 刘东霞. 脉内调制信号的分析与自动识别. 西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2003.
[23] 胡劲松. 面向旋转机械故障诊断的经验模态分解时频分析方法及实验研究. 浙江大学博士学位论文. 2003
[24] F.Auger, “Improving the readability of time-frequency and time-scale representations by the reassignment method” [J], IEEE Transaction on signal processing,1995 , 43(5): 1068~1089
[25] Eugene F. Greneker, Jonathan L. Geisheimer, David Asbell, “Extraction of micro-Doppler data from vehicle targets at x-band frequency” [J], Proc.SPIE vol.4374:1~9.
[26] Eugene F. Greneker, Vincent B. Sylvester, “Use of envelope detection method to detect micro-Doppler” [J], Proc. SPIE vol.5077: 167~174.
[27] 胡昌华,周涛,夏启兵等,基于MATLAB 的系统分析与设计——时频分析,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002。
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[30] 杨国光. 《近代光学测试技术》浙江大学出版社 1997
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[32] 金国藩,李景镇. 《激光测量学》 科学出版社 1998
[33] 罗先和,张广军,骆飞等. 《光电检测技术》北京航空航天大学出版社 1995
[34] 亓洪兴. 导弹目标激光散斑特征提取的方法研究. 烟台大学硕士学位论文. 2004
[35](苏)巴伊鲍罗金,尚惠春等译. 《激光技术手册》 机械工业出版社 1986
[36] 张世萁,《自动测试系统》,电子科技大学出版社 1990
[37] HEWLETT, HP Standard Instrument Control Library Reference Manual,1996
[38] HEWLETT,HP Standard Instrument Control Library User’s Guide for windows,1996.
[39] 程佩青 数字信号处理教程 清华大学出版社 2001
[40] 杜振辉,陶知非,蒋诚志等,激光多普勒效应在地震波勘探中的应用研究,光电子 激光,2004,15(8):955~958.
[2] Mark R. Stevens, Magnus Snorrason, Daniel Petrovich, Laser vibrometry for target classification[J], Proc. SPIE 2002, Vol 4726:70~81.
[3] Victor C. Chen, Ronald D. Lipps. Time frequency signatures of micro-Doppler phenomenon for feature extraction[J]. Proc. SPIE 2000,Vol. 4056:220~226.
[4] Victor C. Chen. Analysis of radar micro-Doppler with time-frequency transform[J]. IEEE Statistical signal and array processing, 2000:463~ 466.
[5] Victor C. Chen, Li. F, Ho.S-S. Analysis of micro-Doppler signatures[J], Proc. SPIE 2003,150(4):220~226.
[6] Victor C. Chen, Micro-Doppler effect of micro-motion dynamics: a review[J]. Proc. SPIE .2003,Vol. 5102: 240~249.
[7] Victor C. Chen, Advanced synthetic aperture radar imaging and feature analysis[J]. Proceedings of the international radar conference, 2003:22~26.
[8] Victor C. Chen. Spatial and temporal independent component analysis of micro-Doppler features[J]. IEEE International Radar Conference, 2005. 348 ~ 353.
[9] T. Sparr, B.Krane. Micro-Dopler analysis of vibrating targets in SAR[J].IEE Proc-Radar, Sonar and Navigation. 2003,150(4):277~ 283.
[10] 陈行勇,黎湘,郭桂荣等. 基于旋翼微动雷达特征的空中目标识别[J]. 系统工程与电子技术,2006,28(3):372~375.
[11] 陈行勇,黎湘,姜斌. 基于微多普勒特征的空中目标识别[J].现代雷达,2006,28(10):30~33.
[12] 陈行勇,刘永祥,黎湘等. 微多普勒分析和参数估计[J].红外与毫米波学报,2006, 25(5):360~363.
[13] 亓洪兴,刘增东,江荣熙.一种利用Michelson-Morley动态干涉仪技术的多普勒调制器[J].烟台大学学报,2003(4):248~251.
[14] 刘增东,冯巍巍,刘美娟等. 一种新型的多普勒调制技术[J]. 红外与激光工程,2005,34(5):556~559.
[15] (英)特瑞恩著;王仕康译 《激光多普勒技术》 清华大学出版社 1985.
[16] Jiajin Lei, “Pattern recognition based on time-frequency distribution of radar micro-Doppler dynamics”, IEEE Proc. Sixth international conference on software engineering ,artificialintelligence ,networking and parallel/distributed computing, 2005, 14~18.
[17] Jiajin Lei, Chao Lu, “Target classification based on micro-Doppler signatures” [J] IEEE international radar conference, 2005, 179~183.
[18] J.Li, H.Ling, “Application of adaptive chirplet representation for ISAR feature extraction from targets with rotating parts” [J], IEE Proc. Radar, Sonar and Navigation, 2003, 150(4): 284~291.
[19] Chengjie Cai, Weixian Liu, Fu J.S etal, “Empirical mode decomposition of micro-Doppler signature” [J], IEEE international radar conference, 2005,895~899.
[20] 张贤达,保铮. 《非平稳信号分析与处理》国防工业出版,1998
[21] 张贤达. 《现代信号处理》. 北京:清华大学出版社,1995
[22] 刘东霞. 脉内调制信号的分析与自动识别. 西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2003.
[23] 胡劲松. 面向旋转机械故障诊断的经验模态分解时频分析方法及实验研究. 浙江大学博士学位论文. 2003
[24] F.Auger, “Improving the readability of time-frequency and time-scale representations by the reassignment method” [J], IEEE Transaction on signal processing,1995 , 43(5): 1068~1089
[25] Eugene F. Greneker, Jonathan L. Geisheimer, David Asbell, “Extraction of micro-Doppler data from vehicle targets at x-band frequency” [J], Proc.SPIE vol.4374:1~9.
[26] Eugene F. Greneker, Vincent B. Sylvester, “Use of envelope detection method to detect micro-Doppler” [J], Proc. SPIE vol.5077: 167~174.
[27] 胡昌华,周涛,夏启兵等,基于MATLAB 的系统分析与设计——时频分析,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002。
[28] F. Auger, P. Flandrin, P. Gongcalves etal, “Time-frequency toolbox reference guide”, CNRS(France), Rice University(USA), 1997.
[29] F. Auger, P. Flandrin, P. Gongcalves etal, “Time-frequency toolbox tutorial”, NRS(France), Rice University(USA), 1997.
[30] 杨国光. 《近代光学测试技术》浙江大学出版社 1997
[31] Tektronix TDS3000 series Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes Programmer Manual, 071-0381-01, 1999.
[32] 金国藩,李景镇. 《激光测量学》 科学出版社 1998
[33] 罗先和,张广军,骆飞等. 《光电检测技术》北京航空航天大学出版社 1995
[34] 亓洪兴. 导弹目标激光散斑特征提取的方法研究. 烟台大学硕士学位论文. 2004
[35](苏)巴伊鲍罗金,尚惠春等译. 《激光技术手册》 机械工业出版社 1986
[36] 张世萁,《自动测试系统》,电子科技大学出版社 1990
[37] HEWLETT, HP Standard Instrument Control Library Reference Manual,1996
[38] HEWLETT,HP Standard Instrument Control Library User’s Guide for windows,1996.
[39] 程佩青 数字信号处理教程 清华大学出版社 2001
[40] 杜振辉,陶知非,蒋诚志等,激光多普勒效应在地震波勘探中的应用研究,光电子 激光,2004,15(8):955~958.