基于副载波技术的高速数字光纤通信的研究
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摘要
光脉冲在光纤中传输特性的研究,具有重要的理论意义和广阔的应用前景。研究并理解决定光脉冲在单模光纤中传输的物理本质是设计光纤、设计与建设光纤通信网的最本质要素之一。在理解决定光脉冲在单模光纤中传输的物理本质的基础上,深入研究基于多波长副载波复用(SCM/WDM)技术的光纤通信系统。SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的最大优势是相应的射频技术比光技术成熟的多。射频振荡器的稳定性和射频领域中滤波器的选频性比相应的光学器件所对应的特性要好的多。射频振荡器的相位噪声低,使得相干检测在射频中比在光频中容易实现的多。
为了有效抑制SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中的群速度色散和非线性效应,利用SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中基带信号经过两次调制的特点,提出了一种在SCM/WDM系统中容易实现且行之有效的抑制载波的光学单边带调制技术。单边带调制技术可以有效地减小群速度色散对信号的劣化、增加系统的光谱利用率。抑制载波则可以减小调制器的外加电场、增大调制深度,同时可以消除因调制器电压的升高而激发的一系列有害的非线性效应,减小光纤中的各种非线性效应。搭建了10Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的实验平台,并对系统的性能进行了测试和评估。主要内容包括:
1.从经典电磁理论出发,深入研究单模光纤中群速度色散形成的机理与特性。论述了单信道光纤通信系统中比特率B、传输距离L、群速度色散之间的关系。从麦克斯韦方程组出发,引入非线性本构关系,得到了光脉冲在GVD、SPM和损耗影响下的演化方程——非线性薛定谔方程。利用非线性薛定谔方程详细讨论了光信号在非线性色散介质中的传输特性。
2.使用时频域联合分析法描述光脉冲在光纤中的非线性传输特性。分析结果表明,时频域联合分析法能够较为全面地描述光脉冲的信息,进而较为全面地描述光纤通信系统的性能。
3.详细讨论了SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的性能。在SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中由于各相邻射频信号的信道间隔非常窄,因而光纤的非线性效应对系统的影响较为严重,必须重点加以讨论。
4.利用SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中基带信号经过两次调制的特点,提出了一种容易实现且行之有效的抑制载波的光学单边带调制技术。单边带调制技术有效地减小了群速度色散对信号的劣化、增加了系统的光谱利用率。抑制载波技术增大了调制深度,同时消除了因调制器电压的升高而激发的一系列有害的非线性效应,减小了光纤中的各种非线性效应。
5.综合考虑GVD、PMD、XPM、FWM等效应对系统的影响,设置并优化了10Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的基本参数。依照设置的基本参数搭建了相应的实验平台并对系统的性能进行了测试和评估,测试结果与理论分析一致。
6.初步研究了40Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统。综合考虑GVD、PMD、XPM、FWM等效应对系统的影响,设计了40Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的基本参数。
The study of optical pulse propagation in optical fibers is interesting from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Understanding the physics behind the processes that determine the evolution of optical pulse in single-mode fibers is essential for the design and performance analysis of optical fiber communication systems. Based on the understanding, the performance of high-speed optical fiber transmission using sub-carrier multiplexing is investigated deeply. A significant advantage of SCM is that microwave devices are more mature than optical devices; the stability of a microwave oscillator and the frequency selectivity of a microwave filter are much better than their optical counterparts. In addition, the low phase noise of RF oscillators makes coherent detection in the RF domain easier than optical coherent detection.
In order to reduce the impact of fiber chromatic dispersion and nonlinear interference on SCM/WDM systems, a kind of facile carrier-suppressed optical single-side-band(SSB) modulation is used. Optical SSB modulation at the transmitter is employed to significantly decrease dispersion penalty and increase the optical bandwidth efficiency. Optical carrier suppression(CS) is applied to increase the modulation efficiency which can suppress nonlinear effect in optical fiber and eliminate intermodulation distortion which comes from nonlinear modulation characteristic of optoelectronic modulators simultaneously. A 10Gbit/s SCM test bed has been set up and the performance is investigated.
The details are described as follows:
1. Explore the formation mechanism and characteristic of group velocity dispersion(GVD) in single mode fiber from classical electromagnetism theory. The relations between GVD、bit rate and distance are presented. The optical pulse's evolution equation-Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation(NLSE) under the influence of GVD, SPM and loss is educed from Maxwell's equations with the introduction of non-linear constitutive relation. Then nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers is investigated through analyzing corresponding NLSE.
2. Analyze nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers using joint time-frequency (TF) representation. The TF representation is demonstrated to be an extremely powerful tool for investigating pulse propagation dynamics in optical fibers, providing a clearer and deeper insight into the physical phenomena that determine the behavior of these systems.
3. The performance of high-speed digital fiber-optic transmission using subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is investigated. For SCM/WDM system, the nonlinear interference between subcarrier channels is severe because the channel spacing is very narrow, nonlinear crosstalk must be considered.
4. In order to reduce the impact of fiber chromatic dispersion and nonlinear interference on SCM/WDM systems, a kind of facile carrier-suppressed optical single-side-band(SSB) modulation is used. Optical SSB modulation at the transmitter is employed to significantly decrease dispersion penalty and increase the optical bandwidth efficiency. Optical carrier suppression(CS) is applied to increase the modulation efficiency which can suppress nonlinear effect in optical fibers and eliminate intermodulation distortion which comes from nonlinear modulation characteristic of optoelectronic modulators.
5. In order to optimize the system performance, tradeoffs have been made between data rate per subcarrier, levels of modulation, channel spacing between subcarriers, optical power, and modulation indexes. A 10 Gbit/s SCM test bed has been set up and the performance is investigated. The measured results agree well with the analytical prediction.
6. Preview the system configurations of 40 Gbit/s digital optical transmission using SCM. The performance is investigated analytically. GVD、PMD、XPM、FWM on SCM/WDM systems are analyzed carefully and tradeoffs have been made between them.
为了有效抑制SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中的群速度色散和非线性效应,利用SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中基带信号经过两次调制的特点,提出了一种在SCM/WDM系统中容易实现且行之有效的抑制载波的光学单边带调制技术。单边带调制技术可以有效地减小群速度色散对信号的劣化、增加系统的光谱利用率。抑制载波则可以减小调制器的外加电场、增大调制深度,同时可以消除因调制器电压的升高而激发的一系列有害的非线性效应,减小光纤中的各种非线性效应。搭建了10Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的实验平台,并对系统的性能进行了测试和评估。主要内容包括:
1.从经典电磁理论出发,深入研究单模光纤中群速度色散形成的机理与特性。论述了单信道光纤通信系统中比特率B、传输距离L、群速度色散之间的关系。从麦克斯韦方程组出发,引入非线性本构关系,得到了光脉冲在GVD、SPM和损耗影响下的演化方程——非线性薛定谔方程。利用非线性薛定谔方程详细讨论了光信号在非线性色散介质中的传输特性。
2.使用时频域联合分析法描述光脉冲在光纤中的非线性传输特性。分析结果表明,时频域联合分析法能够较为全面地描述光脉冲的信息,进而较为全面地描述光纤通信系统的性能。
3.详细讨论了SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的性能。在SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中由于各相邻射频信号的信道间隔非常窄,因而光纤的非线性效应对系统的影响较为严重,必须重点加以讨论。
4.利用SCM/WDM光纤通信系统中基带信号经过两次调制的特点,提出了一种容易实现且行之有效的抑制载波的光学单边带调制技术。单边带调制技术有效地减小了群速度色散对信号的劣化、增加了系统的光谱利用率。抑制载波技术增大了调制深度,同时消除了因调制器电压的升高而激发的一系列有害的非线性效应,减小了光纤中的各种非线性效应。
5.综合考虑GVD、PMD、XPM、FWM等效应对系统的影响,设置并优化了10Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的基本参数。依照设置的基本参数搭建了相应的实验平台并对系统的性能进行了测试和评估,测试结果与理论分析一致。
6.初步研究了40Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统。综合考虑GVD、PMD、XPM、FWM等效应对系统的影响,设计了40Gbit/s SCM/WDM光纤通信系统的基本参数。
The study of optical pulse propagation in optical fibers is interesting from both fundamental and applied perspectives. Understanding the physics behind the processes that determine the evolution of optical pulse in single-mode fibers is essential for the design and performance analysis of optical fiber communication systems. Based on the understanding, the performance of high-speed optical fiber transmission using sub-carrier multiplexing is investigated deeply. A significant advantage of SCM is that microwave devices are more mature than optical devices; the stability of a microwave oscillator and the frequency selectivity of a microwave filter are much better than their optical counterparts. In addition, the low phase noise of RF oscillators makes coherent detection in the RF domain easier than optical coherent detection.
In order to reduce the impact of fiber chromatic dispersion and nonlinear interference on SCM/WDM systems, a kind of facile carrier-suppressed optical single-side-band(SSB) modulation is used. Optical SSB modulation at the transmitter is employed to significantly decrease dispersion penalty and increase the optical bandwidth efficiency. Optical carrier suppression(CS) is applied to increase the modulation efficiency which can suppress nonlinear effect in optical fiber and eliminate intermodulation distortion which comes from nonlinear modulation characteristic of optoelectronic modulators simultaneously. A 10Gbit/s SCM test bed has been set up and the performance is investigated.
The details are described as follows:
1. Explore the formation mechanism and characteristic of group velocity dispersion(GVD) in single mode fiber from classical electromagnetism theory. The relations between GVD、bit rate and distance are presented. The optical pulse's evolution equation-Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation(NLSE) under the influence of GVD, SPM and loss is educed from Maxwell's equations with the introduction of non-linear constitutive relation. Then nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers is investigated through analyzing corresponding NLSE.
2. Analyze nonlinear pulse propagation in optical fibers using joint time-frequency (TF) representation. The TF representation is demonstrated to be an extremely powerful tool for investigating pulse propagation dynamics in optical fibers, providing a clearer and deeper insight into the physical phenomena that determine the behavior of these systems.
3. The performance of high-speed digital fiber-optic transmission using subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) is investigated. For SCM/WDM system, the nonlinear interference between subcarrier channels is severe because the channel spacing is very narrow, nonlinear crosstalk must be considered.
4. In order to reduce the impact of fiber chromatic dispersion and nonlinear interference on SCM/WDM systems, a kind of facile carrier-suppressed optical single-side-band(SSB) modulation is used. Optical SSB modulation at the transmitter is employed to significantly decrease dispersion penalty and increase the optical bandwidth efficiency. Optical carrier suppression(CS) is applied to increase the modulation efficiency which can suppress nonlinear effect in optical fibers and eliminate intermodulation distortion which comes from nonlinear modulation characteristic of optoelectronic modulators.
5. In order to optimize the system performance, tradeoffs have been made between data rate per subcarrier, levels of modulation, channel spacing between subcarriers, optical power, and modulation indexes. A 10 Gbit/s SCM test bed has been set up and the performance is investigated. The measured results agree well with the analytical prediction.
6. Preview the system configurations of 40 Gbit/s digital optical transmission using SCM. The performance is investigated analytically. GVD、PMD、XPM、FWM on SCM/WDM systems are analyzed carefully and tradeoffs have been made between them.
引文
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[5.1]YD/T 5092-2000《长途光缆波分复用(WDM)传输系统工程设计暂行规定》
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