船舶自动识别系统（AIS）关键技术研究
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摘要
随着社会经济的快速发展,不断增长的船舶数量和交通密度严重影响着水域交通安全及海洋环境污染；频繁发生的海损事故,将会造成生命与财产的重大损失。船舶自动识别系统(AIS)是一种为了确保海上航行安全,能够实现船与船、船与岸之间的实时数据交换以及目标信息识别等功能的海上通信手段,随着A类和B类AIS在海上航行避碰、海事监管及船岸信息交换等方面的广泛运用以及星载AIS的出现,对其应用的相关系统性能研究变得越来越重要。
本文在“中央高校基本科研业务费青年骨干基金项目(编号：017166)”资助下,对AIS系统的通信性能、星载AIS应用的关键技术以及AIS与雷达信息融合等方面进行了深入研究,具体研究工作包括如下三方面：
对采用SOTDMA和CSTDMA协议的AIS网络通信性能、时隙冲突率、系统容量等进行理论分析,建立相关分析数学模型,并设计了基于VTS模拟船舶交通流的AIS通信性能仿真模型,结合VTS模拟器的实时交通数据流,对A类和B类AIS共存的海上AIS通信系统的性能进行仿真分析。
给出了基于A类AIS船舶的星载AIS接收观测模型,基于概率理论分析了星载AIS接收时隙冲突的概率,并给出了船舶检测概率公式；同时采用蒙特卡洛仿真方法对星载AIS接收时隙冲突进行了仿真,验证了所给出的星载AIS数学模型的正确性和可靠性。在以上分析的基础上给出了存在B类AIS信号干扰的环境下对A类船舶进行星载AIS信号检测的数学模型及修正模型。
给出了一种改进的基于模糊综合评判的AIS与雷达信息融合算法。该算法采用基于最小二乘法准则的时间校准方法,根据航迹关联中模糊因素的特点,采用柯西分布型函数作为隶属度函数,与其他模糊关联方法相比,该关联算法在计算复杂度和关联精度上均得到有效提高。在正确关联的基础上给出了最优加权与递推最小二乘法相结合的信息融合算法,并进行了工程上的验证。结果表明该方法能更加有效地进行AIS与雷达的信息融合。
With the rapid development of society and economic, the growing number of ships and traffic density have a serious impact on marine traffic safety and environment pollution. The marine accidents occur more and more frequently, which will result in a significant loss of life and property. AIS (automatic identification system) is a means of communication exchanging real-time data between ship and ship, ship and shore and it identifies target information which ensures the safety of maritime navigation at sea. With widespread application of the AIS on preventing collisions, maritime regulatory, information exchanging from ship to shore and other aspects at sea, application of Class B AIS impacting class A, appearance of spaceborne AIS and AIS information fusion technology are also becoming increasingly important in the future.
With the financial aid of "Central Universities Basic Research Funds for Youth backbone Fund (ID:017166)", this paper studies communication performance of the AIS (automatic identification system), key technologies of spaceborne AIS application and information fusion of AIS and radar etc.The specific research work includes the following aspects.
This paper makes oretical analysis on the network communication performance, slot collision rate, system capacity while AIS using SOTDMA and CSTDMA agreement, and builds mathematical analysis model and designs AIS communication performance simulation model based on the simulated VTS vessel traffic flow. This paper makes simulation analysis on performance of communication systems which includes both AIS Class A and Class B combined with the VTS simulator real-time traffic data flow.
This paper proposes space-based AIS observation model based on the ships with AIS Class A and analyses the slot conflict probability of spaceborne AIS receiver based on probability theory and figure out the ship detection probability formula. Then it analyses the slot conflict probability of spaceborne AIS receiver using the monte carlo simulation method to verify the correctness and reliability of the proposed spaceborne AIS mathematical model.Then this paper proposes mathematical and correction model while the class A ships is detectting the spaceborne AIS signal in the situation that exists Class B AIS signal interference based on the basis of the above analysis.
And this paper proposes an improved AIS and radar information fusion algorithm based on fuzzy correlation evaluation. The algorithm uses the time calibration algorithm based on least squares criterion. According to the characteristics of fuzzy factors in track correlation this paper chooses cauchy distribution function as a function of the degree of membership which is more flexible than normal and ridge distribution. Compared with other fuzzy association, the correlation algorithms improve effectively in computational complexity and the associated accuracy. On the premise of correct association this paper proposes the multi-sensor information fusion algorithm on the basis of the optimal weight stacking and recursive least square algorithm. This achieves AIS and radar information fusion algorithm with high accuracy and robustness. Then verify the algorithm on the project.The results show that the proposed method can fuse AIS and radar information more effectively.
本文在“中央高校基本科研业务费青年骨干基金项目(编号：017166)”资助下,对AIS系统的通信性能、星载AIS应用的关键技术以及AIS与雷达信息融合等方面进行了深入研究,具体研究工作包括如下三方面：
对采用SOTDMA和CSTDMA协议的AIS网络通信性能、时隙冲突率、系统容量等进行理论分析,建立相关分析数学模型,并设计了基于VTS模拟船舶交通流的AIS通信性能仿真模型,结合VTS模拟器的实时交通数据流,对A类和B类AIS共存的海上AIS通信系统的性能进行仿真分析。
给出了基于A类AIS船舶的星载AIS接收观测模型,基于概率理论分析了星载AIS接收时隙冲突的概率,并给出了船舶检测概率公式；同时采用蒙特卡洛仿真方法对星载AIS接收时隙冲突进行了仿真,验证了所给出的星载AIS数学模型的正确性和可靠性。在以上分析的基础上给出了存在B类AIS信号干扰的环境下对A类船舶进行星载AIS信号检测的数学模型及修正模型。
给出了一种改进的基于模糊综合评判的AIS与雷达信息融合算法。该算法采用基于最小二乘法准则的时间校准方法,根据航迹关联中模糊因素的特点,采用柯西分布型函数作为隶属度函数,与其他模糊关联方法相比,该关联算法在计算复杂度和关联精度上均得到有效提高。在正确关联的基础上给出了最优加权与递推最小二乘法相结合的信息融合算法,并进行了工程上的验证。结果表明该方法能更加有效地进行AIS与雷达的信息融合。
With the rapid development of society and economic, the growing number of ships and traffic density have a serious impact on marine traffic safety and environment pollution. The marine accidents occur more and more frequently, which will result in a significant loss of life and property. AIS (automatic identification system) is a means of communication exchanging real-time data between ship and ship, ship and shore and it identifies target information which ensures the safety of maritime navigation at sea. With widespread application of the AIS on preventing collisions, maritime regulatory, information exchanging from ship to shore and other aspects at sea, application of Class B AIS impacting class A, appearance of spaceborne AIS and AIS information fusion technology are also becoming increasingly important in the future.
With the financial aid of "Central Universities Basic Research Funds for Youth backbone Fund (ID:017166)", this paper studies communication performance of the AIS (automatic identification system), key technologies of spaceborne AIS application and information fusion of AIS and radar etc.The specific research work includes the following aspects.
This paper makes oretical analysis on the network communication performance, slot collision rate, system capacity while AIS using SOTDMA and CSTDMA agreement, and builds mathematical analysis model and designs AIS communication performance simulation model based on the simulated VTS vessel traffic flow. This paper makes simulation analysis on performance of communication systems which includes both AIS Class A and Class B combined with the VTS simulator real-time traffic data flow.
This paper proposes space-based AIS observation model based on the ships with AIS Class A and analyses the slot conflict probability of spaceborne AIS receiver based on probability theory and figure out the ship detection probability formula. Then it analyses the slot conflict probability of spaceborne AIS receiver using the monte carlo simulation method to verify the correctness and reliability of the proposed spaceborne AIS mathematical model.Then this paper proposes mathematical and correction model while the class A ships is detectting the spaceborne AIS signal in the situation that exists Class B AIS signal interference based on the basis of the above analysis.
And this paper proposes an improved AIS and radar information fusion algorithm based on fuzzy correlation evaluation. The algorithm uses the time calibration algorithm based on least squares criterion. According to the characteristics of fuzzy factors in track correlation this paper chooses cauchy distribution function as a function of the degree of membership which is more flexible than normal and ridge distribution. Compared with other fuzzy association, the correlation algorithms improve effectively in computational complexity and the associated accuracy. On the premise of correct association this paper proposes the multi-sensor information fusion algorithm on the basis of the optimal weight stacking and recursive least square algorithm. This achieves AIS and radar information fusion algorithm with high accuracy and robustness. Then verify the algorithm on the project.The results show that the proposed method can fuse AIS and radar information more effectively.
引文
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