分布式仿真系统动态重构技术研究
|
摘要
分布式仿真技术应用领域和规模的不断扩大,对仿真系统的互操作能力和适应性提出了新的挑战。分布式仿真动态重构是在运行过程中按需对仿真进行在线调整的一种支持技术,其研究对于提高仿真系统的适应性、提升仿真在关键领域的应用层次具有重要价值,并已成为相关领域研究的前沿问题之一。论文从基本概念、体系结构、建模方法和设计实现等方面对分布式仿真动态重构的相关技术进行了系统的研究。
论文从建模与仿真方法学的角度,利用动态系统层次描述规范和实体空间的概念,对仿真重构的内在本质进行了系统阐述,明确了模型语义对于仿真重构研究的重要性。为提供通用性的重构方法,论文以离散事件系统规范(Discrete EventSystem Specification,DEVS)作为系统描述的模型规范,提出了一种基于DEVS组件的可重构建模与仿真框架,该框架以具有反射能力的动态结构模型和调控机制作为仿真重构的实现技术。
根据时间相关系统语义描述的基本理论,论文提出了DEVS模型的时间迹语义定义,并建立了时间转移系统(Timed Transition System,TTS)形式的DEVS语义描述方法。为提升DEVS模型的语义描述层次,进一步提出了DEVS向时间自动机(Timed Amomam,TA)模型的语义等价转换方法,从而可以利用时间自动机语义的时态逻辑校验方法对DEVS模型的语义验证问题进行研究。这些研究解决了现有非形式化的DEVS语义模型不利于进行语义性质定义和验证的问题。
动态结构模型是仿真重构动作实施的依据。论文通过扩展并行DEVS模型,建立了具有分布-集中式反射能力的动态结构模型PVDSDE,该模型保持了并行DEVS模型的状态迁移结构和过程,并增加了原子及耦合模型层次的结构迁移元素和执行协议;此外,该模型满足耦合封闭性,能够支持组合式的仿真。
论文对PVDSDE模型的实现机制进行了研究。对其在分布仿真支撑平台上的不同实现模式进行了对比分析,提出了扁平模式的PVDSDE/HLA仿真结构框架及调度机制;针对该实现模式下的时间管理问题,提出了一种映射式的时间推进算法,并通过实验验证了其推进效率的有效性。
在仿真执行模式方面,论文对支持多剧情并发运行的分布仿真克隆技术进行了研究。将仿真克隆技术与动态结构模型相结合,实现了多剧情的并发仿真重构,从而为提高仿真执行效率及进行在线决策仿真提供了一种有效的执行手段。论文对HLA仿真克隆的体系结构和剧情区分算法进行了深入探讨,测试并分析了不同剧情区分算法对不同实现方案的适用性,并提出了基于挂接机制的仿真克隆中间件和松耦合成员体系结构的实现机制。实验结果表明,分布仿真克隆技术能够显著地提高仿真系统的运行性能。
在分布仿真重构关键技术研究的基础上,论文利用模型集成计算(ModelIntegrated Computing,MIC)的方法,设计并实现了DEVS可重构仿真开发环境的原型系统。该系统支持模型驱动的仿真开发模式,并对调度器、适配器和仿真克隆工具等通用模块进行了详细设计和封装。通过该原型系统在XX对抗仿真系统的应用,验证了本文所进行的仿真重构技术研究工作的可行性。
With increasing application domain and scale of distributed simulation technology, new challenges emerge in simulation interoperability and adaptability. Dynamic reconfiguration is a kind of technique which can support adapting simulation executive online. It is valuable to improve simulation flexibility and promote simulation application level in critical occasions. The research in this direction has been a frontier issue in current modeling and simulation region. In this research effort, we study this problem from four aspects: basic concept, system architecture, modeling method and realization mechanism.
From the viewpoint of modeling and simulation methodology, internal nature of simulation reconfiguration is illustrated with the concepts of dynamic system level specification and entity space. In the illustration, the importance of model semantic for simulation reconfiguration research is clear. To provide general approach of simulation dynamic reconfiguration, Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) is selected as the model specification for system description and a reconfigurable modeling and simulation framework for DEVS components is proposed. Within this framework, reflective dynamic structure model and control mechanisms constitue the critical technologies needed to be developed for simulation reconfiguration.
Based on the fundamental semantic description theory of timed relative system, we propose a formal timed trajectory semantic definition for DEVS model and a method to describe it with Timed Transition System (TTS). Furthermore, to improve the semantic descriptive level of DEVS models, an equivalent semantic transformation from DEVS to Timed Automata (TA) is proposed. Then, semantic property of a DEVS model can be validated by applying temporal logic checking to its semantic equivalent TA model.
Dynamic structure model is the basis for performing simulation reconfiguration activity. By extending parallel DEVS specification, we build a distributed-centralized reflective dynamic structure model called PVDSDE. This model preservs state transition structure and protocol of traditional parallel DEVS model, and also adds structure transition elements and protocols in both atomic and coupled model levels. Moreover, the model has the character of closure under coupling and can satisfy the requirements of composable simulation.
The simulation realization mechanism of PVDSDE is studied in this dissertation. After comparing and analyzing several realization modes for running PVDSDE on distributed simulation platforms, we propose a flat structural framework and scheduling mechanism for executing PVDSDE models in High Level Architecture (HLA) simulation environment. For the time management issue in PVDSDE/HLA, we introduce a mapping time advancing algorithm, the effectiveness of which is validated through real experiments.
As for simulation execution modes, distributed simulation cloning technique is studied, which can support performing concurrent multiple simulation scenarios in one same execution. We implement the concurrent reconfiguration of multiple scenarios simultaneously through combing simulation cloning with dynamic structural models. It improves the efficiency of simulation execution and also provides an effective running mode for implementing online-decision. The architectures and scenario partition algorithms of HLA simulation cloning are dicussed thoroughly in this research. Applicabilities of different scenario partition algorithms for different architectures are also tested and analyzed. Moreover, an articulated simulation cloning middleware and a loosely coupled federate architecture are proposed for cloning realization. Through real experiments, it is found that distributed simulation cloning technique can improve simulation executive performance evidently.
Based on critical technologies studied above, we developed a prototype of reconfigurable simulation system development with the Modeling Integrated Computing (MIC) method. The prototype supports model driven development and encapsulates some general modules, such as scheduler, adapter, cloning middleware etc. In the end, the feasibility of this research effort is validated through a concrete application of the prototype in XX countermeasure simulation.
论文从建模与仿真方法学的角度,利用动态系统层次描述规范和实体空间的概念,对仿真重构的内在本质进行了系统阐述,明确了模型语义对于仿真重构研究的重要性。为提供通用性的重构方法,论文以离散事件系统规范(Discrete EventSystem Specification,DEVS)作为系统描述的模型规范,提出了一种基于DEVS组件的可重构建模与仿真框架,该框架以具有反射能力的动态结构模型和调控机制作为仿真重构的实现技术。
根据时间相关系统语义描述的基本理论,论文提出了DEVS模型的时间迹语义定义,并建立了时间转移系统(Timed Transition System,TTS)形式的DEVS语义描述方法。为提升DEVS模型的语义描述层次,进一步提出了DEVS向时间自动机(Timed Amomam,TA)模型的语义等价转换方法,从而可以利用时间自动机语义的时态逻辑校验方法对DEVS模型的语义验证问题进行研究。这些研究解决了现有非形式化的DEVS语义模型不利于进行语义性质定义和验证的问题。
动态结构模型是仿真重构动作实施的依据。论文通过扩展并行DEVS模型,建立了具有分布-集中式反射能力的动态结构模型PVDSDE,该模型保持了并行DEVS模型的状态迁移结构和过程,并增加了原子及耦合模型层次的结构迁移元素和执行协议;此外,该模型满足耦合封闭性,能够支持组合式的仿真。
论文对PVDSDE模型的实现机制进行了研究。对其在分布仿真支撑平台上的不同实现模式进行了对比分析,提出了扁平模式的PVDSDE/HLA仿真结构框架及调度机制;针对该实现模式下的时间管理问题,提出了一种映射式的时间推进算法,并通过实验验证了其推进效率的有效性。
在仿真执行模式方面,论文对支持多剧情并发运行的分布仿真克隆技术进行了研究。将仿真克隆技术与动态结构模型相结合,实现了多剧情的并发仿真重构,从而为提高仿真执行效率及进行在线决策仿真提供了一种有效的执行手段。论文对HLA仿真克隆的体系结构和剧情区分算法进行了深入探讨,测试并分析了不同剧情区分算法对不同实现方案的适用性,并提出了基于挂接机制的仿真克隆中间件和松耦合成员体系结构的实现机制。实验结果表明,分布仿真克隆技术能够显著地提高仿真系统的运行性能。
在分布仿真重构关键技术研究的基础上,论文利用模型集成计算(ModelIntegrated Computing,MIC)的方法,设计并实现了DEVS可重构仿真开发环境的原型系统。该系统支持模型驱动的仿真开发模式,并对调度器、适配器和仿真克隆工具等通用模块进行了详细设计和封装。通过该原型系统在XX对抗仿真系统的应用,验证了本文所进行的仿真重构技术研究工作的可行性。
With increasing application domain and scale of distributed simulation technology, new challenges emerge in simulation interoperability and adaptability. Dynamic reconfiguration is a kind of technique which can support adapting simulation executive online. It is valuable to improve simulation flexibility and promote simulation application level in critical occasions. The research in this direction has been a frontier issue in current modeling and simulation region. In this research effort, we study this problem from four aspects: basic concept, system architecture, modeling method and realization mechanism.
From the viewpoint of modeling and simulation methodology, internal nature of simulation reconfiguration is illustrated with the concepts of dynamic system level specification and entity space. In the illustration, the importance of model semantic for simulation reconfiguration research is clear. To provide general approach of simulation dynamic reconfiguration, Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) is selected as the model specification for system description and a reconfigurable modeling and simulation framework for DEVS components is proposed. Within this framework, reflective dynamic structure model and control mechanisms constitue the critical technologies needed to be developed for simulation reconfiguration.
Based on the fundamental semantic description theory of timed relative system, we propose a formal timed trajectory semantic definition for DEVS model and a method to describe it with Timed Transition System (TTS). Furthermore, to improve the semantic descriptive level of DEVS models, an equivalent semantic transformation from DEVS to Timed Automata (TA) is proposed. Then, semantic property of a DEVS model can be validated by applying temporal logic checking to its semantic equivalent TA model.
Dynamic structure model is the basis for performing simulation reconfiguration activity. By extending parallel DEVS specification, we build a distributed-centralized reflective dynamic structure model called PVDSDE. This model preservs state transition structure and protocol of traditional parallel DEVS model, and also adds structure transition elements and protocols in both atomic and coupled model levels. Moreover, the model has the character of closure under coupling and can satisfy the requirements of composable simulation.
The simulation realization mechanism of PVDSDE is studied in this dissertation. After comparing and analyzing several realization modes for running PVDSDE on distributed simulation platforms, we propose a flat structural framework and scheduling mechanism for executing PVDSDE models in High Level Architecture (HLA) simulation environment. For the time management issue in PVDSDE/HLA, we introduce a mapping time advancing algorithm, the effectiveness of which is validated through real experiments.
As for simulation execution modes, distributed simulation cloning technique is studied, which can support performing concurrent multiple simulation scenarios in one same execution. We implement the concurrent reconfiguration of multiple scenarios simultaneously through combing simulation cloning with dynamic structural models. It improves the efficiency of simulation execution and also provides an effective running mode for implementing online-decision. The architectures and scenario partition algorithms of HLA simulation cloning are dicussed thoroughly in this research. Applicabilities of different scenario partition algorithms for different architectures are also tested and analyzed. Moreover, an articulated simulation cloning middleware and a loosely coupled federate architecture are proposed for cloning realization. Through real experiments, it is found that distributed simulation cloning technique can improve simulation executive performance evidently.
Based on critical technologies studied above, we developed a prototype of reconfigurable simulation system development with the Modeling Integrated Computing (MIC) method. The prototype supports model driven development and encapsulates some general modules, such as scheduler, adapter, cloning middleware etc. In the end, the feasibility of this research effort is validated through a concrete application of the prototype in XX countermeasure simulation.
引文
[1]黄柯棣,张金槐,查亚兵等.系统仿真技术[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998.
[2]胡晓峰,司光亚,张国春等.战争复杂系统建模与仿真[M].北京:国防大学出版社,2005.
[3]李伯虎,柴旭东,毛媛.现代仿真技术发展中的两个热点-ADS,SBA[J].系统仿真学报,2001,13(1):101-105.
[4]Locke J.An Introduction to the Intemet Networking Environment and SIMNET/DIS[R].Naval Postgraduate School,1993.
[5]IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation Application Protocols.Std.1278.1a-1998[S].1998.
[6]Weatherly R.M.,Wilson A.L.and Canova B.S.Advanced Distributed Simulation through the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol[C].Wailea,Hawaii.1996.
[7]IEEE Std 1516-2000,IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation(M&S) High Level Architecture(HLA)-Framework and Rules[S].SISC of the IEEE Computer Society.2000.
[8]IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation(M&S) High Level Architecture-Object Model Template Specification[S].IEEE Std 1516.2-2000,Sep.2000.
[9]DMSO.Modeling and Simulation(M&S) Master Plan[R].Dept.of Defense.1995.
[10]Brutzman D.,Zyda M.,Pullen J.M.and Morse K.L.Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework(XMSF):Challenges for Web-Based Modeling and Simulation[R].Naval Postgraduate School,Monterey,CA,2002.
[11]Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization(SISO)/ Society for Modeling and Simulation(SCS) Panel Discussion on Priorities for M&S Standards[C].IEEE Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop.Orlando,Florida,March 2003.
[12]Tolk,A.,Diallo,S.and Turnitsa C.Data,Models,Federations,Common Reference Models,and Model Theory,European Simulation Interoperability Workshop,Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization,ACM CS Press.2007.
[13]Zeigler B.P.and Hammonds P.E.Modeling&Simulation-Based Data Engineering:Introducing Pragmatics into Ontologies for Net-Centric Information Exchange [M].Academic Press,2007.
[14]Page E.H.,Briggs R.and Tufarolo J.A.Toward A Family of Maturity Models for the Simulation Interconnection Problem[C].Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2004.
[15]Petty M.D.and Weisel E.W.A Composability Lexicon[C].Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop,Orlando FL.pp.181-187,2003.
[16]James A.and Muguira A.Applying a Methodology to Identify Structural Variances in Interoperations[J].JDMS:The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation:Applications,Methodology,Technology,2006,3(2):77-93.
[17]Turner S.Technological Challenges for Large-Scale Distributed Simulation.Seminar of Grand Challenges for Modeling and Simulation[C].Dagstuhl,Germany,2002.
[18]Schantz R.E.and Schmidt D.C.Middleware for Distributed Systems:Evolving the Common Structure for Network-centric Applications[M].New York:Wiley &Sons,2002.
[19]窦蕾.面向构件的复杂软件系统中动态配置技术的研究[D].工学博士学位论文,国防科学技术大学研究生院,2005.
[20]Hoare C.Communicating Sequential Processes[M].Prentice Hall,1985.
[21]Bruns G.Distributed Systems Analysis with CCS[M].Prentice hall Europe,1997.
[22]Khare R.,Guntersdorfer M.,Oreizy P.and Medvidovic N.xADL:Enabling Architecture-Centric Tool Integration With XML[C].Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Maui,Hawaii,2001.
[23]Kramer J.and Magee J.The evolving philosophers' problem:dynamic change management[J].IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1990,16(11):1293-1306.
[24]Goudarzi M.and Kramer J.Maintaining Node Consistency in the Face of Dynamic Configurable Distributed Chang[C].Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cortfigurable Distributed System.Annapolis Maryland,USA,pp.62-69,1996.
[25]Bidan C.,Issarny V.,Saridakis T.and Zarras A.A Dynamic Reconfiguration Service for CORBA[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems,1998.
[26]Warren I.,Sommerville I.A Model for Dynamic Configuration which Preserves Application Integrity[C].Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems,Maryland,USA,pp.81-88,1996.
[27]Almeida J.Dynamic Reconfiguration of Object-Middleware-based Distributed Systems[D].Master Thesis,University of Twente,Netherlands,2001.
[28]Chen X.Extending RMI to Support Dynamic Reconfiguration of Distributed Systems[C].Proceeding of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2002.
[29] 范国闯、魏峻、钟华、冯玉琳.支持EJB动态分布的组件迁移模型与算法[J].软件学报, 2004,15(3): 404-413.
[30] Jamie Hillman and Warren I. An Open Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration[C]. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp.594-603, 2004.
[31] Bencomo N. Genie: A Model-Driven Engineering Tool for the Generation Adaptive Middleware Families [R]. Lancaster University, UK, 2006.
[32] Bencomo N., Blair G. and Grace P. Models, Reflective Mechanisms and Family-based Systems to Support Dynamic Configuration [C]. Workshop on Model Driven Development for Middleware (MODDM). Melbourne, Australia:2006.
[33] Zeigler B.P., Praehofer H. and Kim T.G. Theory of Modeling and Simulation.2nd Edition [M]. Academic Press, 2000.
[34] Dingel J., Garlin D. and Damon C. Bridging the HLA: Problems and Solutions[C].Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, 2002.
[35] Myjak M.D, Clark D. and Lake T. RTI Interoperability Study Group Final Report[C]. Fall Simularion Interoperability Workshop. 99F-SIW-001, 1999.
[36] Cox K. A Framework Based Approach to HLA Federate Development[C]. Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Orlando, FL, 1998.
[37] Huiskamp, W., Jense, H. and Janssen H. An HLA-based Flight Simulation Architecture[C]. Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, 2000.
[38] Elias, R.J. and Huiskamp W. Advanced Simulation Framework: A Generic Approach to Distributed Simulation[C]. In: 8th International Training and Education Conference (ITEC'97), 1997.
[39] Nutaro J. Parallel Discrete Event Simulation with Applications to Continuous Systems [D]. Ph.D Thesis, University of Arizona, 2003.
[40] Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) Workshop Report [R].www.cise.nsf.gov/dddas, 2000.
[41] Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) Workshop Report[R].www.cise.nsf.gov/dddas, 2006.
[42] Dalle O. and Mrabet C. An Instrumentation Framework for Component-based Simulations Based on the Separation of Concerns paradigm[C]. Proceedings of the 6th EUROSIM Congress (EUROSIM' 2007). Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007.
[43] Dalle O. The OSA Project: An Example of Component Based Software Engineering Techniques Applied to Simulation[C]. Invited paper at the Summer Computer Simulation Conference. San Diego, CA, 2007.
[44] Dalle O. OSA: An Open Component-based Architecture for Discrete-event Simulation[C]. Proceedings of 20th European Conf. on Modeling and Simulation (SCS-ECMS), 2006.
[45] Dalle O. Component-based Discrete Event Simulation Using the Fractal Component Model[C]. Proceedings of the AIS-CMS 2007 International Conference on AI, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems (AIS) and Conceptual Modeling and Simulation (CMS). Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2007.
[46] Bruneton, E., Coupaye, T. and Stefani J.B. The Fractal component model specification [Z]. 2004. Available at: http://fractal.objectweb.org/specification/
[47] Tolk A and Muguira J. M&S within the Model Driven Architecture[C]. In:I/ITSEC: Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference.Orlando, FL, 2004.
[48] Barros F.J. Representation of Dynamic Structure Discrete Event Models: A Systems Theory Approach [M]. Discrete Event Modeling and Simulation:Enabling Future Technologies, Springer Verlag, 2000,167-184.
[49] Barros F.J. Modeling Formalisms for Dynamic Structure Systems [J]. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation. 1997, 7(4): 501-515.
[50] Uhrmacher A. Dynamic Structures in Modeling and Simulation: A Reflective Approach [J]. 2001,11(2): 206-232.
[51] Uhrmacher A., Himmelspach J., Roehl M. and Ewald R. Introducing Variable Ports and Multi-Couplings for Cell Biological Modeling in DEVS[C].Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference. 2006, 832-840.
[52] Lee K.H. and Choi K.Y., Kim J.G. and Vansteenkiste G.C. A Methodology for Variable Structure System Specification: Formalism, Framework, and its Application to ATM-based Network Systems [J]. ETRI Journal. 1999, 18(4):245-254.
[53] Baati L., Frydman C. and Giambiasi N. Simulation Semantics for Dynamic Hierarchical Structure DEVS Model[C]. Proceedings of DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium, Part of the 2006 SCS Spring Simulation Multiconference,SpringSim'06. Huntsville, Alabama, USA, 2006.
[54] Baati L., Frydman C. and Giambiasi N. Algorithm for DEVS Structure Changes[C]. Proceedings of the 6th EUROSIM Congress on Modeling and Simulation. Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007.
[55] Hwang M. H. and Zeigler B.P. Expressiveness of Verifiable Hierarchical Clock Systems [J]. International Journal of General Systems, to appear, available at:www.acims.arizona.edu/PUBLICATIONS/PDF/IJGSJOCS.pdf.
[56] Hwang M. H. and Zeigler B.P. A Modular Verification Framework using Finite and Deterministic DEVS[C]. Proceedings of 2006 DEVS Symposium. Huntsville, Alabama, USA, pp.57-65,2006.
[57] Hwang M.H. Equivalence and Minimization of Output Augmented DEVS,Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics,Washington D.C., USA, pp. 409-414,2003.
[58] Hwang M.H. and Cho S.K., Timed Behavior Analysis of Schedule Preserved DEVS[C]. Proceedings of 2004 Summer Computer Simulation Conference. San Jose, California, pp.173-178,2004.
[59] Hwang M. H. and Zeigler B.P. Expressiveness of Verifiable Hierarchical Clock Systems [J]. International Journal of General Systems, 2006. Available at:http://acims.arizon.edu/.
[60] Hong K.J. and Kim T.G. Timed I/O Test Sequences for Discrete Event Model Verification[C]. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on AI,Simulation, and Planning in High Autonomy Systems. Springer, pp.257-284,2005.
[61] Song H.S. and Kim T.G. Application of Real-Time DEVS to Analysis of Safety-Critical Embedded Control Systems: Railroad Crossing Control Example [J]. SIMULATION. 2005, 81(2): 119-136.
[62] Uhrmacher A., Rohl M. and Kullick B. The Role of Reflection in Simulating and Testing Agents: An Exploration Based on the Simulation System James [J].Applied Artificial Intelligence. 2002, 16(9-10): 795-811.
[63] Adevs software [EB/OL], available at: http://www.ornl.gov/～lqn/adevs/index.html.
[64] Hu X.L., Zeigler B.P and Mittal S. Variable Structure in DEVS Component-Based Modeling and Simulation [J]. SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society of Modeling and Simulation International. 2005, 81(2): 91-102.
[65] Zhang M. Toward a Flexible and Reconfigurable Distributed Simulation: A New Approach to Distributed DEVS [D]. Ph. D Thesis, University of Arizona, 2007.
[66] Mittal S., Mak E. and Nutaro J. DEVS-Based Dynamic Model Reconfiguration and Simulation Control in the Enhanced DoDAF Design Process[J]. JDMS: The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology,Technology, 2006, 3(4):239-267.
[67] Mittal S., Mitra A., Gupta A. and Zeigler B.P. Strengthening OV-6a Semantics with Rule-Based Meta-models in DEVS/DoDAF based Life-cycle Architectures Development [C]. IEEE Information Reuse and Integration Conference (IRI) special section on DoDAF. Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA, pp. 80-85, 2006.
[68] Zeigler B.P. and Mittal S., Enhancing DoDAF with DEVS-Based System Life Cycle Process[C].IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC'05,Hawaii, 2005.
[69] The GENETSCOPE (Generic Network Model for Systems Capable of Planned Expansion) modeling and simulation (M&S) environment, avilable at:http://www.rtsync.com/services/genetscope.html.
[70] Mittal S. Extending DoDAF to Allow Integrated DEVS-Based Modeling and Simulation [J]. JDMS: The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation:Applications, Methodology, Technology. 2006, 3(2):95-123.
[71] Krivy, I. and Kindler E. Terminology of Nested Simulation Models, International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies[C]. International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies. Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, 2006.
[72] Berruet P. and Kindler E. Nested Anticipation in Design Of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems[C]. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems. Liege, Belgium, pp.99-103,2005.
[73] Kindler, E., Coudert, T. and Berruet P. Component-Based Simulation for a Reconfiguration Study of Transitic Systems [J]. SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society of Modeling and Simulation International. 2004, 80(3): 153-163.
[74] Kindler E. SIMULA and Super-Object-Oriented Programming [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2004,2635: 165-182.
[75] Canahan J., Reynolds P. and Brogan D. Visualizing coercible simulations[C].Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. pp.411-419,2004.
[76] Brogan D., Reynolds P., Bartholet R. and Carnahan J. Semi-Automated Simulation Transformation for DDDAS[C]. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Science. pp.721-772,2005.
[77] Carnahan J. and Reynolds P. An Experiment in Simulation Coercion[C].Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference. 2003.
[78] Liu X., Reynolds P. and Brogan D. Using Abstraction in the Verification of Simulation Coercion[C]. Proceedings of the 20th ACM/IEEE Workshop on the Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS). 2006.
[79] Carnahan J., Reynolds P. and Brogan D. Language Support for Identifying Flexible Points in Coercible Simulations[C]. Proceedings of the Simulation Interoperability Workshop (SIW).2004.
[80] Carnahan J. and Reynolds P. Requirements for DDDAS Flexible Point Support [C]. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference. 2006.
[81] Petty M.D., Weisel E.W. and Mielke R.R. Computational complexity of selecting components for composition[C]. In: Proceedings of the Fall 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop. Orlando FL, 2003.
[82] Fox M., Brogan D. and Reynolds P. Approximating Component Selection[C]. In:Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). pp.429-435, 2004.
[83] Bartholet R., Brogan D. and Reynolds P. The Computational Complexity of Component Selection in Simulation Reuse[C]. Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). pp.2472-2481, 2005.
[84] Dhananjai M.R and Philips A.W. Performance Prediction of Dynamic Component Substitutions[C]. Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference.pp.816-824,2002.
[85] Dhananjai M.R. Study of Dynamic Component Substitution [D]. Ph.D Thesis,University of Cincinnati, 2004.
[86] Dhananjai M.R. and Philips A.W. Predicting Performance of Resolution Changes in Parallel Simulations[C]. Proceedings of the 20th ACM/IEEE Workshop on The Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS).2006. 45-54.
[87] Chen D. Cloning Mechanisms for HLA-based Distributed Simulations [D]. Ph.D Thesis, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,2005.
[88] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B. and Low M. Algorithms for HLA-based Distributed Simulation Cloning [J]. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation. 2005,15(4): 316-345.
[89] Chen D., Turner S.J., Gan B., Cai W., Wei J. and Julka N. Alternative Solutions for Distributed Simulation Cloning [J]. SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International. 2003, 79(5-6): 299-315.
[90] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B. and Low M. Incremental HLA-based Distributed Simulation Cloning [C]. Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference. pp.386-394, 2004.
[91] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B. and Low M. HLA-Based Distributed Simulation Cloning[C]. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications. pp.244-247,2004.
[92] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B., Low M. and Wei J. Management of Simulation Cloning in HLA-based Distributed Simulations[C]. Proceedings of European Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 04E-S1W-010, 2004.
[93] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B., Low M. and Wei J. A Decoupled Federate Architecture for Distributed Simulation Cloning[C]. Proceedings of the 15th European Simulation Symposium. pp.131-140, 2003.
[94] Chen D., Gan B., Turner S.J., Cai W. and Wei J. Data Distribution Management in Distributed Simulation Cloning[C]. Proceedings of European Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 03E-SIW-024,2003.
[95] Chen D., Gan B., Turner S.J., Cai W. and Wei J. Evaluating Alternative Solutions for Cloning in Distributed Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Simulation Symposium. pp.201-208,2003.
[96] DEVS Standardization Group Homepage [EB/OL], http://www.sce.carleton.ca/faculty/wainer/standard/.
[97]熊光楞,彭毅等.先进仿真技术与仿真环境[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997.
[98]Traoré M.K.Experimental frames methodology[C].NSF Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Design of Large Software-Intensive Systems:Challenges and New Research Directions.Tucson AZ,USA,2003.
[99]Traoré M.K.and Muzy A.Capturing the Dual Relationship Between Simulation Models and Their Context[J].Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory.2006,14(2):126-142.
[100]Yilmaz L.and Oren T.A Conceptual Model for Reusable Simulations within a Model-Simulator-Context Framework[C].Proceedings of Conference on Conceptual Modeling and Simulation.Genoa,Italy,2004.
[101]王红卫.建模与仿真[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[102]贺伟.范畴论[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[103]陈意云.计算机科学中的范畴论[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993.
[104]楚旺,钱德沛.以体系结构为中心的构件模型的形式化语义[J].软件学报,2006,17(6):1287-1297.
[105]Chi,S.D.Model-based Reasoning Methodology Using the Symbolic DEVS Simulation[J].Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation International.1997,14(3):141-152.
[106]Kwon Y.W.,Park H.C.,Jung S.H.and Kim T.G.Fuzzy-DEVS Formalism:Concepts,Realization and Applications[C].Proceedings of AI,Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems.San Diego,AZ,USA,1996.
[107]Zeigler B.P.and Sarjoughian H.S.Support for Hierarchical Modular Component-based Model Construction in DEVS/HLA[C].Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop.Orlando,FL,USA,1999.
[108]Sarjoughian H.S.and Zeigler B.P.DEVS and HLA:Complimentary Paradigms for M&S?[J].Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation.2000,17(4):187-197.
[109]Seo C.,Park S.,Kim B.,Cheon S.and Zeigler B.P.Implementation of Distributed High performance DEVS Simulation Framework in the Grid Computing Environment[C].Proceedings of Advanced Simulation Technologies conference (ASTC).Arlington,VA,2004.
[110]Cheon S.,Seo C.,Park S.and Zeigler B.P.Design and Implementation of Distributed DEVS Simulation in a Peer to Peer Networked System[C].Proceedings of Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference.Arlington,VA,2004.
[111]Kim K.H.and Kang W.S.CORBA-Based,Multi-threaded Distributed Simulation of Hierarchical DEVS Models:Transforming Model Structure into a Non-hierarchical One[C].LNCS(Lecture Notes in Computer Science),Springer-Verlag,3046:167-176,2004.
[112]Zhang M.,Zeigler B.P.and Hammonds P.DEVS/RMI-An Auto-Adaptive and Reconfigurable Distributed Simulation Environment for Engineering Studies[J].ITEA Journal of Test and Evaluation,2006,27(1):49-60.
[113]Jaramillo J.and Vangheluwe H.Computer Automated Multi-paradigm Modeling:Meta-modeling and Graph Transformation[C].Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference.New Orleans,Louisiana,pp.595-603,2003.
[114]Peter B.and Fritzson P.DEVS-Based Multi-Formalism Modeling and Simulation in MODELICA[C].Proceedings of Summer Computer Simulation Conference.Vancouver,Canada,2000.
[115]Vangheluwe H.DEVS as a Common Denominator for Multi-formalism Hybrid Systems Modeling.Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design.Anchorage,Alaska,pp.129-134,2000.
[116]Bartholet R.,Brogan D.,Reynolds P.,and Carnahan J.In Search of the Philosopher's Stone:Simulation Composability versus Component-based Software Design[C].Proceedings of the 2004 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop.2004.
[117]Pratt I.Temporal Prepositions and Their Logic[J].Artificial Intelligence.2005,166(1-2):1-36.
[118]Object Management Group(OMG) Model Driven Architecture(MDA) Resource Page[EB/OL].Available at Website:http://www.mda.org.
[119]鲍志云译.应用MDA[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[120]Kim T.G.,Cho S.M.and Lee W.B.DEVS Framework for System Development:Unified Specification for Logic Analysis,Performance Evaluation and Implementation[M].Discrete Event Modeling and Simulation Technologies,New York:Springer-Verlag,pp.131-166.
[121]Alur R,Dill D.L.A Theory of Timed Automata[J].Theoretical Computer Science.1994,126(2):183-235.
[122]Henzinger T.A.,Manna Z.and Pnueli A.Timed Transition Systems[M].Springer-Verlag,1991,226-251.
[123]Kaynar D.K.,Lynch N.,Segala R.and Vaandrager F,Timed I/O Automata:A Mathematical Framework for Modeling and Analyzing Real-time Systems[C].Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium.pp.166-177,2003.
[124]Cassez F.and Roux O.H.Structural Translation from Time Petri Nets to Timed Automata[J].Journal of Systems and Software,2006,79(10):1456-1468.
[125]Diaz G.,Pardo J.,Cambronero M.and Valero V.Verification of Web Services with Timed Automata [J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science.2006,157(2): 19-34: 19-34.
[126] Larsen K., Pettersson P. and Wang Y. UPPAAL In A Nutshell [J]. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer. 1997,1(1-2): 134-152.
[127] Behrmann G., David A., Larsen K., Moller M.O, Pettersson P. and Wang Y.UPPAAL-Present and Future [C]. Proceedings of 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. 2001.
[128] Daws C, Olivero A., Tripakis S. and Yovine S. The Tool Kronos [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 1996, 1066: 208-219.
[129] Chen K. A Semantic Anchoring Infrastructure for Model-Integrated Computing [D]. Ph.D Thesis, Graduate School of Vanderbilt University, 2006.
[130] Zeigler B.P. Multifaceted Modeling and Discrete Event Simulation [M].Academic Press, 1984.
[131] Barros F.J. Dynamic Structure Discrete Event Systems: A Comparison of Methodologies and Environments[C]. SPIE Proceedings: Enabling Methodologies for Simulation. Orlando, FL, pp.268-277,1997.
[132] Pawletta T. A DEVS-based Simulation Approach for Structure Variable Hybrid Systems using High Accuracy Integration Methods[C]. Proceedings of Conference on Conceptual Modeling and Simulation, Part of the Mediterranean Modelling Multiconference (I3M).Genova, Italy, pp. 368-373,2004.
[133] Barros F.J. Abstract Simulators for the DSDE Formalism [C]. Proceedings of the 30th Winter Simulation Conference.Washington DC, pp.407-412,1998.
[134] Shang H., Wainer G. A Simulation Algorithm for Dynamic Structure DEVS Modeling[C]. Proceedings of the 38th Winter Simulation Conference. Monterey,California, pp.815 - 822, 2006.
[135] Zeigler B.P., Ball G., Cho. H, Lee J.S. and Sarjoughian H. Implementation of the DEVS Formalism over the HLA/RTI: Problems and solutions[C]. Proceedings of Spring Simulation Interoperation Workshop (SIW).Orlando, FL: 99S-SIW-065,1999.
[136] Lake T., Zeigler B.P., Sarjoughian H.S. and Nutaro J. DEVS Simulation and HLA Lookahead [C]. Proceedings of Simulation Interoperability Workshop (SIW). Orlando, FL, 00S-SIW-160,2000.
[137] Zacharewicz G., Giambiasi N. and Frydman C. Improving the DEVS/HLA Environment [C]. Proceedings of DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium, DEVS'05,Part of the 2005 SCS Spring Simulation Multi-conference, SpringSim'05. San Diego, CA, USA, 2005.
[138] Zacharewicz G., Giambiasi N. and Frydman C. A New Algorithm for the HLA Lookahead Computing in the DEVS/HLA Environment[C]. Proceedings of European Simulation Interoperability Workshop (EUROSIW). Toulouse, France, 05E-SIW-028,2005.
[139] Fujimoto R.M. Zero Lookahead and Repeatability in the High Level Architecture[C]. Proceedings of Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop.Orlando, FL, 97S-SIW-046,1997.
[140] Cooper K., Hall M. and Kennedy K. A Methodology for Procedure Cloning [J].Computer Languages. 1993,19(2): 105-118.
[141] Vahid F. Procedure Cloning: A transformation for Improved System-level Functional Partitioning [J]. ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems. 1999,4(1): 70-96.
[142] Plevyak J. Optimization of Object-Oriented and Concurrent Programs[D]. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1996.
[143] Shehory O., Sycara K. and Chalasani P.J. Agent Cloning: An Approach to Agent Mobility and Resource Allocation[J]. IEEE Communications. 1998, 36(7): 58-67.
[144] Tanenbaum A.S and Steen M. Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms [M].Prentice Hall, 2002.
[145] Addie R.G. Quantum Simulation: Rare Event Simulation by Means of Cloning and Thinning [J]. European Transactions on Telecommunications. 2002, 13(4):387-397.
[146] Gilmer J.B. and Sullivan F.J. Alternative Implementations of Multitrajectory Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference. Washington DC, USA, pp.865-872, 1998.
[147] Gilmer J.B. and Sullivan F.J. Multi-trajectory Simulation Performance for Varying Scenario Size[C]. Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference. Phoenix, Arizona, USA, pp. 1137-1146, 1999.
[148] Gilmer J.B. and Sullivan F.J. Recursive Simulation to Aid Models of Decision Making[C]. Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando,Florida, USA, pp. 958-963, 2000.
[149] Henriksen J.O. An Introduction to SLXTM [C]. Proceedings of the 1997 Winter Simulation Conference. Altlanta, Georgia, USA, pp.559-566, 1997.
[150] Henriksen J.O. Stretching the Boundaries of Simulation Software [C].Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference. Washington DC, USA,pp.227-234,1998.
[151] AbouRizk S. and Mohamed Y. Simphony-An Integrated Environment for Construction Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando, Florida,USA, p p. 1907-1974, 2000.
[152] Hybinette M. and Fujimoto M. Cloning: A Novel Method for Interactive Parallel Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. Atlanta,Georgia, USA,pp.444-451, 1997.
[153] Hybinette M. Interactive Parallel Simulation Environment [D]. Ph.D Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology,2000.
[154]Hybinette M.and Fujimoto M.Cloning parallel Simulations[J].ACM Transactions Modeling and Computer Simulation(TOMACS).2001,11(1):378-407.
[155]Hybinette M.and Fujimoto M.Scalability of Parallel Simulation Cloning[C].In:Proceedings of the 35th Annual Simulation Symposium.San Diego,California,USA,2002.
[156]Hybinette M.Just-in-time Cloning[C].Proceedings of the Eighteenth workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation.Kufstein,Austria,pp.45-51,2004.
[157]Das S.,Fujimoto R.,K.Panesar D,Allison D.and Hybinette M.GTW:A Time Warp System for Shared Memory Multiprocessors[C].Proceedings of the 1994Winter Simulation Conference.Lake Buena Vista,Florida,USA,pp.1332-1339,1994.
[158]Schulze T.,Straβburger S.and Klein U.Online-Data Processing in Simulation Models:New Approaches and Possibilities Through HLA[C].Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference.Washington DC,USA,pp.1602-1609,1999.
[159]Schulze T.,Straβburger S.and Klein U.HLA-federate Reproduction Procedures in Public Transportation Federations[C].Proceedings of the 2000 Summer Computer Simulation Conference.Vancouver.Canada.2000.
[160]曲庆军.高层体系结构(HLA)中兴趣管理的研究和实现[D].工学博士学位论文,国防科技大学,2003.
[161]Rycerz K.J.,Bubak,M.T.,Malawski M.and Sloot P.A Framework for HLA-Based Interactive Simulations on the Grid[J].SIMULATION:Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International.2005,81(1):67-76.
[162]Sztipanovits J.and Karsai G.Model-Integrated Computing[J].IEEE Computer.1997,30(4):110-112.
[163]The GME Project[EB/OL].Available at:http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/Projects /gme/.
[164]Szemethy T.Domain-Specific Models,Model Analysis,Model Transformation [D].Ph.D Thesis,Graduate School of Vanderbilt University,2006.
[165]王建华译.Windows核心编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[2]胡晓峰,司光亚,张国春等.战争复杂系统建模与仿真[M].北京:国防大学出版社,2005.
[3]李伯虎,柴旭东,毛媛.现代仿真技术发展中的两个热点-ADS,SBA[J].系统仿真学报,2001,13(1):101-105.
[4]Locke J.An Introduction to the Intemet Networking Environment and SIMNET/DIS[R].Naval Postgraduate School,1993.
[5]IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation Application Protocols.Std.1278.1a-1998[S].1998.
[6]Weatherly R.M.,Wilson A.L.and Canova B.S.Advanced Distributed Simulation through the Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol[C].Wailea,Hawaii.1996.
[7]IEEE Std 1516-2000,IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation(M&S) High Level Architecture(HLA)-Framework and Rules[S].SISC of the IEEE Computer Society.2000.
[8]IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation(M&S) High Level Architecture-Object Model Template Specification[S].IEEE Std 1516.2-2000,Sep.2000.
[9]DMSO.Modeling and Simulation(M&S) Master Plan[R].Dept.of Defense.1995.
[10]Brutzman D.,Zyda M.,Pullen J.M.and Morse K.L.Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework(XMSF):Challenges for Web-Based Modeling and Simulation[R].Naval Postgraduate School,Monterey,CA,2002.
[11]Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization(SISO)/ Society for Modeling and Simulation(SCS) Panel Discussion on Priorities for M&S Standards[C].IEEE Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop.Orlando,Florida,March 2003.
[12]Tolk,A.,Diallo,S.and Turnitsa C.Data,Models,Federations,Common Reference Models,and Model Theory,European Simulation Interoperability Workshop,Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization,ACM CS Press.2007.
[13]Zeigler B.P.and Hammonds P.E.Modeling&Simulation-Based Data Engineering:Introducing Pragmatics into Ontologies for Net-Centric Information Exchange [M].Academic Press,2007.
[14]Page E.H.,Briggs R.and Tufarolo J.A.Toward A Family of Maturity Models for the Simulation Interconnection Problem[C].Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop,2004.
[15]Petty M.D.and Weisel E.W.A Composability Lexicon[C].Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop,Orlando FL.pp.181-187,2003.
[16]James A.and Muguira A.Applying a Methodology to Identify Structural Variances in Interoperations[J].JDMS:The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation:Applications,Methodology,Technology,2006,3(2):77-93.
[17]Turner S.Technological Challenges for Large-Scale Distributed Simulation.Seminar of Grand Challenges for Modeling and Simulation[C].Dagstuhl,Germany,2002.
[18]Schantz R.E.and Schmidt D.C.Middleware for Distributed Systems:Evolving the Common Structure for Network-centric Applications[M].New York:Wiley &Sons,2002.
[19]窦蕾.面向构件的复杂软件系统中动态配置技术的研究[D].工学博士学位论文,国防科学技术大学研究生院,2005.
[20]Hoare C.Communicating Sequential Processes[M].Prentice Hall,1985.
[21]Bruns G.Distributed Systems Analysis with CCS[M].Prentice hall Europe,1997.
[22]Khare R.,Guntersdorfer M.,Oreizy P.and Medvidovic N.xADL:Enabling Architecture-Centric Tool Integration With XML[C].Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.Maui,Hawaii,2001.
[23]Kramer J.and Magee J.The evolving philosophers' problem:dynamic change management[J].IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,1990,16(11):1293-1306.
[24]Goudarzi M.and Kramer J.Maintaining Node Consistency in the Face of Dynamic Configurable Distributed Chang[C].Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Cortfigurable Distributed System.Annapolis Maryland,USA,pp.62-69,1996.
[25]Bidan C.,Issarny V.,Saridakis T.and Zarras A.A Dynamic Reconfiguration Service for CORBA[C].Proceedings of the International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems,1998.
[26]Warren I.,Sommerville I.A Model for Dynamic Configuration which Preserves Application Integrity[C].Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Configurable Distributed Systems,Maryland,USA,pp.81-88,1996.
[27]Almeida J.Dynamic Reconfiguration of Object-Middleware-based Distributed Systems[D].Master Thesis,University of Twente,Netherlands,2001.
[28]Chen X.Extending RMI to Support Dynamic Reconfiguration of Distributed Systems[C].Proceeding of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2002.
[29] 范国闯、魏峻、钟华、冯玉琳.支持EJB动态分布的组件迁移模型与算法[J].软件学报, 2004,15(3): 404-413.
[30] Jamie Hillman and Warren I. An Open Framework for Dynamic Reconfiguration[C]. Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Software Engineering, pp.594-603, 2004.
[31] Bencomo N. Genie: A Model-Driven Engineering Tool for the Generation Adaptive Middleware Families [R]. Lancaster University, UK, 2006.
[32] Bencomo N., Blair G. and Grace P. Models, Reflective Mechanisms and Family-based Systems to Support Dynamic Configuration [C]. Workshop on Model Driven Development for Middleware (MODDM). Melbourne, Australia:2006.
[33] Zeigler B.P., Praehofer H. and Kim T.G. Theory of Modeling and Simulation.2nd Edition [M]. Academic Press, 2000.
[34] Dingel J., Garlin D. and Damon C. Bridging the HLA: Problems and Solutions[C].Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, 2002.
[35] Myjak M.D, Clark D. and Lake T. RTI Interoperability Study Group Final Report[C]. Fall Simularion Interoperability Workshop. 99F-SIW-001, 1999.
[36] Cox K. A Framework Based Approach to HLA Federate Development[C]. Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Orlando, FL, 1998.
[37] Huiskamp, W., Jense, H. and Janssen H. An HLA-based Flight Simulation Architecture[C]. Proceedings of the AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, 2000.
[38] Elias, R.J. and Huiskamp W. Advanced Simulation Framework: A Generic Approach to Distributed Simulation[C]. In: 8th International Training and Education Conference (ITEC'97), 1997.
[39] Nutaro J. Parallel Discrete Event Simulation with Applications to Continuous Systems [D]. Ph.D Thesis, University of Arizona, 2003.
[40] Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) Workshop Report [R].www.cise.nsf.gov/dddas, 2000.
[41] Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems (DDDAS) Workshop Report[R].www.cise.nsf.gov/dddas, 2006.
[42] Dalle O. and Mrabet C. An Instrumentation Framework for Component-based Simulations Based on the Separation of Concerns paradigm[C]. Proceedings of the 6th EUROSIM Congress (EUROSIM' 2007). Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007.
[43] Dalle O. The OSA Project: An Example of Component Based Software Engineering Techniques Applied to Simulation[C]. Invited paper at the Summer Computer Simulation Conference. San Diego, CA, 2007.
[44] Dalle O. OSA: An Open Component-based Architecture for Discrete-event Simulation[C]. Proceedings of 20th European Conf. on Modeling and Simulation (SCS-ECMS), 2006.
[45] Dalle O. Component-based Discrete Event Simulation Using the Fractal Component Model[C]. Proceedings of the AIS-CMS 2007 International Conference on AI, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems (AIS) and Conceptual Modeling and Simulation (CMS). Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2007.
[46] Bruneton, E., Coupaye, T. and Stefani J.B. The Fractal component model specification [Z]. 2004. Available at: http://fractal.objectweb.org/specification/
[47] Tolk A and Muguira J. M&S within the Model Driven Architecture[C]. In:I/ITSEC: Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference.Orlando, FL, 2004.
[48] Barros F.J. Representation of Dynamic Structure Discrete Event Models: A Systems Theory Approach [M]. Discrete Event Modeling and Simulation:Enabling Future Technologies, Springer Verlag, 2000,167-184.
[49] Barros F.J. Modeling Formalisms for Dynamic Structure Systems [J]. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation. 1997, 7(4): 501-515.
[50] Uhrmacher A. Dynamic Structures in Modeling and Simulation: A Reflective Approach [J]. 2001,11(2): 206-232.
[51] Uhrmacher A., Himmelspach J., Roehl M. and Ewald R. Introducing Variable Ports and Multi-Couplings for Cell Biological Modeling in DEVS[C].Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference. 2006, 832-840.
[52] Lee K.H. and Choi K.Y., Kim J.G. and Vansteenkiste G.C. A Methodology for Variable Structure System Specification: Formalism, Framework, and its Application to ATM-based Network Systems [J]. ETRI Journal. 1999, 18(4):245-254.
[53] Baati L., Frydman C. and Giambiasi N. Simulation Semantics for Dynamic Hierarchical Structure DEVS Model[C]. Proceedings of DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium, Part of the 2006 SCS Spring Simulation Multiconference,SpringSim'06. Huntsville, Alabama, USA, 2006.
[54] Baati L., Frydman C. and Giambiasi N. Algorithm for DEVS Structure Changes[C]. Proceedings of the 6th EUROSIM Congress on Modeling and Simulation. Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2007.
[55] Hwang M. H. and Zeigler B.P. Expressiveness of Verifiable Hierarchical Clock Systems [J]. International Journal of General Systems, to appear, available at:www.acims.arizona.edu/PUBLICATIONS/PDF/IJGSJOCS.pdf.
[56] Hwang M. H. and Zeigler B.P. A Modular Verification Framework using Finite and Deterministic DEVS[C]. Proceedings of 2006 DEVS Symposium. Huntsville, Alabama, USA, pp.57-65,2006.
[57] Hwang M.H. Equivalence and Minimization of Output Augmented DEVS,Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics,Washington D.C., USA, pp. 409-414,2003.
[58] Hwang M.H. and Cho S.K., Timed Behavior Analysis of Schedule Preserved DEVS[C]. Proceedings of 2004 Summer Computer Simulation Conference. San Jose, California, pp.173-178,2004.
[59] Hwang M. H. and Zeigler B.P. Expressiveness of Verifiable Hierarchical Clock Systems [J]. International Journal of General Systems, 2006. Available at:http://acims.arizon.edu/.
[60] Hong K.J. and Kim T.G. Timed I/O Test Sequences for Discrete Event Model Verification[C]. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on AI,Simulation, and Planning in High Autonomy Systems. Springer, pp.257-284,2005.
[61] Song H.S. and Kim T.G. Application of Real-Time DEVS to Analysis of Safety-Critical Embedded Control Systems: Railroad Crossing Control Example [J]. SIMULATION. 2005, 81(2): 119-136.
[62] Uhrmacher A., Rohl M. and Kullick B. The Role of Reflection in Simulating and Testing Agents: An Exploration Based on the Simulation System James [J].Applied Artificial Intelligence. 2002, 16(9-10): 795-811.
[63] Adevs software [EB/OL], available at: http://www.ornl.gov/～lqn/adevs/index.html.
[64] Hu X.L., Zeigler B.P and Mittal S. Variable Structure in DEVS Component-Based Modeling and Simulation [J]. SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society of Modeling and Simulation International. 2005, 81(2): 91-102.
[65] Zhang M. Toward a Flexible and Reconfigurable Distributed Simulation: A New Approach to Distributed DEVS [D]. Ph. D Thesis, University of Arizona, 2007.
[66] Mittal S., Mak E. and Nutaro J. DEVS-Based Dynamic Model Reconfiguration and Simulation Control in the Enhanced DoDAF Design Process[J]. JDMS: The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology,Technology, 2006, 3(4):239-267.
[67] Mittal S., Mitra A., Gupta A. and Zeigler B.P. Strengthening OV-6a Semantics with Rule-Based Meta-models in DEVS/DoDAF based Life-cycle Architectures Development [C]. IEEE Information Reuse and Integration Conference (IRI) special section on DoDAF. Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA, pp. 80-85, 2006.
[68] Zeigler B.P. and Mittal S., Enhancing DoDAF with DEVS-Based System Life Cycle Process[C].IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC'05,Hawaii, 2005.
[69] The GENETSCOPE (Generic Network Model for Systems Capable of Planned Expansion) modeling and simulation (M&S) environment, avilable at:http://www.rtsync.com/services/genetscope.html.
[70] Mittal S. Extending DoDAF to Allow Integrated DEVS-Based Modeling and Simulation [J]. JDMS: The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation:Applications, Methodology, Technology. 2006, 3(2):95-123.
[71] Krivy, I. and Kindler E. Terminology of Nested Simulation Models, International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies[C]. International Conference on Computer Systems and Technologies. Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, 2006.
[72] Berruet P. and Kindler E. Nested Anticipation in Design Of Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems[C]. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computing Anticipatory Systems. Liege, Belgium, pp.99-103,2005.
[73] Kindler, E., Coudert, T. and Berruet P. Component-Based Simulation for a Reconfiguration Study of Transitic Systems [J]. SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society of Modeling and Simulation International. 2004, 80(3): 153-163.
[74] Kindler E. SIMULA and Super-Object-Oriented Programming [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 2004,2635: 165-182.
[75] Canahan J., Reynolds P. and Brogan D. Visualizing coercible simulations[C].Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. pp.411-419,2004.
[76] Brogan D., Reynolds P., Bartholet R. and Carnahan J. Semi-Automated Simulation Transformation for DDDAS[C]. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Science. pp.721-772,2005.
[77] Carnahan J. and Reynolds P. An Experiment in Simulation Coercion[C].Proceedings of the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation, and Education Conference. 2003.
[78] Liu X., Reynolds P. and Brogan D. Using Abstraction in the Verification of Simulation Coercion[C]. Proceedings of the 20th ACM/IEEE Workshop on the Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS). 2006.
[79] Carnahan J., Reynolds P. and Brogan D. Language Support for Identifying Flexible Points in Coercible Simulations[C]. Proceedings of the Simulation Interoperability Workshop (SIW).2004.
[80] Carnahan J. and Reynolds P. Requirements for DDDAS Flexible Point Support [C]. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference. 2006.
[81] Petty M.D., Weisel E.W. and Mielke R.R. Computational complexity of selecting components for composition[C]. In: Proceedings of the Fall 2003 Simulation Interoperability Workshop. Orlando FL, 2003.
[82] Fox M., Brogan D. and Reynolds P. Approximating Component Selection[C]. In:Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). pp.429-435, 2004.
[83] Bartholet R., Brogan D. and Reynolds P. The Computational Complexity of Component Selection in Simulation Reuse[C]. Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). pp.2472-2481, 2005.
[84] Dhananjai M.R and Philips A.W. Performance Prediction of Dynamic Component Substitutions[C]. Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference.pp.816-824,2002.
[85] Dhananjai M.R. Study of Dynamic Component Substitution [D]. Ph.D Thesis,University of Cincinnati, 2004.
[86] Dhananjai M.R. and Philips A.W. Predicting Performance of Resolution Changes in Parallel Simulations[C]. Proceedings of the 20th ACM/IEEE Workshop on The Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS).2006. 45-54.
[87] Chen D. Cloning Mechanisms for HLA-based Distributed Simulations [D]. Ph.D Thesis, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,2005.
[88] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B. and Low M. Algorithms for HLA-based Distributed Simulation Cloning [J]. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation. 2005,15(4): 316-345.
[89] Chen D., Turner S.J., Gan B., Cai W., Wei J. and Julka N. Alternative Solutions for Distributed Simulation Cloning [J]. SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International. 2003, 79(5-6): 299-315.
[90] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B. and Low M. Incremental HLA-based Distributed Simulation Cloning [C]. Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference. pp.386-394, 2004.
[91] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B. and Low M. HLA-Based Distributed Simulation Cloning[C]. Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications. pp.244-247,2004.
[92] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B., Low M. and Wei J. Management of Simulation Cloning in HLA-based Distributed Simulations[C]. Proceedings of European Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 04E-S1W-010, 2004.
[93] Chen D., Turner S.J., Cai W., Gan B., Low M. and Wei J. A Decoupled Federate Architecture for Distributed Simulation Cloning[C]. Proceedings of the 15th European Simulation Symposium. pp.131-140, 2003.
[94] Chen D., Gan B., Turner S.J., Cai W. and Wei J. Data Distribution Management in Distributed Simulation Cloning[C]. Proceedings of European Simulation Interoperability Workshop. 03E-SIW-024,2003.
[95] Chen D., Gan B., Turner S.J., Cai W. and Wei J. Evaluating Alternative Solutions for Cloning in Distributed Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Simulation Symposium. pp.201-208,2003.
[96] DEVS Standardization Group Homepage [EB/OL], http://www.sce.carleton.ca/faculty/wainer/standard/.
[97]熊光楞,彭毅等.先进仿真技术与仿真环境[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997.
[98]Traoré M.K.Experimental frames methodology[C].NSF Workshop on Modeling and Simulation for Design of Large Software-Intensive Systems:Challenges and New Research Directions.Tucson AZ,USA,2003.
[99]Traoré M.K.and Muzy A.Capturing the Dual Relationship Between Simulation Models and Their Context[J].Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory.2006,14(2):126-142.
[100]Yilmaz L.and Oren T.A Conceptual Model for Reusable Simulations within a Model-Simulator-Context Framework[C].Proceedings of Conference on Conceptual Modeling and Simulation.Genoa,Italy,2004.
[101]王红卫.建模与仿真[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[102]贺伟.范畴论[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[103]陈意云.计算机科学中的范畴论[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993.
[104]楚旺,钱德沛.以体系结构为中心的构件模型的形式化语义[J].软件学报,2006,17(6):1287-1297.
[105]Chi,S.D.Model-based Reasoning Methodology Using the Symbolic DEVS Simulation[J].Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation International.1997,14(3):141-152.
[106]Kwon Y.W.,Park H.C.,Jung S.H.and Kim T.G.Fuzzy-DEVS Formalism:Concepts,Realization and Applications[C].Proceedings of AI,Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems.San Diego,AZ,USA,1996.
[107]Zeigler B.P.and Sarjoughian H.S.Support for Hierarchical Modular Component-based Model Construction in DEVS/HLA[C].Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop.Orlando,FL,USA,1999.
[108]Sarjoughian H.S.and Zeigler B.P.DEVS and HLA:Complimentary Paradigms for M&S?[J].Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation.2000,17(4):187-197.
[109]Seo C.,Park S.,Kim B.,Cheon S.and Zeigler B.P.Implementation of Distributed High performance DEVS Simulation Framework in the Grid Computing Environment[C].Proceedings of Advanced Simulation Technologies conference (ASTC).Arlington,VA,2004.
[110]Cheon S.,Seo C.,Park S.and Zeigler B.P.Design and Implementation of Distributed DEVS Simulation in a Peer to Peer Networked System[C].Proceedings of Advanced Simulation Technologies Conference.Arlington,VA,2004.
[111]Kim K.H.and Kang W.S.CORBA-Based,Multi-threaded Distributed Simulation of Hierarchical DEVS Models:Transforming Model Structure into a Non-hierarchical One[C].LNCS(Lecture Notes in Computer Science),Springer-Verlag,3046:167-176,2004.
[112]Zhang M.,Zeigler B.P.and Hammonds P.DEVS/RMI-An Auto-Adaptive and Reconfigurable Distributed Simulation Environment for Engineering Studies[J].ITEA Journal of Test and Evaluation,2006,27(1):49-60.
[113]Jaramillo J.and Vangheluwe H.Computer Automated Multi-paradigm Modeling:Meta-modeling and Graph Transformation[C].Proceedings of Winter Simulation Conference.New Orleans,Louisiana,pp.595-603,2003.
[114]Peter B.and Fritzson P.DEVS-Based Multi-Formalism Modeling and Simulation in MODELICA[C].Proceedings of Summer Computer Simulation Conference.Vancouver,Canada,2000.
[115]Vangheluwe H.DEVS as a Common Denominator for Multi-formalism Hybrid Systems Modeling.Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design.Anchorage,Alaska,pp.129-134,2000.
[116]Bartholet R.,Brogan D.,Reynolds P.,and Carnahan J.In Search of the Philosopher's Stone:Simulation Composability versus Component-based Software Design[C].Proceedings of the 2004 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop.2004.
[117]Pratt I.Temporal Prepositions and Their Logic[J].Artificial Intelligence.2005,166(1-2):1-36.
[118]Object Management Group(OMG) Model Driven Architecture(MDA) Resource Page[EB/OL].Available at Website:http://www.mda.org.
[119]鲍志云译.应用MDA[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.
[120]Kim T.G.,Cho S.M.and Lee W.B.DEVS Framework for System Development:Unified Specification for Logic Analysis,Performance Evaluation and Implementation[M].Discrete Event Modeling and Simulation Technologies,New York:Springer-Verlag,pp.131-166.
[121]Alur R,Dill D.L.A Theory of Timed Automata[J].Theoretical Computer Science.1994,126(2):183-235.
[122]Henzinger T.A.,Manna Z.and Pnueli A.Timed Transition Systems[M].Springer-Verlag,1991,226-251.
[123]Kaynar D.K.,Lynch N.,Segala R.and Vaandrager F,Timed I/O Automata:A Mathematical Framework for Modeling and Analyzing Real-time Systems[C].Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium.pp.166-177,2003.
[124]Cassez F.and Roux O.H.Structural Translation from Time Petri Nets to Timed Automata[J].Journal of Systems and Software,2006,79(10):1456-1468.
[125]Diaz G.,Pardo J.,Cambronero M.and Valero V.Verification of Web Services with Timed Automata [J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science.2006,157(2): 19-34: 19-34.
[126] Larsen K., Pettersson P. and Wang Y. UPPAAL In A Nutshell [J]. International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer. 1997,1(1-2): 134-152.
[127] Behrmann G., David A., Larsen K., Moller M.O, Pettersson P. and Wang Y.UPPAAL-Present and Future [C]. Proceedings of 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. 2001.
[128] Daws C, Olivero A., Tripakis S. and Yovine S. The Tool Kronos [J]. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 1996, 1066: 208-219.
[129] Chen K. A Semantic Anchoring Infrastructure for Model-Integrated Computing [D]. Ph.D Thesis, Graduate School of Vanderbilt University, 2006.
[130] Zeigler B.P. Multifaceted Modeling and Discrete Event Simulation [M].Academic Press, 1984.
[131] Barros F.J. Dynamic Structure Discrete Event Systems: A Comparison of Methodologies and Environments[C]. SPIE Proceedings: Enabling Methodologies for Simulation. Orlando, FL, pp.268-277,1997.
[132] Pawletta T. A DEVS-based Simulation Approach for Structure Variable Hybrid Systems using High Accuracy Integration Methods[C]. Proceedings of Conference on Conceptual Modeling and Simulation, Part of the Mediterranean Modelling Multiconference (I3M).Genova, Italy, pp. 368-373,2004.
[133] Barros F.J. Abstract Simulators for the DSDE Formalism [C]. Proceedings of the 30th Winter Simulation Conference.Washington DC, pp.407-412,1998.
[134] Shang H., Wainer G. A Simulation Algorithm for Dynamic Structure DEVS Modeling[C]. Proceedings of the 38th Winter Simulation Conference. Monterey,California, pp.815 - 822, 2006.
[135] Zeigler B.P., Ball G., Cho. H, Lee J.S. and Sarjoughian H. Implementation of the DEVS Formalism over the HLA/RTI: Problems and solutions[C]. Proceedings of Spring Simulation Interoperation Workshop (SIW).Orlando, FL: 99S-SIW-065,1999.
[136] Lake T., Zeigler B.P., Sarjoughian H.S. and Nutaro J. DEVS Simulation and HLA Lookahead [C]. Proceedings of Simulation Interoperability Workshop (SIW). Orlando, FL, 00S-SIW-160,2000.
[137] Zacharewicz G., Giambiasi N. and Frydman C. Improving the DEVS/HLA Environment [C]. Proceedings of DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium, DEVS'05,Part of the 2005 SCS Spring Simulation Multi-conference, SpringSim'05. San Diego, CA, USA, 2005.
[138] Zacharewicz G., Giambiasi N. and Frydman C. A New Algorithm for the HLA Lookahead Computing in the DEVS/HLA Environment[C]. Proceedings of European Simulation Interoperability Workshop (EUROSIW). Toulouse, France, 05E-SIW-028,2005.
[139] Fujimoto R.M. Zero Lookahead and Repeatability in the High Level Architecture[C]. Proceedings of Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop.Orlando, FL, 97S-SIW-046,1997.
[140] Cooper K., Hall M. and Kennedy K. A Methodology for Procedure Cloning [J].Computer Languages. 1993,19(2): 105-118.
[141] Vahid F. Procedure Cloning: A transformation for Improved System-level Functional Partitioning [J]. ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems. 1999,4(1): 70-96.
[142] Plevyak J. Optimization of Object-Oriented and Concurrent Programs[D]. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1996.
[143] Shehory O., Sycara K. and Chalasani P.J. Agent Cloning: An Approach to Agent Mobility and Resource Allocation[J]. IEEE Communications. 1998, 36(7): 58-67.
[144] Tanenbaum A.S and Steen M. Distributed Systems: Principles and Paradigms [M].Prentice Hall, 2002.
[145] Addie R.G. Quantum Simulation: Rare Event Simulation by Means of Cloning and Thinning [J]. European Transactions on Telecommunications. 2002, 13(4):387-397.
[146] Gilmer J.B. and Sullivan F.J. Alternative Implementations of Multitrajectory Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference. Washington DC, USA, pp.865-872, 1998.
[147] Gilmer J.B. and Sullivan F.J. Multi-trajectory Simulation Performance for Varying Scenario Size[C]. Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference. Phoenix, Arizona, USA, pp. 1137-1146, 1999.
[148] Gilmer J.B. and Sullivan F.J. Recursive Simulation to Aid Models of Decision Making[C]. Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando,Florida, USA, pp. 958-963, 2000.
[149] Henriksen J.O. An Introduction to SLXTM [C]. Proceedings of the 1997 Winter Simulation Conference. Altlanta, Georgia, USA, pp.559-566, 1997.
[150] Henriksen J.O. Stretching the Boundaries of Simulation Software [C].Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference. Washington DC, USA,pp.227-234,1998.
[151] AbouRizk S. and Mohamed Y. Simphony-An Integrated Environment for Construction Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the 2000 Winter Simulation Conference. Orlando, Florida,USA, p p. 1907-1974, 2000.
[152] Hybinette M. and Fujimoto M. Cloning: A Novel Method for Interactive Parallel Simulation[C]. Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. Atlanta,Georgia, USA,pp.444-451, 1997.
[153] Hybinette M. Interactive Parallel Simulation Environment [D]. Ph.D Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology,2000.
[154]Hybinette M.and Fujimoto M.Cloning parallel Simulations[J].ACM Transactions Modeling and Computer Simulation(TOMACS).2001,11(1):378-407.
[155]Hybinette M.and Fujimoto M.Scalability of Parallel Simulation Cloning[C].In:Proceedings of the 35th Annual Simulation Symposium.San Diego,California,USA,2002.
[156]Hybinette M.Just-in-time Cloning[C].Proceedings of the Eighteenth workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation.Kufstein,Austria,pp.45-51,2004.
[157]Das S.,Fujimoto R.,K.Panesar D,Allison D.and Hybinette M.GTW:A Time Warp System for Shared Memory Multiprocessors[C].Proceedings of the 1994Winter Simulation Conference.Lake Buena Vista,Florida,USA,pp.1332-1339,1994.
[158]Schulze T.,Straβburger S.and Klein U.Online-Data Processing in Simulation Models:New Approaches and Possibilities Through HLA[C].Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference.Washington DC,USA,pp.1602-1609,1999.
[159]Schulze T.,Straβburger S.and Klein U.HLA-federate Reproduction Procedures in Public Transportation Federations[C].Proceedings of the 2000 Summer Computer Simulation Conference.Vancouver.Canada.2000.
[160]曲庆军.高层体系结构(HLA)中兴趣管理的研究和实现[D].工学博士学位论文,国防科技大学,2003.
[161]Rycerz K.J.,Bubak,M.T.,Malawski M.and Sloot P.A Framework for HLA-Based Interactive Simulations on the Grid[J].SIMULATION:Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International.2005,81(1):67-76.
[162]Sztipanovits J.and Karsai G.Model-Integrated Computing[J].IEEE Computer.1997,30(4):110-112.
[163]The GME Project[EB/OL].Available at:http://www.isis.vanderbilt.edu/Projects /gme/.
[164]Szemethy T.Domain-Specific Models,Model Analysis,Model Transformation [D].Ph.D Thesis,Graduate School of Vanderbilt University,2006.
[165]王建华译.Windows核心编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.