金属—电介质多层复合结构负折射及超分辨特性研究
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摘要
近几年来,负折射介质由于其新颖独特的物理性质和重要的应用前景而获得了学术界广泛的关注,并且已经成为当前电磁学界和光电子学界非常前沿和热门的研究领域之一。负折射介质的特性,特别是超透镜效应,引起了人们从微波波段到可见光波段,在理论分析、数值模拟和实验制备方面的广泛研究。
本论文通过等效介质的色散理论分析了平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的负折射效应,并运用FDTD数值模拟方法研究了光束在其中的折射行为和超分辨效应。研究内容包括平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的色散关系,介质分界面上的负折射,超透镜效应,以及远场放大超透镜。
本论文的研究工作和成果如下:
1.从等效介质理论出发,将平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构分别看作直角坐标下和柱坐标下的各向异性介质,在波矢空间中分析给出了平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的色散关系,讨论了平面金属-电介质复合结构(MWGAs)中的全角度负折射效应,分析了具有双曲线型色散曲线的平面金属-电介质复合结构中电磁波的波矢和能流在不同倾斜分界面上的折射行为;清晰地给出了曲面金属-电介质复合结构(hyperlens)的远场超分辨机理。这种波矢空间色散曲线分析方法的物理图象清晰简洁,对复合介质的构建和研究具有指导意义。
2.建立了适用于负折射率材料的双色散时域有限差分模拟平台,用二维FDTD数值模拟方法研究了平面金属-电介质复合结构的出入射端面形貌对折射光的影响。通过构造出射端面,获得了较好的超级透镜超分辨成像效果,成像的强度比原结构提高了24%,分辨率提高了79%,在近场光刻和超分辨成像方面具有良好的应用前景。
3.用二维FDTD数值模拟方法研究了曲面金属-电介质复合结构(hyperlens)中的曲率、层数等结构参数对光束传播与发散特性的影响,分析了宽光谱在结构中的传播特性,对构造更佳的远场超透镜有很重要的指导作用。由曲面金属-电介质多层复合结构性质出发,发明了一种新型远场超分辨载流管,并给出了其操作方法和工作方式。该载流管在工作波长λ下可以分别使相距0.3λ和0.44λ的精细生物和金属结构在远场得到放大可分辨的像,实现了远场超分辨,在生物探测和金属微纳结构超分辨探测等方面具有很高的实用价值。
本论文的创新点主要包括:
1.从等效介质理论出发,分析了平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的色散关系,在波矢空间中结合色散曲线,研究了平面金属-电介质复合结构的负折射效应和倾斜分界面上的折射,及曲面金属-电介质复合结构的远场超分辨机理。
2.用二维FDTD方法研究了金属-电介质复合结构中端面形貌对折射光的调制,通过构造出射端面形貌,获得了更佳的超级透镜超分辨成像效果。
3.研究了曲面金属-电介质复合结构中的曲率、层数等结构参数对光束传播与发散特性的影响,分析了宽光谱在结构中的传播特性。发明了一种新型曲面金属-电介质复合远场超分辨载流管。
Recently, negative refraction materials have received much attention by the academic world due to their unique properties and alluring applications, which is becoming one of the front and hot focuses both for electromagnetic and optical research .Because of its potential applications in near field optics, especially in superlens phenomena and sub-diffraction-limit imaging, more and more scientists devote to the research on physical properties, experimental fabrication and numerical simulations of negative refraction media from microwave frequencies to visible lights.
In this dissertation, effective media dispersion theoretical analysis is used to analyze the negative refraction effect of layered metal-dielectric structure. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the layered metal-dielectric structure. The main work is divided into four parts: dispersion of layered metal-dielectric structure, negative refraction on the interface, superlens phenomena and hyperlens.
The main research works and conclusions are as following:
1. From effective media theory, dispersion relation of layered metal-dielectric structure is obtained to demonstrate the all-angle negative refraction of metal waveguide arrays (MWGAs), analyzed the beam refraction on different gradient interface. The rule for decide the direction the energy direction in the k space is provided and possible combinations for refraction of wave vector and energy flux are given. Investigating the eige electromagnetic modes in anisotropic media in cylindrical coordinates, and the physics of far-field magnification hyperlens is studied by using effective media dispersion theoretical analysis. This analysis of k space dispersion curve provides clear and simple physics image and have advantage in constructing layered structure.
2. Combining Drude dispersion model, two-dimensional double dispersive FDTD simulation software is developed which can accurately simulate the optical phenomena related to dielectric, metal and negative index media. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the layered metal-dielectric structure. By constructing output interface topography, sharper superdiffraction limit imaging is obtained, resolving power is improved to 179%, which has great applications in near-field photolithography and sub-diffraction-limit imaging.
3. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the hyperlens. Influence of curvature radius and layer number of hyperlens on the beam propagation and divergence is studied which is beneficial to the construction of hyperlens. Wavelength range of incident light is also studied to obtain the operating bandwidth of hyperlens. Inventing a curving sub-diffraction-limit carrier pipe which can be used on nanoscale biologic and metallic structure far-field imaging by using hyperlens. 0.3λand 0.44λresolving is obtained and it has great applications in biologic molecule and metallic nanoscale structure detecting.
Highlights of the dissertation are as following:
1. From effective media theory, dispersion relation of layered metal-dielectric structure is obtained to analyze the all-angle negative refraction and beam refraction on gradient interface of metal waveguide arrays, and the physics of far-field magnification hyperlens.
2. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the layered metal-dielectric structure. By constructing output interface topography, sharper superdiffraction limit imaging is obtained.
3. Influence of curvature radius and layer number of hyperlens and wide spectrum on the beam propagation and divergence is studied. Inventing a curving far-field sub-diffraction-limit carrier pipe.
本论文通过等效介质的色散理论分析了平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的负折射效应,并运用FDTD数值模拟方法研究了光束在其中的折射行为和超分辨效应。研究内容包括平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的色散关系,介质分界面上的负折射,超透镜效应,以及远场放大超透镜。
本论文的研究工作和成果如下:
1.从等效介质理论出发,将平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构分别看作直角坐标下和柱坐标下的各向异性介质,在波矢空间中分析给出了平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的色散关系,讨论了平面金属-电介质复合结构(MWGAs)中的全角度负折射效应,分析了具有双曲线型色散曲线的平面金属-电介质复合结构中电磁波的波矢和能流在不同倾斜分界面上的折射行为;清晰地给出了曲面金属-电介质复合结构(hyperlens)的远场超分辨机理。这种波矢空间色散曲线分析方法的物理图象清晰简洁,对复合介质的构建和研究具有指导意义。
2.建立了适用于负折射率材料的双色散时域有限差分模拟平台,用二维FDTD数值模拟方法研究了平面金属-电介质复合结构的出入射端面形貌对折射光的影响。通过构造出射端面,获得了较好的超级透镜超分辨成像效果,成像的强度比原结构提高了24%,分辨率提高了79%,在近场光刻和超分辨成像方面具有良好的应用前景。
3.用二维FDTD数值模拟方法研究了曲面金属-电介质复合结构(hyperlens)中的曲率、层数等结构参数对光束传播与发散特性的影响,分析了宽光谱在结构中的传播特性,对构造更佳的远场超透镜有很重要的指导作用。由曲面金属-电介质多层复合结构性质出发,发明了一种新型远场超分辨载流管,并给出了其操作方法和工作方式。该载流管在工作波长λ下可以分别使相距0.3λ和0.44λ的精细生物和金属结构在远场得到放大可分辨的像,实现了远场超分辨,在生物探测和金属微纳结构超分辨探测等方面具有很高的实用价值。
本论文的创新点主要包括:
1.从等效介质理论出发,分析了平面和曲面金属-电介质复合结构的色散关系,在波矢空间中结合色散曲线,研究了平面金属-电介质复合结构的负折射效应和倾斜分界面上的折射,及曲面金属-电介质复合结构的远场超分辨机理。
2.用二维FDTD方法研究了金属-电介质复合结构中端面形貌对折射光的调制,通过构造出射端面形貌,获得了更佳的超级透镜超分辨成像效果。
3.研究了曲面金属-电介质复合结构中的曲率、层数等结构参数对光束传播与发散特性的影响,分析了宽光谱在结构中的传播特性。发明了一种新型曲面金属-电介质复合远场超分辨载流管。
Recently, negative refraction materials have received much attention by the academic world due to their unique properties and alluring applications, which is becoming one of the front and hot focuses both for electromagnetic and optical research .Because of its potential applications in near field optics, especially in superlens phenomena and sub-diffraction-limit imaging, more and more scientists devote to the research on physical properties, experimental fabrication and numerical simulations of negative refraction media from microwave frequencies to visible lights.
In this dissertation, effective media dispersion theoretical analysis is used to analyze the negative refraction effect of layered metal-dielectric structure. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the layered metal-dielectric structure. The main work is divided into four parts: dispersion of layered metal-dielectric structure, negative refraction on the interface, superlens phenomena and hyperlens.
The main research works and conclusions are as following:
1. From effective media theory, dispersion relation of layered metal-dielectric structure is obtained to demonstrate the all-angle negative refraction of metal waveguide arrays (MWGAs), analyzed the beam refraction on different gradient interface. The rule for decide the direction the energy direction in the k space is provided and possible combinations for refraction of wave vector and energy flux are given. Investigating the eige electromagnetic modes in anisotropic media in cylindrical coordinates, and the physics of far-field magnification hyperlens is studied by using effective media dispersion theoretical analysis. This analysis of k space dispersion curve provides clear and simple physics image and have advantage in constructing layered structure.
2. Combining Drude dispersion model, two-dimensional double dispersive FDTD simulation software is developed which can accurately simulate the optical phenomena related to dielectric, metal and negative index media. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the layered metal-dielectric structure. By constructing output interface topography, sharper superdiffraction limit imaging is obtained, resolving power is improved to 179%, which has great applications in near-field photolithography and sub-diffraction-limit imaging.
3. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the hyperlens. Influence of curvature radius and layer number of hyperlens on the beam propagation and divergence is studied which is beneficial to the construction of hyperlens. Wavelength range of incident light is also studied to obtain the operating bandwidth of hyperlens. Inventing a curving sub-diffraction-limit carrier pipe which can be used on nanoscale biologic and metallic structure far-field imaging by using hyperlens. 0.3λand 0.44λresolving is obtained and it has great applications in biologic molecule and metallic nanoscale structure detecting.
Highlights of the dissertation are as following:
1. From effective media theory, dispersion relation of layered metal-dielectric structure is obtained to analyze the all-angle negative refraction and beam refraction on gradient interface of metal waveguide arrays, and the physics of far-field magnification hyperlens.
2. FDTD numerical simulation is used to study the superlens phenomena in the layered metal-dielectric structure. By constructing output interface topography, sharper superdiffraction limit imaging is obtained.
3. Influence of curvature radius and layer number of hyperlens and wide spectrum on the beam propagation and divergence is studied. Inventing a curving far-field sub-diffraction-limit carrier pipe.
引文
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