氯盐环境下聚丙烯纤维混凝土耐久性能研究
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摘要
聚丙烯纤维混凝土作为对普通混凝土的改良，以其优良的阻裂和抵抗变形的能力广泛应用于重大工程中，聚丙烯纤维混凝土在服役过程中同样会经受各种腐蚀介质的侵蚀，其耐久性失效的问题同样无法忽视。氯盐环境中氯离子侵蚀与钢筋锈蚀是混凝土结构耐久性的主要研究内容，其中氯离子侵蚀引起的钢筋锈蚀是海工混凝土耐久性失效的重要原因，研究氯离子在聚丙烯纤维混凝土中的传输规律，对进一步研究聚丙烯纤维混凝土结构的耐久性及寿命预测具有非常重要的意义。
本文通过试验研究了海洋水下区、海洋潮汐区、海洋盐冻环境、严寒地区海洋潮汐区四种氯盐环境下聚丙烯纤维混凝土的耐久性能，分析了混凝土中氯离子的输运机制，并建立了相应的氯离子扩散模型，具体内容如下：
利用干燥失水法和扫描电镜试验研究了聚丙烯纤维混凝土的微观结构，结果表明，当聚丙烯纤维掺量从0增加到0.1%，混凝土内部结构越来越来致密，有效孔隙率逐渐降低；当聚丙烯纤维掺量从0.1%增加到0.5%，混凝土内部结构逐渐疏松，有效孔隙率逐渐增加。根据理论分析与试验结果，建立了聚丙烯纤维混凝土孔隙率的计算方法，为建立聚丙烯纤维混凝土中氯离子输运模型奠定基础。
采用长期浸泡和干湿交替方式分别模拟海洋水下区与海洋潮汐区环境，研究了纤维掺量对聚丙烯纤维混凝土中氯离子扩散性能的影响，结果表明，适量的聚丙烯纤维可降低侵入混凝土内部的氯离子含量；干湿交替作用下混凝土中氯离子峰值含量与长期浸泡作用下的峰值含量接近；长期浸泡作用下混凝土中氯离子峰值出现于混凝土表面；由于对流作用以及孔隙类似“墨水瓶-束管”微结构的存在，干湿交替作用下氯离子在距离混凝土表面一定深度处存在峰值。根据试验结果与理论分析，分别建立了聚丙烯纤维混凝土中峰值氯离子含量与氯离子扩散系数随纤维掺量变化的数学模型。
采用在氯盐溶液中冻融循环的方式模拟海洋盐冻环境，结果表明，聚丙烯纤维抑制了混凝土表层剥蚀和内部微裂缝的扩展，有效降低了混凝土的质量损失率、相对动弹性模量以及抗折强度损失率。由于对流作用和脱盐作用的存在，氯离子在距离混凝土表面一定深度处存在峰值，氯离子扩散系数随盐冻循环次数逐步减小，且随纤维掺量的增大而增大；基于混凝土盐冻损伤方程，分别建立聚丙烯纤维混凝土中峰值氯离子含量与氯离子扩散系数随盐冻损伤度变化的数学模型。
采用干湿-盐冻复合试验方式模拟严寒地区海洋潮汐环境，研究了循环次数和纤维掺量对混凝土内部损伤和氯离子输运性能的影响，并与干湿交替和盐冻循环作用下的混凝土中氯离子分布进行对比分析。研究表明，盐冻循环与干湿交替共同加速了混凝土表层氯离子的沉积，氯离子在距离混凝土表面一定深度处存在峰值，分别建立了聚丙烯纤维混凝土中峰值氯离子含量和氯离子扩散系数随损伤度变化的数学模型。
基于Fick第二定律，考虑纤维掺量和盐冻损伤对聚丙烯纤维混凝土氯离子扩散性能的影响，针对不同的氯盐侵蚀环境分别建立聚丙烯纤维混凝土的氯离子扩散模型，并对模型进行了试验验证，结果吻合较好，模型的建立为氯盐环境下聚丙烯纤维混凝土结构耐久性设计与寿命预测奠定了基础。
As the improvement to ordinary concrete, Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete wasused widely in major projects with its excellent crack resistance and resistance to deformationcapacity. PPF concrete will also withstand the erosion of various corrosive media as thecommon concrete in its service process, so its durability failure cannot be avoided. Chlorideion penetration and steel corrosion are the main aspects to the durability of concrete structurein chloride environment.Steel corrosion due to chloride ion penetration is the importantreason to cause the durability of concrete failure. To study the durability of PPF concrete, thetransportation model of chloride into PPF concrete under the different chloride environmenthas a very important significance.
This thesis carried out the study on durability of polypropylene fiber reinforced concretein four chloride environment, which contain marine underwater zone, marine tidal zone,marine cold zone, marine tidal zone in cold region. The transport processes of chloride intoPPF concrete were discussed, and the diffusion models of chloride in PPF concrete wereestablished. The content includes:
The drying method and SEM test were carried out to study the microstructure of PPFconcrete. The test showed that the pore structure of PPF concrete turn to be better with theeffective porosity reduced when the Polypropylene fiber was from0to0.1%, but when thecontent increased from0.1%to0.5%, the pore structure of concrete turn to be worse.According to the theoretical analysis and experimental results, the calculation method of theporosity of PPF concrete was established which lay the foundations for the predicting modelof chloride diffusion.
The diffusion properties of chloride in different volume of PPF concrete wereinvestigated by using long-term immersion method and alternation of wet-dry method to simulate marine underwater region and marine tidal region respectively. Due to the presenceof convection and pore like "ink tank-tube" micro-structure, there is a peak of chloride ion inthe distance from the specimen surface. Compared with the long-term immersion, bothchloride properties have the same peak concentration.
Accelerated frost-salt test was used to simulate marine cold zone. The results showedthat the PP fiber can reduce the mass loss while increase the relative dynamic elastic modulus,relative splitting tensile strength. Due to the presence of convection and desalination, there isa peak of chloride ion in the distance from the specimen surface. The chloride diffusioncoefficient decayed with salt-freeze cycles, and increased with the volume of fiber. Therelationship between the peak chloride content and freeze-thaw damage was established byintroducing the concrete freeze-thaw damage variable, and also established the relationshipbetween chloride diffusion coefficient and freeze-thaw damage.
The experiment of dry-wet cycles and salt-freeze cycles working together was used tosimulate marine tidal zone in cold region. Compared with the dry-wet cycles and salt-freezecycles, both environments accelerated the deposition of peak chloride ions, there is a peak ofchloride ion in the distance from the specimen surface. The chloride diffusion coefficientdecayed with the number of combined cycle, and increased with the volume of fiber.
Finally, based on Fick’s second law and the analysis for the fiber volume andfreeze-thaw damage, the chloride diffusion models under different chloride environment wereestablished respectively according to test data. The model is reasonable according toexperimental verification, which provides theory basis for durability life prediction of PPFconcrete structures in chloride corrosion environment.
本文通过试验研究了海洋水下区、海洋潮汐区、海洋盐冻环境、严寒地区海洋潮汐区四种氯盐环境下聚丙烯纤维混凝土的耐久性能，分析了混凝土中氯离子的输运机制，并建立了相应的氯离子扩散模型，具体内容如下：
利用干燥失水法和扫描电镜试验研究了聚丙烯纤维混凝土的微观结构，结果表明，当聚丙烯纤维掺量从0增加到0.1%，混凝土内部结构越来越来致密，有效孔隙率逐渐降低；当聚丙烯纤维掺量从0.1%增加到0.5%，混凝土内部结构逐渐疏松，有效孔隙率逐渐增加。根据理论分析与试验结果，建立了聚丙烯纤维混凝土孔隙率的计算方法，为建立聚丙烯纤维混凝土中氯离子输运模型奠定基础。
采用长期浸泡和干湿交替方式分别模拟海洋水下区与海洋潮汐区环境，研究了纤维掺量对聚丙烯纤维混凝土中氯离子扩散性能的影响，结果表明，适量的聚丙烯纤维可降低侵入混凝土内部的氯离子含量；干湿交替作用下混凝土中氯离子峰值含量与长期浸泡作用下的峰值含量接近；长期浸泡作用下混凝土中氯离子峰值出现于混凝土表面；由于对流作用以及孔隙类似“墨水瓶-束管”微结构的存在，干湿交替作用下氯离子在距离混凝土表面一定深度处存在峰值。根据试验结果与理论分析，分别建立了聚丙烯纤维混凝土中峰值氯离子含量与氯离子扩散系数随纤维掺量变化的数学模型。
采用在氯盐溶液中冻融循环的方式模拟海洋盐冻环境，结果表明，聚丙烯纤维抑制了混凝土表层剥蚀和内部微裂缝的扩展，有效降低了混凝土的质量损失率、相对动弹性模量以及抗折强度损失率。由于对流作用和脱盐作用的存在，氯离子在距离混凝土表面一定深度处存在峰值，氯离子扩散系数随盐冻循环次数逐步减小，且随纤维掺量的增大而增大；基于混凝土盐冻损伤方程，分别建立聚丙烯纤维混凝土中峰值氯离子含量与氯离子扩散系数随盐冻损伤度变化的数学模型。
采用干湿-盐冻复合试验方式模拟严寒地区海洋潮汐环境，研究了循环次数和纤维掺量对混凝土内部损伤和氯离子输运性能的影响，并与干湿交替和盐冻循环作用下的混凝土中氯离子分布进行对比分析。研究表明，盐冻循环与干湿交替共同加速了混凝土表层氯离子的沉积，氯离子在距离混凝土表面一定深度处存在峰值，分别建立了聚丙烯纤维混凝土中峰值氯离子含量和氯离子扩散系数随损伤度变化的数学模型。
基于Fick第二定律，考虑纤维掺量和盐冻损伤对聚丙烯纤维混凝土氯离子扩散性能的影响，针对不同的氯盐侵蚀环境分别建立聚丙烯纤维混凝土的氯离子扩散模型，并对模型进行了试验验证，结果吻合较好，模型的建立为氯盐环境下聚丙烯纤维混凝土结构耐久性设计与寿命预测奠定了基础。
As the improvement to ordinary concrete, Polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete wasused widely in major projects with its excellent crack resistance and resistance to deformationcapacity. PPF concrete will also withstand the erosion of various corrosive media as thecommon concrete in its service process, so its durability failure cannot be avoided. Chlorideion penetration and steel corrosion are the main aspects to the durability of concrete structurein chloride environment.Steel corrosion due to chloride ion penetration is the importantreason to cause the durability of concrete failure. To study the durability of PPF concrete, thetransportation model of chloride into PPF concrete under the different chloride environmenthas a very important significance.
This thesis carried out the study on durability of polypropylene fiber reinforced concretein four chloride environment, which contain marine underwater zone, marine tidal zone,marine cold zone, marine tidal zone in cold region. The transport processes of chloride intoPPF concrete were discussed, and the diffusion models of chloride in PPF concrete wereestablished. The content includes:
The drying method and SEM test were carried out to study the microstructure of PPFconcrete. The test showed that the pore structure of PPF concrete turn to be better with theeffective porosity reduced when the Polypropylene fiber was from0to0.1%, but when thecontent increased from0.1%to0.5%, the pore structure of concrete turn to be worse.According to the theoretical analysis and experimental results, the calculation method of theporosity of PPF concrete was established which lay the foundations for the predicting modelof chloride diffusion.
The diffusion properties of chloride in different volume of PPF concrete wereinvestigated by using long-term immersion method and alternation of wet-dry method to simulate marine underwater region and marine tidal region respectively. Due to the presenceof convection and pore like "ink tank-tube" micro-structure, there is a peak of chloride ion inthe distance from the specimen surface. Compared with the long-term immersion, bothchloride properties have the same peak concentration.
Accelerated frost-salt test was used to simulate marine cold zone. The results showedthat the PP fiber can reduce the mass loss while increase the relative dynamic elastic modulus,relative splitting tensile strength. Due to the presence of convection and desalination, there isa peak of chloride ion in the distance from the specimen surface. The chloride diffusioncoefficient decayed with salt-freeze cycles, and increased with the volume of fiber. Therelationship between the peak chloride content and freeze-thaw damage was established byintroducing the concrete freeze-thaw damage variable, and also established the relationshipbetween chloride diffusion coefficient and freeze-thaw damage.
The experiment of dry-wet cycles and salt-freeze cycles working together was used tosimulate marine tidal zone in cold region. Compared with the dry-wet cycles and salt-freezecycles, both environments accelerated the deposition of peak chloride ions, there is a peak ofchloride ion in the distance from the specimen surface. The chloride diffusion coefficientdecayed with the number of combined cycle, and increased with the volume of fiber.
Finally, based on Fick’s second law and the analysis for the fiber volume andfreeze-thaw damage, the chloride diffusion models under different chloride environment wereestablished respectively according to test data. The model is reasonable according toexperimental verification, which provides theory basis for durability life prediction of PPFconcrete structures in chloride corrosion environment.
引文
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[1] GBT50082-2009《普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性试验方法标准》[S]
[2] GB50081-2002《普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准》[S]
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