新疆博斯腾湖沉积岩芯介形虫组合与碳氧同位素揭示的全新世气候变化研究
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摘要
博斯腾湖是中国最大的内陆淡水湖,是西风影响区的较大湖泊,主要受到西风带来的水汽影响,其湖泊沉积可以良好的记录西风区全新世气候变化的过程。为准确地恢复该区全新世气候变化的模式和过程,本文对博斯腾湖泊中心的BST04H孔岩芯进行了分析:首先通过~(210)pb、~(137)Cs和AMS~(14)C测年手段建立了H孔的年代随深度变化模式;在得到的精确年代的基础上,综合分析包括介形虫丰度、种属百分含量、淡水种、近岸种等特征种以及壳体稳定同位素等指标的变化,重建了区域全新世以来的气候环境演变过程,并通过与该湖其他钻孔研究结果进行对比,得出以下结论:
1.博斯腾湖介形虫丰度指示了湖泊水体环境对于介形虫生存的适宜程度;淡水种指示了湖泊存在外来水源补给,水体淡化;近岸种指示了湖泊水体浓缩,湖面下降;壳体氧同位素的变化范围达11.17‰,远远超出了湖水温度和介形虫种属差异所带来的变化,是湖泊水体同位素的反映,主要受控于区域降水(入流)/蒸发比,其偏正或偏负分别指示了湖泊水体的浓缩和淡化过程。
2.全新世以来湖泊经历了多次的扩张和收缩过程:9620-7420cal yr B.P.湖泊经历早期的不稳定状态到中期的明显的扩张之后湖面升高,水位加深;7420-6100 cal yr B.P湖泊处于相对稳定状态,但水位呈缓慢变浅趋势;6100-5130 calyr B.P湖泊经历了频繁的扩张和收缩过程,但湖面波动程度不大;3750-1130cal yr B.P.湖泊相对稳定,但期间亦出现了短暂的扩张和收缩过程,后期一次湖泊收缩过程可能较为剧烈;1130-490 cal yr B.P.湖泊经历了早期的明显扩张,湖泊水体淡化后趋于稳定;490-101 cal yr B.P.湖泊经历了短暂的浓缩后恢复稳定。
3.与该湖其他钻孔研究结果对比表明,本研究所选用的气候代用指标对气候变化有明显的响应,对快速变化事件也有很好的记录。与BST04H孔、BSTC001孔和XBWu46孔的气候代用指标在气候重建上存在大的一致性,但也有差异,分析原因可能是采样位置差异、样品指标分辨率不同,年代框架不同和指标影响因素差异等原因造成的。
Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China, is strongly influenced by westerly and the climatic changes during the Holocene could be preserved in the lake sediments. In order to understand the processes and the patterns of the Holocene climate in this region, we carried out systemtaic analyses on lake sediments from BST04H core. Based on the age model established by means of ~(210)Pb,~(137)Cs and AMS~(14)C dating, we reconstructed the regional climate and the lake status since early Holocene besed on comprehensive analyses of abundance of ostracods, percentage of species, freshwater species, near-shore species, and stable-isotopes of ostracod shells. Our results have also been compared with others cores in Bosten Lake by previous researches. The primary conclusions are as follows:
1. The abundance of ostracod shells indicates adaptability of the host water for ostracod species. Freshwater species indicates freshwater input and lake level increase. Litorial species indicates decreased water depth and lake level drop. Oxygen isotopes of ostracod shells vary between -4.29‰and 6.88‰,over a range of 10‰,which could not be attributed to water temperature variations or species differences. This large d~(18)O amplitude suggests that it is mainly a reflection of the isotopic composition of the host water, which is controlled by the precipitation (water input)/evaporation ratios.
2. Bosten Lake expereicenced several stages during the Holocence based on the ostracod species assemblages and the stable-isotopes analyses. From 9620-7420cal yr B.P.,the lake expanded and water depth increased; During the period 7420~6100 cal yr B.P., the lake was in a stady state, but the lake level was droping slowly; From 6100-5130 cal yr B.P., the lake level fluctuated freqently with small amplitudes;A relatively stable period appeared during 3750-1130 cal yr B.P.; The lake expanded again and tended to a steady state during late Holocene from 1130-490 cal yr B.P.; The most recent period from 490-101 cal yr B.P., the lake returned to a steady state after a short period of extraction.
3. There is consistency in the records from Bosten Lake between our BST04H core and other cores, but differences are also identified. These differences may be due to differences in sampling locations, sample resolution, age models and the proxy indicators.
1.博斯腾湖介形虫丰度指示了湖泊水体环境对于介形虫生存的适宜程度;淡水种指示了湖泊存在外来水源补给,水体淡化;近岸种指示了湖泊水体浓缩,湖面下降;壳体氧同位素的变化范围达11.17‰,远远超出了湖水温度和介形虫种属差异所带来的变化,是湖泊水体同位素的反映,主要受控于区域降水(入流)/蒸发比,其偏正或偏负分别指示了湖泊水体的浓缩和淡化过程。
2.全新世以来湖泊经历了多次的扩张和收缩过程:9620-7420cal yr B.P.湖泊经历早期的不稳定状态到中期的明显的扩张之后湖面升高,水位加深;7420-6100 cal yr B.P湖泊处于相对稳定状态,但水位呈缓慢变浅趋势;6100-5130 calyr B.P湖泊经历了频繁的扩张和收缩过程,但湖面波动程度不大;3750-1130cal yr B.P.湖泊相对稳定,但期间亦出现了短暂的扩张和收缩过程,后期一次湖泊收缩过程可能较为剧烈;1130-490 cal yr B.P.湖泊经历了早期的明显扩张,湖泊水体淡化后趋于稳定;490-101 cal yr B.P.湖泊经历了短暂的浓缩后恢复稳定。
3.与该湖其他钻孔研究结果对比表明,本研究所选用的气候代用指标对气候变化有明显的响应,对快速变化事件也有很好的记录。与BST04H孔、BSTC001孔和XBWu46孔的气候代用指标在气候重建上存在大的一致性,但也有差异,分析原因可能是采样位置差异、样品指标分辨率不同,年代框架不同和指标影响因素差异等原因造成的。
Bosten Lake, the largest inland freshwater lake in China, is strongly influenced by westerly and the climatic changes during the Holocene could be preserved in the lake sediments. In order to understand the processes and the patterns of the Holocene climate in this region, we carried out systemtaic analyses on lake sediments from BST04H core. Based on the age model established by means of ~(210)Pb,~(137)Cs and AMS~(14)C dating, we reconstructed the regional climate and the lake status since early Holocene besed on comprehensive analyses of abundance of ostracods, percentage of species, freshwater species, near-shore species, and stable-isotopes of ostracod shells. Our results have also been compared with others cores in Bosten Lake by previous researches. The primary conclusions are as follows:
1. The abundance of ostracod shells indicates adaptability of the host water for ostracod species. Freshwater species indicates freshwater input and lake level increase. Litorial species indicates decreased water depth and lake level drop. Oxygen isotopes of ostracod shells vary between -4.29‰and 6.88‰,over a range of 10‰,which could not be attributed to water temperature variations or species differences. This large d~(18)O amplitude suggests that it is mainly a reflection of the isotopic composition of the host water, which is controlled by the precipitation (water input)/evaporation ratios.
2. Bosten Lake expereicenced several stages during the Holocence based on the ostracod species assemblages and the stable-isotopes analyses. From 9620-7420cal yr B.P.,the lake expanded and water depth increased; During the period 7420~6100 cal yr B.P., the lake was in a stady state, but the lake level was droping slowly; From 6100-5130 cal yr B.P., the lake level fluctuated freqently with small amplitudes;A relatively stable period appeared during 3750-1130 cal yr B.P.; The lake expanded again and tended to a steady state during late Holocene from 1130-490 cal yr B.P.; The most recent period from 490-101 cal yr B.P., the lake returned to a steady state after a short period of extraction.
3. There is consistency in the records from Bosten Lake between our BST04H core and other cores, but differences are also identified. These differences may be due to differences in sampling locations, sample resolution, age models and the proxy indicators.
引文
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