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毛白杨不同优良无性系组培特性的比较研究
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摘要
毛白杨(Populus tomentosa Carr.)是我国提交联合国粮农组织和环境计划署审阅重点保护的基因资源。毛白杨无论速生性、材性、抗性和美观长寿等方面,在杨属树种中均表现非常突出,在黄海流域和华北平原有着悠久的栽培历史。毛白杨遗传变异较大,生产上已选出了许多优良无性系,由于常规无性繁殖生根困难,因而严重限制了优良无性系的推广。利用组织培养技术解决毛白杨常规无性繁殖存在的问题,不仅可以获得性状高度一致的群体,而且可以大大加快良种推广的进程。
     本研究选取5个优良的毛白杨无性系,取其顶芽建立无菌苗。以无菌苗的嫩茎、叶片为外植体,通过芽、叶片组织在不同培养基上的茎芽分化及生长,根的诱导等,比较了不同无性系的再生植株能力,主要结果如下:
     1.5个毛白杨无性系通过器官培养途径均能再生植株,但各无性系对基本培养基、激素及其浓度配比的最佳要求各不相同。因此,离体再生植株不仅受环境的控制,而且也取决于基因型。
     2.在附加0.2mg/ml的MS、WPM两种培养基上对5个无性系进行初始培养,结果表明:不同无性系在两种培养基上的反应有差异,其中3个无性系在MS上诱导率高于WPM;1个无性系在两种培养基上诱导率相同;1个无性系在MS上诱导率低于WPM。
     3.以MS为基本培养基,对5个无性系分别在8种激素配比的培养基诱导茎芽分化及生长。5个无性系对不同激素配比的反应各不相同,各无性系最适宜的激素配比分别是:1号无性系BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.05mg/l;2号无性系BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.01mg/l;3号无性系BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.01mg/l;4号无性系BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.01mg/l;5号无性系BA0.7mg/l+NAA0.05mg/l。在5个无性系中,以4号无性系分化性能较好,分化芽数达17个。
     4.以不同无性系无菌苗的叶片为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度的BA和NAA,不同无性系叶片芽诱导及增殖适宜的最佳配比分别为:1号无性系BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.5mg/l,诱导率91.67%;2号无性系BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.5mg/l,诱导率62.4%;3号无性系BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.05mg/l,诱导率100%;4号无性系BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.5mg/l和BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.5mg/l,诱导率100%。芽增殖的激素配比分别为:1号无性系BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.03mg/l;2号、4号无性系BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.01mg/l;3号无性系BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.03mg/l。
     5.以MS为基本培养基,单独添加GA_3时,促进茎芽伸长,对茎芽增殖无显著影
    
    响;与BA和N从配合使用,既促进茎芽伸长,又促进芽的增殖。适于1号和2号无
    性系的浓度均为2.Omg/l。
     6.以1/2MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的激素,诱导不同无性系生根,1号、
    2号、3号无性系在激素为N从0.01璐/1+I BAO.Zmg/l时,生根率最高,分别为96.67%、
    93.33%、56.67%;4号无性系在激素为IBAO.4mg/l时,生根率达最大值,为56.67%;
    5号无性系在激素为IBAO.Zmg/l时,生根率最好,为93.33%。
Populus tomentosa is one of the most important hardwood timber trees in China. Its some aspects are very outstanding in popular such as fast-growing, wood quality, resistance to adversity envirenment conditions and so on. There is a long cultivate history in Huanghe River basin and the Plain of North China for this specice. Owing to its large genetic variation existing in nature and artifical populations, a great deal of excellent clones have been selected to establish fast-growing stands. However wood cuttings are difficult to root or the rooting freauency may be rather low. So their development is limited. In such case tissue culture techniques may be exploited as means of accomplishing clonal propagation. It could not only get chracteritics identical populations, but accelerate excellent clones development and use.
    Five excellent clones of P. tomentosa were used in this study. Tissue of terminal bud was cultured under aseptic conditiond. Sterile shoots and its leaf were used as explant to induce bud differentiation and growth, as well as rooting in different medium. The potential of plantlet regeneration was compared with different clones. The results are as follows:
    1. All five clones of P. tomentosa could obtain regeneration plantlets by organogenesis in vitro. However there is greatly difference in demand in mediunu hormone and concentration for clones. So the growth and differentiation response is not only controlled by cultural environment, but is also dependent upon the genotype.
    2. Inducing rate of two clones are higher on MS than WPM, that of one clone is as high as on two mediums, that of one clone is lower on MS than on WPM. In general MS is more adequate for mass clone. Including BA0.2mg/l on two medium.
    3. Axillary bud of five clones were cultured on MS with different combinations of concentration of hormones. The results indicate that different clones have different the most adequate combination of hormones. No. 1 suits to BA0.3mg/l + NAA0.05mg/l ; No. 2 BA0.3mg/l +NAA0.01mg/l ; No.3 BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.01mg/l ; No. 4 BA0.5mg/l + NAA0.01mg/1 ; No. 5 BA0.7mg/l + NAA0.05mg/l ; Among five clones No. 4 is best to multiplication and growth than the rest, Number of shoots reachs 17 .
    3. Leaves were cultured on MS with different concentration of BA and NAA as explant. Different clones leaf suit to different concentration of hormones. Inducing rate of No. 1 is the higest on BA0.3mg/l +NAA0.5mg/l , attaines 91.67% ; No. 2 on BA0.3mgA + NAA0.5mg/l, inducing rate 100%; No.3 on BAO.Smg/1 +NAA0.05mg/l . inducing rate
    
    
    100% ; No. 4 on BA0.3mg/l + NAA0.5mg/l or BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.5mg/l , inducing rate 100%. Mediums for Multiplication and growth of adventitious shoots as follows: No. 1 is BA0.5mg/l+NAA0.03mg/l ; No. 2 and No. 4 are BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.01mg/l; No. 3 is BA0.3mg/l+NAA0.03mg/l.
    4. GAs can promote growth of shoots. GAs can not only promote growth of shoot but also promote multiplcation of shoot when it is used with BA and NAA. The best concentration of GAa is 2.0mg/ml.
    5. Root were induced on 1/2MS by supplementing of different hormones. The best combination of hormones for No.l No.2 and No.3 are NAA0.01mg/l+ IBA0.2mg/l, No.4 is IBA0.4mg/l, No. 5 is IBA0.2mg/l. Rooting rate is 96.67%> 93.33%, 56.67% 56.67% 93.33% respectively..
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