无线协作传输系统性能分析及多址干扰抑制
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摘要
协作传输作为一种开发空间分集增益的新技术，为传统无线通信系统引入了又一维可用的空间，使得提高传输速率和改善频谱利用率成为了可能。单天线配置、便携式的移动终端相互协调共享彼此的无线资源，在源节点与目的节点之间形成多条通信链路，虚拟构成MIMO系统，为MIMO技术的实用化提供了另外一条途径。因此，协作传输作为未来无线通信网络的关键技术之一，近年来日益受到广泛的关注，并成为当前无线通信领域研究的一个热点。
基于此，本文详细讨论了协作传输技术在各种环境下的性能评估问题，并在此基础上，对终端节点，尤其是中继节点在信道频谱接入时面临的多址干扰抑制进行了相关研究。本文首先调研分析了国内外关于协作通信有关的研究进展。然后从单中继协作传输系统入手，详细推导出全信噪比域适用的衰落信道环境下机会中继和选择中继的性能增益指标计算公式。接着从时间和空间角度探讨非独立信道条件下信道状态信息（CSI）的相关性对系统性能的影响，由此引出频谱接入时多址干扰带来的困扰。最后，在DTR算法的基础上，提出了一种更为合理的多址干扰抑制解决方案：DTR PLUS算法。所得成果可为未来无线通信网络的发展提供部分理论依据和基础。本文的主要工作和贡献如下：
1）一般信道条件下单中继协作传输系统性能参数的理论分析和定量计算公式的推导：单中继协作传输能减少多址干扰、提高频谱资源的利用效率，尤其适合在节点高密集的网络环境。利用概率统计理论，针对单中继无线网络，推导出了两种单中继协作传输系统在独立Nakagami衰落信道中的性能指标，得到机会中继和选择中继传输系统采用DF中继策略SC和MRC接收时中断概率、误符号率和信道容量的表达式，并通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论推导的有效性，该部分性能指标表达式的推导为深入研究协作传输系统提供了数学分析根据。
2） CSI相关性对协作分集性能影响的理论分析和定量计算公式的推导：CSI无论是对无线网络中各类协议设计还是对系统参数的选择配置都起着至关重要的作用，借助前面建立的独立信道环境下的性能分析研究成果，进一步分析非独立信道环境下CSI在时间相关性和空间相关性上对协作传输系统带来的影响。分析表明，无线信道的多变性会对协作机制的分集性能带来致命的影响，时间相关性越大，协作系统性能越少受影响，而空间相关性越大，协作传输系统的性能受到的影响却越大。此外，通过仿真验证表明，由推出的理论公式所得的理论计算值与实际模拟仿真值吻合的非常好，印证了理论分析的有效性。
3）提出干扰抑制的多址频谱接入新算法：针对分布式无线协作网络中多中继接入信道的复杂频谱管理问题，提出了一种基于DTR协议的改进算法DTR PLUS。该算法采取局部博弈的方式选择单个接入信道的中继节点，避免了DTR协议中随机接入带来的大量退避或碰撞时延消耗；并且采用门限策略灵活控制接入信道的标准和中继与源节点局部交互信息的方式，取代了基站或AP选择最优中继的集中式控制，使算法完全适合在分布式网络中实施，所需通信开销也远小于退避或碰撞传输所付出的代价。分析与仿真结果表明，在未明显增加网络开销的情况下，新算法在减少端到端平均传输时延和改善系统吞吐量等方面比DTR算法具有更优越的性能。
Cooperative transmission, as a promising technique exploiting space diversity gain,offers a new dimension of freedom, which makes higher transmission rate and higherspectrum utilization possible. Single antenna and portable mobile terminals coordinate andshare wireless resource each other. Accordingly, multiple communication links between thesource nodes and the destination nodes are established with a virtual MIMO (Multiple Inputand Multiple Output) system, providing approaches for MIMO technique implementation. Asa result, cooperative transmission is taken as one of the key technologies for future wirelesscommunication networks and draw tremendous attention. Also, it has become a hotspot in theresearch of the wireless communication field.
Therefore, this thesis focuses on the performance evaluation of cooperative transmissionover all kind of environments. Based on these evaluation results, the problem of multipleaccess interference suppressions when terminals and relay nodes access into the wirelesschannels is studied. This thesis attempts to be self-contained and begins with a summary ofefforts poured into the topic by both domestic and international researchers. Holding singlerelay cooperative transmission systems as objective, this thesis will focus on performanceanalysis of opportunistic relaying and selection relaying over fading channels, and the effectsof variable CSI (Channel State Information) on system are well analyzed by lateral andvertical directions. Then, the theoretical analysis obtained above draw forth the multiplespectrum access interference and possible solutions resolving multiple access interferencesuppressions are provided at last. The results and conclusions obtained in this thesis can bepartial theoretical bases for the future wireless communication networks.
The main contributions of this thesis are as follows:
1) With the probability and statistics theory, aiming at single relay wireless networks,the performance parameters of two single relay selection cooperative transmissionsystems over Nakagami fading channels are put forward. For single relay cooperativetransmission can decrease multiple access interference and improve spectrumutilization, especcially in dense network circumstance, outage probability, symbolerror rate and channel capacity performances for opportunistic relaying and selectionrelaying with DF (Decode-and-Forward) are derived at arbitrary signal-to-ratios,respectively. Then, the theoretical analyses are validated by Monte Carlo simulations.The obtained closed-form expressions provide an analytic method of studying wireless cooperative transmission systems.
2) CSI is crucial to all kinds of protocol designs for wireless networks. Based on theperformance parameters of single relay cooperative communication, the effects oflateral and vertical CSI correlation on cooperative transmission systems are wellanalyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and simulations show that, from lateraldirection, the varied wireless channels may bring fatal influence to the performanceof the cooperative network, and the more time correlation, the little effects oncooperative performance. However, from vertical direction, the more spacecorrelation, the more effects on cooperative performance. Moreover, simulationresults show that the derived exact results very well match with the simulation curves,which illustrate the validity of overall numerical performance analyses results.
3) Due to the complex spectrum management in multi-relay channel accesses fordistributed wireless cooperative networks, an improved DTR (Distributed ThresholdRelaying) algorithm is proposed based on the local game between source and relays,which selects a best relay offering cooperation. In our novel algorithm, each sourcecontrols its standard of accessing channel with threshold scheme adaptively, whichsubstitutes base station or AP (Access Point) in centralized networks and couldcarried out in distributed systems. In addition, the added communication overheadwould pay less compared with the backoff time and collision in DTR. Analysis andsimulation results show that our proposed algorithm, without increasing significantnetwork overhead, provides less delay consumption and more throughputimprovement compared to DTR.
基于此，本文详细讨论了协作传输技术在各种环境下的性能评估问题，并在此基础上，对终端节点，尤其是中继节点在信道频谱接入时面临的多址干扰抑制进行了相关研究。本文首先调研分析了国内外关于协作通信有关的研究进展。然后从单中继协作传输系统入手，详细推导出全信噪比域适用的衰落信道环境下机会中继和选择中继的性能增益指标计算公式。接着从时间和空间角度探讨非独立信道条件下信道状态信息（CSI）的相关性对系统性能的影响，由此引出频谱接入时多址干扰带来的困扰。最后，在DTR算法的基础上，提出了一种更为合理的多址干扰抑制解决方案：DTR PLUS算法。所得成果可为未来无线通信网络的发展提供部分理论依据和基础。本文的主要工作和贡献如下：
1）一般信道条件下单中继协作传输系统性能参数的理论分析和定量计算公式的推导：单中继协作传输能减少多址干扰、提高频谱资源的利用效率，尤其适合在节点高密集的网络环境。利用概率统计理论，针对单中继无线网络，推导出了两种单中继协作传输系统在独立Nakagami衰落信道中的性能指标，得到机会中继和选择中继传输系统采用DF中继策略SC和MRC接收时中断概率、误符号率和信道容量的表达式，并通过蒙特卡罗仿真验证了理论推导的有效性，该部分性能指标表达式的推导为深入研究协作传输系统提供了数学分析根据。
2） CSI相关性对协作分集性能影响的理论分析和定量计算公式的推导：CSI无论是对无线网络中各类协议设计还是对系统参数的选择配置都起着至关重要的作用，借助前面建立的独立信道环境下的性能分析研究成果，进一步分析非独立信道环境下CSI在时间相关性和空间相关性上对协作传输系统带来的影响。分析表明，无线信道的多变性会对协作机制的分集性能带来致命的影响，时间相关性越大，协作系统性能越少受影响，而空间相关性越大，协作传输系统的性能受到的影响却越大。此外，通过仿真验证表明，由推出的理论公式所得的理论计算值与实际模拟仿真值吻合的非常好，印证了理论分析的有效性。
3）提出干扰抑制的多址频谱接入新算法：针对分布式无线协作网络中多中继接入信道的复杂频谱管理问题，提出了一种基于DTR协议的改进算法DTR PLUS。该算法采取局部博弈的方式选择单个接入信道的中继节点，避免了DTR协议中随机接入带来的大量退避或碰撞时延消耗；并且采用门限策略灵活控制接入信道的标准和中继与源节点局部交互信息的方式，取代了基站或AP选择最优中继的集中式控制，使算法完全适合在分布式网络中实施，所需通信开销也远小于退避或碰撞传输所付出的代价。分析与仿真结果表明，在未明显增加网络开销的情况下，新算法在减少端到端平均传输时延和改善系统吞吐量等方面比DTR算法具有更优越的性能。
Cooperative transmission, as a promising technique exploiting space diversity gain,offers a new dimension of freedom, which makes higher transmission rate and higherspectrum utilization possible. Single antenna and portable mobile terminals coordinate andshare wireless resource each other. Accordingly, multiple communication links between thesource nodes and the destination nodes are established with a virtual MIMO (Multiple Inputand Multiple Output) system, providing approaches for MIMO technique implementation. Asa result, cooperative transmission is taken as one of the key technologies for future wirelesscommunication networks and draw tremendous attention. Also, it has become a hotspot in theresearch of the wireless communication field.
Therefore, this thesis focuses on the performance evaluation of cooperative transmissionover all kind of environments. Based on these evaluation results, the problem of multipleaccess interference suppressions when terminals and relay nodes access into the wirelesschannels is studied. This thesis attempts to be self-contained and begins with a summary ofefforts poured into the topic by both domestic and international researchers. Holding singlerelay cooperative transmission systems as objective, this thesis will focus on performanceanalysis of opportunistic relaying and selection relaying over fading channels, and the effectsof variable CSI (Channel State Information) on system are well analyzed by lateral andvertical directions. Then, the theoretical analysis obtained above draw forth the multiplespectrum access interference and possible solutions resolving multiple access interferencesuppressions are provided at last. The results and conclusions obtained in this thesis can bepartial theoretical bases for the future wireless communication networks.
The main contributions of this thesis are as follows:
1) With the probability and statistics theory, aiming at single relay wireless networks,the performance parameters of two single relay selection cooperative transmissionsystems over Nakagami fading channels are put forward. For single relay cooperativetransmission can decrease multiple access interference and improve spectrumutilization, especcially in dense network circumstance, outage probability, symbolerror rate and channel capacity performances for opportunistic relaying and selectionrelaying with DF (Decode-and-Forward) are derived at arbitrary signal-to-ratios,respectively. Then, the theoretical analyses are validated by Monte Carlo simulations.The obtained closed-form expressions provide an analytic method of studying wireless cooperative transmission systems.
2) CSI is crucial to all kinds of protocol designs for wireless networks. Based on theperformance parameters of single relay cooperative communication, the effects oflateral and vertical CSI correlation on cooperative transmission systems are wellanalyzed. Both the theoretical analysis and simulations show that, from lateraldirection, the varied wireless channels may bring fatal influence to the performanceof the cooperative network, and the more time correlation, the little effects oncooperative performance. However, from vertical direction, the more spacecorrelation, the more effects on cooperative performance. Moreover, simulationresults show that the derived exact results very well match with the simulation curves,which illustrate the validity of overall numerical performance analyses results.
3) Due to the complex spectrum management in multi-relay channel accesses fordistributed wireless cooperative networks, an improved DTR (Distributed ThresholdRelaying) algorithm is proposed based on the local game between source and relays,which selects a best relay offering cooperation. In our novel algorithm, each sourcecontrols its standard of accessing channel with threshold scheme adaptively, whichsubstitutes base station or AP (Access Point) in centralized networks and couldcarried out in distributed systems. In addition, the added communication overheadwould pay less compared with the backoff time and collision in DTR. Analysis andsimulation results show that our proposed algorithm, without increasing significantnetwork overhead, provides less delay consumption and more throughputimprovement compared to DTR.
引文
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