射频识别技术研究与应用设计
摘要
RFID(Radio Frequency Identification),即射频识别,是一种利用无线射频方式在阅读器和标签之间进行非接触双向数据传输,以达到目标识别和数据交换目的的技术。
射频自动识别技术在许多服务领域、在货物销售与后勤分配方面、在生产企业和材料流通领域等都得到了快速的普及和推广大大方便了对人流、物流的管理和信息的采集和统计,极大地提高了生产效率,方便了人们的日常生活。以射频识别为基础的电子标签技术研究与应用有着广泛的发展前景。
论文的主要工作包括以下几个部分。
1.射频识别技术的通信原理、系统构成、工作过程、关键技术等分析。
2.介绍了RFID关键技术中的防碰撞算法原理及常用的防碰撞算法。
3.本文设计了远距离有源RFID系统。该系统采用了Nordic公司的nRF24L01芯片作为系统的射频收发器。该芯片是一款功能强大的单片射频GFSK收发芯片,工作在2.4～2.5GHz全球开放的ISM频段,工作速率为0～2Mbps,最大发射功率0dBm。标签和读卡器分别采用了不同的MSP430芯片作为各自的主控制器。
4.分析了项目中的防碰撞算法,实现二进制搜索算法的器件需要曼彻斯特编解码器,而nRF24L01采用的是GFSK编码方式,所以项目采用了ALOHA算法。针对ALOHA算法和时隙ALOHA算法,文章对其性能在参数大小不同的情形下进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:
(1)时隙ALOHA算法比纯ALOHA算法无论在重发次数还是系统延时上系统性能都有明显改善。
(2)对于任何一种算法,需要合理选择退避区间:退避区间太大,则标签数量较少时系统延时较大,退避区间太小,则标签数量较大时系统延时较大。退避区间的选择应该结合系统性能指标的要求来选取。
5.在IAR公司的EW430开发环境下,开发了嵌入式软件。软件基本实现了项目预定的功能。
RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) is a kind of technology which aim to achieve the target identification and exchange data .This technology use radio frequency to achive non-contact two-way data transmission between tags and readers.
The radio frequency identification technology is fast popularized in many services, the freight distribution ,the rear service , the production enterprise and the material current, which greatly facilitated the management of the people and substance, and also make information gathering and the statistics convenient and enormously enhanced the production efficiency and facilitated people's daily life. RFID-based research and application of electronic tagging technology has a broad rang of development.
The main tasks of this paper include the following parts.
1. Analysis of RFID communications mechanism, system structure, process, key technology, and so on.
2. Introduction for the RFID technology in key anti-collision algorithm and the theory of popular anti-collision algorithm.
3. Paper designed remote active RFID systems. The system uses the Nordic's nRF24L01 chip as a sytem of RF transceiver, working in the 2.4 to 2.5 GHz the global open ISM band, rating of 0 to 2Mbps, the maximum emission power 0 dBm. Tags and readers were using different MSP430 chips as their main controller.
4. Aanlysis of the projects in the anti-collision. The binery search algorithm requires Manchester codeing devices,but nRF24L01 using GFSK coding,so project adopte ALOHA algorithm. According to ALOHA algorithm and slot ALOHA algorithm, the article do simulation in the case of performance parameters of different sizes. Simulation results show that:
(1) Slot ALOHA algorithm both in the number of re-issued and on the system delay has significantly improved for ALOHA algorithm.
(2) For any of the algorithm, a logical choice backoff interval is needed. If backoff is too big, when the number of tag is little the system delay would be too large. If backoff interval is too little, when the number of tag is large sytem delay would be too large. Backoff interval should be choice according to the requirements of sytem performance.
5.0n IAR'S EW430 development environment, paper develops embedded software. Embedded software implemente basic functions of the project.
射频自动识别技术在许多服务领域、在货物销售与后勤分配方面、在生产企业和材料流通领域等都得到了快速的普及和推广大大方便了对人流、物流的管理和信息的采集和统计,极大地提高了生产效率,方便了人们的日常生活。以射频识别为基础的电子标签技术研究与应用有着广泛的发展前景。
论文的主要工作包括以下几个部分。
1.射频识别技术的通信原理、系统构成、工作过程、关键技术等分析。
2.介绍了RFID关键技术中的防碰撞算法原理及常用的防碰撞算法。
3.本文设计了远距离有源RFID系统。该系统采用了Nordic公司的nRF24L01芯片作为系统的射频收发器。该芯片是一款功能强大的单片射频GFSK收发芯片,工作在2.4～2.5GHz全球开放的ISM频段,工作速率为0～2Mbps,最大发射功率0dBm。标签和读卡器分别采用了不同的MSP430芯片作为各自的主控制器。
4.分析了项目中的防碰撞算法,实现二进制搜索算法的器件需要曼彻斯特编解码器,而nRF24L01采用的是GFSK编码方式,所以项目采用了ALOHA算法。针对ALOHA算法和时隙ALOHA算法,文章对其性能在参数大小不同的情形下进行了仿真,仿真结果表明:
(1)时隙ALOHA算法比纯ALOHA算法无论在重发次数还是系统延时上系统性能都有明显改善。
(2)对于任何一种算法,需要合理选择退避区间:退避区间太大,则标签数量较少时系统延时较大,退避区间太小,则标签数量较大时系统延时较大。退避区间的选择应该结合系统性能指标的要求来选取。
5.在IAR公司的EW430开发环境下,开发了嵌入式软件。软件基本实现了项目预定的功能。
RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) is a kind of technology which aim to achieve the target identification and exchange data .This technology use radio frequency to achive non-contact two-way data transmission between tags and readers.
The radio frequency identification technology is fast popularized in many services, the freight distribution ,the rear service , the production enterprise and the material current, which greatly facilitated the management of the people and substance, and also make information gathering and the statistics convenient and enormously enhanced the production efficiency and facilitated people's daily life. RFID-based research and application of electronic tagging technology has a broad rang of development.
The main tasks of this paper include the following parts.
1. Analysis of RFID communications mechanism, system structure, process, key technology, and so on.
2. Introduction for the RFID technology in key anti-collision algorithm and the theory of popular anti-collision algorithm.
3. Paper designed remote active RFID systems. The system uses the Nordic's nRF24L01 chip as a sytem of RF transceiver, working in the 2.4 to 2.5 GHz the global open ISM band, rating of 0 to 2Mbps, the maximum emission power 0 dBm. Tags and readers were using different MSP430 chips as their main controller.
4. Aanlysis of the projects in the anti-collision. The binery search algorithm requires Manchester codeing devices,but nRF24L01 using GFSK coding,so project adopte ALOHA algorithm. According to ALOHA algorithm and slot ALOHA algorithm, the article do simulation in the case of performance parameters of different sizes. Simulation results show that:
(1) Slot ALOHA algorithm both in the number of re-issued and on the system delay has significantly improved for ALOHA algorithm.
(2) For any of the algorithm, a logical choice backoff interval is needed. If backoff is too big, when the number of tag is little the system delay would be too large. If backoff interval is too little, when the number of tag is large sytem delay would be too large. Backoff interval should be choice according to the requirements of sytem performance.
5.0n IAR'S EW430 development environment, paper develops embedded software. Embedded software implemente basic functions of the project.
引文
[1]Klaus Finkenzeller,Fundamentals and applications in contactless smart cards and identification.Chichester:John Wiley,Leipzig,dritte edition,2003
[2]周晓光,王晓华,射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例,北京,人民邮电出版社,2006
[3]徐丽香,蓝运维,RFID二进制搜索法防碰撞的实现,单片机及嵌入式系统应用,NO.3,2007
[4]游战清,李苏剑,无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用,北京,电子工业出版社,2004
[5]史永彬,叶湘滨,基于MSP430的无线传感器网络设计,单片机与嵌入式应用,NO.25,2006
[6]魏小龙,MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[7]NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR,Signle Chip 2.4G Transceiver nRF24L01,PRODUCT SPECIFICATION,2007
[8]Hung-Yu Chien and Che-Hao Chen,Computer Standards & Interfaces,Volume 29,Issue 2,February 2007
[9]E.W.T.Ngai,T.C.E.Cheng,S.Au and etc.Mobile commerce integrated with RFID technology in a container depot,Decision Support Systems,Volume 43,Issue 1,2007
[10]张志涌,徐彦琴,MATLAB教程——基于6.x版本,北京,北京航空航天大学,2001,
[11]沈建华等,MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计,北京,清华大学出版社,2005
[12]陈大才译,Klaus Finkenzelle著,射频识别(RFID)技术,北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[13]胡建,李强,闵昊,时隙ALOHA法在RFID系统防碰撞问题中的应用,上海,应用科学学报,2005
[14]熊燕,一种MSP430芯片的双机互联模式及其应用,仪器仪表用户,NO.7,2005
[15]官洪运,徐金娣,李德敏,无线局域网802.11协议及其MAC层实现.上海:东华大学学报(自然科学版).2004
[16]Seirian Sumner,Eric Lucas,Jessie Barker and etc.Radio-Tagging Technology Reveals Extreme Nest-Drifting Behavior in a Eusocial Insect,SHORT COMMUNICATION Current Biology,Volume 17,Issue 2,January 2007
[17]J.L.Botrel,Polysilicon high frequency devices for large area electronics Characterization,simulation and modeling.Thin Solid Films,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 23January 2007
[18]A.Regattieri,M.Gamberi and R.Manzin,Traceability of food products,General framework and experimental evidence.Journal of Food Engineering,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 8 January 2007
[19]史永彬,叶湘滨,基于MSP430的无线传感器网络设计,北京,单片机与嵌入式系统,2006
[20]周纯杰,宋明权,王永骥,CAN总线网络节点通信的一种方法及实现.湖北,控制工程,2005
[21]S.Alan,Reid,Is society smart enough to deal with smart cards ARTICLE Computer Law & Security Report,Volume 23,Issue 1,2007,Pages 53-61
[22]Keunho Yun and Daijin Kim,Robust location tracking using a dual layer particle filter,Pervasive and Mobile Computing,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 12December 2006
[23]McMeekin T.A.,Baranyi J.,Bowman J.,and etc.,Information systems in food safety management,International Journal of Food Microbiology,Volume 112,Issue 3,December 2006
[24]Wu N.C.,Nystrom M.A.,Lin T.R.and etc.Challenges to global RFID adoption.Technovation,Volume 26,Issue 12,December 2006
[25]Reiner Jedermann,Christian Behrens,Detmar Westphal and etc.,Applying autonomous sensor systems in logistics—Combining sensor networks,RFIDs and software agents.Sensors and Actuators A,Physical,Volume 132,Issue 1,November 2006
[26]王小军,郝迎吉,张斌,单片机串行通信中两个问题的讨论,西安,自动控制,2001
[27]刘昌珍,基于微机与智能仪器的485通信协议江苏,无锡商业职业技术学院学报,2005
[28]王鸿菊,RFID系统设计与碰撞算法研究[学位论文],陕西,西北工业大学,2007
[29]孙永飞,基于ARM的RFID读卡器设计[学位论文],江苏,南京理工大学,2007
[30]陈建,基于RFID的管理信息系统的设计与实现[学位论文],四川,电子科技大学,2004
[31]Sangjun Kim,Euiho Suh and Keedong Yoo.A study of context inference for Web-based information systems.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,In Press,Uncorrected Proof,Available online 21 December 2006
[32]刘舒祺,RFID阅读器与智能车辆识别方案研究[学位论文],江苏,苏州大学.2005
[33]全晶,射频识别系统中若干关键技术的研究,华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2006
[34]陈旭昌,基于RFID的煤矿井下人员定位与管理系统设计,河南:工矿自动化,2006,
[35]邹国红,蒋国平,基于时隙的防碰撞算法及其实现,辽宁:基于时隙的防碰撞算法及其实现,2006
[36]郭文波,史仪凯,基于USB和nRF2401的图像采集传输方法研究,西安,光学仪器,NO.35,2006
[37]韩学军,刘滨涛,陈永辉等,基于无线通信的高压断路器温度在线监测系统,电力系统自动化,2006
[38]祁亚萍,戴榆兴,基于MODBUS协议的UPS与PC机通信设计与实现,低压电器,2005
[39]庞宏刚,RS-485总线通讯系统应用,湖南,纺织机械,NO.3,2005
[40]张有光,杜万,张秀春等,全球三大RFID标准体系比较分析,中国标准化,2006
[2]周晓光,王晓华,射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例,北京,人民邮电出版社,2006
[3]徐丽香,蓝运维,RFID二进制搜索法防碰撞的实现,单片机及嵌入式系统应用,NO.3,2007
[4]游战清,李苏剑,无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用,北京,电子工业出版社,2004
[5]史永彬,叶湘滨,基于MSP430的无线传感器网络设计,单片机与嵌入式应用,NO.25,2006
[6]魏小龙,MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,2002
[7]NORDIC SEMICONDUCTOR,Signle Chip 2.4G Transceiver nRF24L01,PRODUCT SPECIFICATION,2007
[8]Hung-Yu Chien and Che-Hao Chen,Computer Standards & Interfaces,Volume 29,Issue 2,February 2007
[9]E.W.T.Ngai,T.C.E.Cheng,S.Au and etc.Mobile commerce integrated with RFID technology in a container depot,Decision Support Systems,Volume 43,Issue 1,2007
[10]张志涌,徐彦琴,MATLAB教程——基于6.x版本,北京,北京航空航天大学,2001,
[11]沈建华等,MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机实践与系统设计,北京,清华大学出版社,2005
[12]陈大才译,Klaus Finkenzelle著,射频识别(RFID)技术,北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[13]胡建,李强,闵昊,时隙ALOHA法在RFID系统防碰撞问题中的应用,上海,应用科学学报,2005
[14]熊燕,一种MSP430芯片的双机互联模式及其应用,仪器仪表用户,NO.7,2005
[15]官洪运,徐金娣,李德敏,无线局域网802.11协议及其MAC层实现.上海:东华大学学报(自然科学版).2004
[16]Seirian Sumner,Eric Lucas,Jessie Barker and etc.Radio-Tagging Technology Reveals Extreme Nest-Drifting Behavior in a Eusocial Insect,SHORT COMMUNICATION Current Biology,Volume 17,Issue 2,January 2007
[17]J.L.Botrel,Polysilicon high frequency devices for large area electronics Characterization,simulation and modeling.Thin Solid Films,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 23January 2007
[18]A.Regattieri,M.Gamberi and R.Manzin,Traceability of food products,General framework and experimental evidence.Journal of Food Engineering,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 8 January 2007
[19]史永彬,叶湘滨,基于MSP430的无线传感器网络设计,北京,单片机与嵌入式系统,2006
[20]周纯杰,宋明权,王永骥,CAN总线网络节点通信的一种方法及实现.湖北,控制工程,2005
[21]S.Alan,Reid,Is society smart enough to deal with smart cards ARTICLE Computer Law & Security Report,Volume 23,Issue 1,2007,Pages 53-61
[22]Keunho Yun and Daijin Kim,Robust location tracking using a dual layer particle filter,Pervasive and Mobile Computing,In Press,Corrected Proof,Available online 12December 2006
[23]McMeekin T.A.,Baranyi J.,Bowman J.,and etc.,Information systems in food safety management,International Journal of Food Microbiology,Volume 112,Issue 3,December 2006
[24]Wu N.C.,Nystrom M.A.,Lin T.R.and etc.Challenges to global RFID adoption.Technovation,Volume 26,Issue 12,December 2006
[25]Reiner Jedermann,Christian Behrens,Detmar Westphal and etc.,Applying autonomous sensor systems in logistics—Combining sensor networks,RFIDs and software agents.Sensors and Actuators A,Physical,Volume 132,Issue 1,November 2006
[26]王小军,郝迎吉,张斌,单片机串行通信中两个问题的讨论,西安,自动控制,2001
[27]刘昌珍,基于微机与智能仪器的485通信协议江苏,无锡商业职业技术学院学报,2005
[28]王鸿菊,RFID系统设计与碰撞算法研究[学位论文],陕西,西北工业大学,2007
[29]孙永飞,基于ARM的RFID读卡器设计[学位论文],江苏,南京理工大学,2007
[30]陈建,基于RFID的管理信息系统的设计与实现[学位论文],四川,电子科技大学,2004
[31]Sangjun Kim,Euiho Suh and Keedong Yoo.A study of context inference for Web-based information systems.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,In Press,Uncorrected Proof,Available online 21 December 2006
[32]刘舒祺,RFID阅读器与智能车辆识别方案研究[学位论文],江苏,苏州大学.2005
[33]全晶,射频识别系统中若干关键技术的研究,华东师范大学硕士学位论文,2006
[34]陈旭昌,基于RFID的煤矿井下人员定位与管理系统设计,河南:工矿自动化,2006,
[35]邹国红,蒋国平,基于时隙的防碰撞算法及其实现,辽宁:基于时隙的防碰撞算法及其实现,2006
[36]郭文波,史仪凯,基于USB和nRF2401的图像采集传输方法研究,西安,光学仪器,NO.35,2006
[37]韩学军,刘滨涛,陈永辉等,基于无线通信的高压断路器温度在线监测系统,电力系统自动化,2006
[38]祁亚萍,戴榆兴,基于MODBUS协议的UPS与PC机通信设计与实现,低压电器,2005
[39]庞宏刚,RS-485总线通讯系统应用,湖南,纺织机械,NO.3,2005
[40]张有光,杜万,张秀春等,全球三大RFID标准体系比较分析,中国标准化,2006