超声波在钻柱中的传播特性研究
|
摘要
20世纪90年代以来,井下测量技术的发展成为钻井领域的一项重大技术进步。虽然井下信号的实时采集和地面信号处理不再是难题,但如何实现井下信号长距离、双向、快速传输仍然是制约井下测控技术发展的关键。文章通过理论计算和实验分析的手段,研究了在钻柱中超声波的传播和衰减规律。首先分析计算了超声波在钻柱中折射和反射规律,结合超声波散射、吸收等物理特性,总结出钻柱中超声波的衰减模式;然后结合钻井工程实际,在分析适用于井下信号传输的超声波换能器参数要求的基础上,设计了换能器的结构和尺寸,并对换能器做了声匹配和电路匹配,同时设计并建成了模拟井下信号传输实验装置系统;最后,通过实验手段,得到了超声波在不同结构和长度的钻住中的传播数据,从而验证和回归了理论分析所得的结论,验证了超声波在钻柱中短传的可行性,并为近钻头测量系统传输信号提供了超声波参数选择,同时分析总结出在钻柱中超声波的衰减方程,以此判断超声波在钻柱中长距离传输的可能。
Since 1990’s, the technology of down-hole drilling measurement have made significant advancement as a major drilling technology. Although it’s no longer difficult to the measurement of real-time signal and signal processing, how to make the underground signal transmission rapidly with long distance and intercommunication between ground and bottom-hole is the key to restrict down-hole telemetry technology. In the paper, by means of theoretical analysis and experiment, study the ultrasonic attenuation along the drill string. Firstly, analyze the ultrasound law of refraction and reflection by the drill string combined with other physical properties of ultrasound wave to get the attenuation model of ultrasonic transmitting along the drill string. Then, describe the parameters’requirements of the ultrasonic transducer for down-hole signal transmission. Design the structure and size of the transducer, matching acoustic and electrical parameters. Introduce the simulation system of down-hole signal transmission while drilling process. Design the various parts’functions of the structure. At last, by the means of experiment verify and regress the results of the theoretical analysis. Prove the feasibility of the ultrasonic transmission by drill string .Design the ultrasound parameters for the Near Bit Measurement System.
Since 1990’s, the technology of down-hole drilling measurement have made significant advancement as a major drilling technology. Although it’s no longer difficult to the measurement of real-time signal and signal processing, how to make the underground signal transmission rapidly with long distance and intercommunication between ground and bottom-hole is the key to restrict down-hole telemetry technology. In the paper, by means of theoretical analysis and experiment, study the ultrasonic attenuation along the drill string. Firstly, analyze the ultrasound law of refraction and reflection by the drill string combined with other physical properties of ultrasound wave to get the attenuation model of ultrasonic transmitting along the drill string. Then, describe the parameters’requirements of the ultrasonic transducer for down-hole signal transmission. Design the structure and size of the transducer, matching acoustic and electrical parameters. Introduce the simulation system of down-hole signal transmission while drilling process. Design the various parts’functions of the structure. At last, by the means of experiment verify and regress the results of the theoretical analysis. Prove the feasibility of the ultrasonic transmission by drill string .Design the ultrasound parameters for the Near Bit Measurement System.
引文
[1] 刘修善,苏义脑.地面信号下传系统得方案设计.石油学报,2000;21(6):88-92
[2] 杨兴琴.随钻数据传输新技术.石油仪器,2004;26:27-30
[3] Arps J J. Continuous logging while drilling-apractical reality[C]. SPE Annual Fall Meeting, New Orleans, 1963-10
[4] 程华,张铁军.随钻信息的有线钻杆传输技术发展历程和最新进展.特种油气藏,2004;11(5):85-88
[5] 石崇东,张绍槐.智能钻柱设计方案及其应用.石油钻探技术,2004;32(6):7-10
[6] 张守钦.一种新型的随钻测量系统.西部探矿工程,2001;68(1):43-44
[7] DeGauque P and Grudzinski R. Propagation of electromagnetic waves along a drillstring of finite conductivity[J]. SPE Drilling Engineering, 1987-06; 2(2): 127-134
[8] McDonald W J. Four different syterms used for MWD[J]. 1978; 76(14): 115-124
[9] Doug Drumbelle. Acoustic telemetry study to improve drilling data[J].JPT, 1993; 45(11): 1032.
[10] 李林.电磁随钻测量技术现状及关键技术分析.石油机械,2004;32(5):53-55
[11] 李生容.近钻头测量仪.石油机械,1999;10:14
[12] 刘伟,焦玉廷.可以实时计算地层倾角的近钻头点阻率测量仪.国外油田工程,1998;11:32
[13] Poletto F.Design of SED 3D RVSP Using Seisbit,Technology,Expanded Abstracts of 60th.EAGE Mtg,1998:10-49
[14] Poletto F. 3D RVSP drill-bit survey-preliminary result.EAGE 63th Conference &Technical Exhibition-Amsterdam, 2001: 11-15
[15] Aleotti L. Seismic-while-drilling technology:use and analysis of the drill-bit seismic source in a cross-hole survey. Geophysical Prospecting, 1999; 47(1): 25-39
[16] Raghavendra K. Are pore pressure related drilling problems predictable? The valve of using seismic before and while drilling.Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual International SEG Mtg. 1999: 172-175
[17] Chon Y-T. Reservoir continuity logging using connectivity mapping while drilling.The Leading Edge, 1996; 15(3): 203-208
[18] 李松林,苏义脑,董海平.美国自动旋转导向钻井工具结构原理及特点.2000;28(1):42-44
[19] 陈维歧.传输井下传感器数据的方法.国外油田工程,1995;(6):58
[20] 北京市技术交流站.超声波探伤原理及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1982:16-150
[21] 陈春雷,丁巍.插入流体中的固体圆柱中弹性波场的理论求解.大庆高等专科学校校报,1995;18(4):82-85
[22] 董和风.弹性固体地层-流体井孔弹性波场的有限差分数值模拟.地球物理学报,1998;38(增刊 1):205-214
[23] 郭余峰,陈春雷.固体圆柱中弹性波场的激发以及在无限均匀固体介质中的传播.大庆石油学院校报,1996;20(3):92-96
[24] 许肖梅.声学基础.北京:科学技术出版社,2003:114-118
[25] 傅旦丹,何樵登.关于充满流体钻孔中的纵波和横波.石油地球物理勘探,1998;33(1):71-77
[26] 陈春雷.均匀介质包围的固体圆柱中的临界折射纵横波.大庆高等专科学校学报,1996;16(4):77-83
[27] 王蕴珊.声波在弹性介质中的传播问题研究.山东科学,1995;8(4):29-34
[28] 朱为勇,王耀俊.柱状固体复合结构对斜入射超声波的散射.声学学报,1998;23(4):305-314
[29] J.L.罗斯.固体中的超声波.北京:科学出版社,2004:125-141
[30] 王亚非,周鹰.分层媒质中声波传输规律的研究.压电和声光,2000;22(4):214-217
[31] 宁伟,许明翔.固体间不同厚度界面层的超声反射.声学技术,1995;14(1):11-14
[32] 王耀俊.固体间界面的模型和界面对声波的反射.物理,2002;31(12):768-772
[33] 云庆华.无损探伤.北京:劳动出版社,1982:161-256
[34] 林书玉.超声换能器的原理及设计.北京:科学出版社,2004:
[35] 李劲松,叶琛,梅德松.超声波检测数据高速采集和传输技术的研究.无损检测,2003;25(8):395-398
[2] 杨兴琴.随钻数据传输新技术.石油仪器,2004;26:27-30
[3] Arps J J. Continuous logging while drilling-apractical reality[C]. SPE Annual Fall Meeting, New Orleans, 1963-10
[4] 程华,张铁军.随钻信息的有线钻杆传输技术发展历程和最新进展.特种油气藏,2004;11(5):85-88
[5] 石崇东,张绍槐.智能钻柱设计方案及其应用.石油钻探技术,2004;32(6):7-10
[6] 张守钦.一种新型的随钻测量系统.西部探矿工程,2001;68(1):43-44
[7] DeGauque P and Grudzinski R. Propagation of electromagnetic waves along a drillstring of finite conductivity[J]. SPE Drilling Engineering, 1987-06; 2(2): 127-134
[8] McDonald W J. Four different syterms used for MWD[J]. 1978; 76(14): 115-124
[9] Doug Drumbelle. Acoustic telemetry study to improve drilling data[J].JPT, 1993; 45(11): 1032.
[10] 李林.电磁随钻测量技术现状及关键技术分析.石油机械,2004;32(5):53-55
[11] 李生容.近钻头测量仪.石油机械,1999;10:14
[12] 刘伟,焦玉廷.可以实时计算地层倾角的近钻头点阻率测量仪.国外油田工程,1998;11:32
[13] Poletto F.Design of SED 3D RVSP Using Seisbit,Technology,Expanded Abstracts of 60th.EAGE Mtg,1998:10-49
[14] Poletto F. 3D RVSP drill-bit survey-preliminary result.EAGE 63th Conference &Technical Exhibition-Amsterdam, 2001: 11-15
[15] Aleotti L. Seismic-while-drilling technology:use and analysis of the drill-bit seismic source in a cross-hole survey. Geophysical Prospecting, 1999; 47(1): 25-39
[16] Raghavendra K. Are pore pressure related drilling problems predictable? The valve of using seismic before and while drilling.Expanded Abstracts of 69th Annual International SEG Mtg. 1999: 172-175
[17] Chon Y-T. Reservoir continuity logging using connectivity mapping while drilling.The Leading Edge, 1996; 15(3): 203-208
[18] 李松林,苏义脑,董海平.美国自动旋转导向钻井工具结构原理及特点.2000;28(1):42-44
[19] 陈维歧.传输井下传感器数据的方法.国外油田工程,1995;(6):58
[20] 北京市技术交流站.超声波探伤原理及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社,1982:16-150
[21] 陈春雷,丁巍.插入流体中的固体圆柱中弹性波场的理论求解.大庆高等专科学校校报,1995;18(4):82-85
[22] 董和风.弹性固体地层-流体井孔弹性波场的有限差分数值模拟.地球物理学报,1998;38(增刊 1):205-214
[23] 郭余峰,陈春雷.固体圆柱中弹性波场的激发以及在无限均匀固体介质中的传播.大庆石油学院校报,1996;20(3):92-96
[24] 许肖梅.声学基础.北京:科学技术出版社,2003:114-118
[25] 傅旦丹,何樵登.关于充满流体钻孔中的纵波和横波.石油地球物理勘探,1998;33(1):71-77
[26] 陈春雷.均匀介质包围的固体圆柱中的临界折射纵横波.大庆高等专科学校学报,1996;16(4):77-83
[27] 王蕴珊.声波在弹性介质中的传播问题研究.山东科学,1995;8(4):29-34
[28] 朱为勇,王耀俊.柱状固体复合结构对斜入射超声波的散射.声学学报,1998;23(4):305-314
[29] J.L.罗斯.固体中的超声波.北京:科学出版社,2004:125-141
[30] 王亚非,周鹰.分层媒质中声波传输规律的研究.压电和声光,2000;22(4):214-217
[31] 宁伟,许明翔.固体间不同厚度界面层的超声反射.声学技术,1995;14(1):11-14
[32] 王耀俊.固体间界面的模型和界面对声波的反射.物理,2002;31(12):768-772
[33] 云庆华.无损探伤.北京:劳动出版社,1982:161-256
[34] 林书玉.超声换能器的原理及设计.北京:科学出版社,2004:
[35] 李劲松,叶琛,梅德松.超声波检测数据高速采集和传输技术的研究.无损检测,2003;25(8):395-398