无齿轮电梯用低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的研究
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摘要
无齿轮电梯用低速大转矩永磁同步电动机是目前电机领域的研究热点之一，其研究具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。国内对于低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的研究尚处于起步阶段。
本文介绍了一种用作无齿轮电梯拖动的低速大转矩永磁同步电动机，该电机采用SPWM变频电源供电，直接带动曳引轮曳引电梯运行，不需要机械减速机构，使得无齿轮电梯曳引机的机械结构变得非常简单，大大减轻了繁重的日常维护工作，使系统的可靠性也大为增高。而且由于没有了减速机构，从而没有了相应的机械损耗，较大地提高了系统的机械传动效率。另一方面，由于使用了高效的永磁同步电动机，减少了电机损耗，也提高了系统的总体效率。
本文对该电机的磁场计算、场路耦合分析、优化、仿真、试验等方面做了较为系统的研究。对相同定子，不同转子结构的低速大转矩永磁同步电动机进行了磁场对比分析，定性分析了它们在空载时的漏磁大小。并针对低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的特点提出了一种基于ANSYS软件的场路耦合分析方法，计算了不同转子位置时电机的转矩。
在计算低速大转矩永磁同步电动机电磁场的基础上，将电机设计过程中的磁路计算改为磁场计算，使用遗传算法对低速大转矩永磁同步电动机进行了优化设计，降低了电机的生产成本。并根据低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的数学模型及矢量控制方法，在MATLAB／SIMULINK环境中对无齿轮电梯曳引传动系统进行了建模和仿真。仿真的结果表明所建立的模型是正确的，控制方法是可行的，为该电机控制系统的硬件参数设计提供了良好的理论依据。对一台样机进行了实验，实验结果表明其具有良好的低速平稳性，符合无齿轮电梯曳引系统对电机的要求。
Nowadays, the research on low speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine which using in gearless elevator are getting more and more attention in the fields of motors, and has great science significance and application value. However, the study of this kind of motor in our country just starts.
This paper introduces a kind of permanent magnetic synchronous machine. It supply with sinusoidal pulse width modifying (SPWM) inverter and designed as a low-speed and high-torque machine, suitable for direct drive of elevator and no gear reduction is needed. This direct drive of elevator has not only simplified the construction of transmission mechanism which improved transmit power density and efficiency of the drive system, but also increased precision and reliability of the control system. Moreover, it also dispels the vibration and yawp that the gear produced.
In this paper, electromagnet field calculations, field-circuit method, optimize design, simulation and experimentation of this machine is studied systematically. The leakage flux of the low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine with different rotor structures was calculated and compared. According to the feature of low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine, a field-circuit method based on ANSYS software is proposed. The torque of the low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine was calculated.
Based on the electromagnet field calculation, magnetic circuit calculation was converted into magnet field calculation in the electromagnetic design. The design of the low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine was optimized using genetic algorithms. The weight of the permanent magnet and the cost of production were decreased. According to the mathematical model and vector control method of permanent magnetic synchronous machine, the gearless elevator traction system was simulated. The results of simulation indicate
the correctness of the mathematical model and the feasibility of the control method, and it provide the favorable theory basis of the hardware parameter. The results of the experimentation indicate that the machine is steadying at low-speed.
本文介绍了一种用作无齿轮电梯拖动的低速大转矩永磁同步电动机，该电机采用SPWM变频电源供电，直接带动曳引轮曳引电梯运行，不需要机械减速机构，使得无齿轮电梯曳引机的机械结构变得非常简单，大大减轻了繁重的日常维护工作，使系统的可靠性也大为增高。而且由于没有了减速机构，从而没有了相应的机械损耗，较大地提高了系统的机械传动效率。另一方面，由于使用了高效的永磁同步电动机，减少了电机损耗，也提高了系统的总体效率。
本文对该电机的磁场计算、场路耦合分析、优化、仿真、试验等方面做了较为系统的研究。对相同定子，不同转子结构的低速大转矩永磁同步电动机进行了磁场对比分析，定性分析了它们在空载时的漏磁大小。并针对低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的特点提出了一种基于ANSYS软件的场路耦合分析方法，计算了不同转子位置时电机的转矩。
在计算低速大转矩永磁同步电动机电磁场的基础上，将电机设计过程中的磁路计算改为磁场计算，使用遗传算法对低速大转矩永磁同步电动机进行了优化设计，降低了电机的生产成本。并根据低速大转矩永磁同步电动机的数学模型及矢量控制方法，在MATLAB／SIMULINK环境中对无齿轮电梯曳引传动系统进行了建模和仿真。仿真的结果表明所建立的模型是正确的，控制方法是可行的，为该电机控制系统的硬件参数设计提供了良好的理论依据。对一台样机进行了实验，实验结果表明其具有良好的低速平稳性，符合无齿轮电梯曳引系统对电机的要求。
Nowadays, the research on low speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine which using in gearless elevator are getting more and more attention in the fields of motors, and has great science significance and application value. However, the study of this kind of motor in our country just starts.
This paper introduces a kind of permanent magnetic synchronous machine. It supply with sinusoidal pulse width modifying (SPWM) inverter and designed as a low-speed and high-torque machine, suitable for direct drive of elevator and no gear reduction is needed. This direct drive of elevator has not only simplified the construction of transmission mechanism which improved transmit power density and efficiency of the drive system, but also increased precision and reliability of the control system. Moreover, it also dispels the vibration and yawp that the gear produced.
In this paper, electromagnet field calculations, field-circuit method, optimize design, simulation and experimentation of this machine is studied systematically. The leakage flux of the low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine with different rotor structures was calculated and compared. According to the feature of low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine, a field-circuit method based on ANSYS software is proposed. The torque of the low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine was calculated.
Based on the electromagnet field calculation, magnetic circuit calculation was converted into magnet field calculation in the electromagnetic design. The design of the low-speed and high-torque permanent magnetic synchronous machine was optimized using genetic algorithms. The weight of the permanent magnet and the cost of production were decreased. According to the mathematical model and vector control method of permanent magnetic synchronous machine, the gearless elevator traction system was simulated. The results of simulation indicate
the correctness of the mathematical model and the feasibility of the control method, and it provide the favorable theory basis of the hardware parameter. The results of the experimentation indicate that the machine is steadying at low-speed.
引文
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