双源CT MinDose技术在主动脉瓣病变术前评估中的临床应用研究
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摘要
目的：采用双源CT (Dual-source CT, DSCT)的MinDose技术(MinDose-DSCT)一站式评价主动脉瓣病变病人的冠状动脉、瓣叶形态、瓣环直径及心功能,并与二维超声心动图(Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography,2D-TTE)、实时三维超声心动图(Real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, RT-3DE)进行比较,探讨Mindose-DSCT对主动脉瓣病变病人的术前评估价值。方法：回顾性分析2010年3月～2013年1月间于本研究中心就诊的68例主动脉瓣膜病变需行主动脉瓣置换术病人。上述病人或因年龄≥60岁可疑冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAD),或因年龄<60岁但2D-TTE提示左室射血分数(Left ventricular ejection, LVEF)降低(<55%)需要接受DSCT检查以明确冠脉病变。排除标准为体重>85Kg,有明显心律失常或心率较快>70次／分且不能降至70次／分以下及MinDose-DSCT或RT-3DE扫查获取图像失败排除28例病人,共有40例病人(28名男性,12名女性；28名主动脉瓣狭窄病人,7名主动脉瓣关闭不全病人,5名主动脉瓣狭窄合并轻度以上关闭不全病人；平均年龄,61.3±13.6岁)纳入研究。上述病人均在1星期内接受TTE及DSCT检查。所有病人均采用DSCT后处理工作站及改良二维双平面法(Simpson's法)、四维自动左室定量分析(four-dimensional automatic left ventricular quantification,4D AUTO LVQ)分别计算LVEF。所有病人Mindose-DSCT于70%心动周期多平面重组图像测量主动脉瓣环直径,TTE于胸骨旁左室长轴切面测量主动脉瓣环直径(aortic valve annulus diameter, AVAD)。 DSCT于不同轴位图像观察主动脉瓣叶数目、钙化及脱垂情况,并可进而观察并测量瓣周结构。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准并签署相关CT检查知情同意书。
结果：40例病人检查期间均无明显心律失常,均成功接受MinDose-DSCT及TTE检查并均获得满意图像,均未发生明显并发症。所有患者行TTE及MinDose-DSCT检查时的图像质量均可满足心功能分析要求。
1.冠状动脉及主动脉瓣观察结果：MinDose-DSCT除可以比较清晰的显示冠状动脉情况,冠状面、横断面以及矢状面MPR图像可以清晰的显示主动脉瓣病变情况,特别是横断面观察主动脉瓣与超声心动图相比具有显著优势。瓣环、瓣叶数目、钙化情况以及瓣叶脱垂情况一目了然。TTE观察冠状动脉非常受限,仅有部分病人(15/40例)可以比较清晰的显示冠状动脉开口,远端走行及管腔情况无法显示。2D-TTE仅可于大动脉短轴切面单平面观察主动脉三个瓣叶,无法立体连续评估瓣叶详细病变情况。RT-3DE虽然可以从不同角度进行切割多平面观察主动脉瓣,但受图像质量影响真正能清楚显示瓣叶结构的仅为少数病人。
2. MinDose-DSCT,2D-TTE及4D AUTO LVQ评价LVEF的对照研究：40例主动脉瓣病变病人经MinDose-DSCT检查的LVEF测值与2D-TTE测值具有良好的相关性(r=0.87,P<0.01)。MinDose-DSCT检查的LVEF测值与RT-3DE测值具有更好的相关性(r=0.90,P<0.01)。
3. MinDose-DSCT及2D-TTE评价AVAD的对照研究：MinDose-DSCT测值与2D-TTE测值相比偏大,但也具有很好的相关性(r=0.90,P<0.01)。
结论：DSCT的MinDose技术可以在明显降低辐射剂量、保证图像诊断质量的前提下一站式完成对主动脉瓣病变病人的冠状动脉、AVAD及LVEF和主动脉瓣膜及瓣周解剖结构的全面评价,具有较高的临床应用价值。
目的：探讨二代双源CT MinDose技术与回顾性心电门控在评估主动脉瓣病变患者时的辐射剂量及图像质量。
方法：回顾性分析40例行MinDose-DSCT检查的主动脉瓣病变患者及33例疑诊CAD行常规后门控检查体检人员的影像学资料。主观评价方法：将两组图像在隐匿患者信息和扫描参数的情况下由两位有十年以上心血管影像诊断经验的医师采用盲法分别独立评价所有图像。按照图像的整体质量及阶梯状伪影,血管增强一致性及冠状动脉显示情况等多个方面按照4分或3分的评分标准进行评价。客观评价方法：由一位有十年以上心血管影像诊断经验的医师评价图像噪声,计算信号-噪声比率(signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)和对比-噪声比率(contrast-to-noise ratio, CNR).综合统计每一位检查者接受检查的辐射剂量。将两组不同扫描方式检查图像质量的平均得分及辐射剂量进行对比分析。两位医师之间的的诊断一致性采用kappa检验。P<0.05有统计学意义。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准并签署相关CT检查知情同意书。
结果：所有病人均获得满意图像质量,MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控两组整体图像评分(3-4分)均达到诊断标准,两种方式之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。MinDose-DSCT组冠状动脉节段评分为1.8±0.2,常规后门控组为1.64±0.3,两种方式之间无统计学差异；阶梯状伪影评分在MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控两组之间无统计学差异；心血管强化的一致性评分MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控两组之间无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控组图像噪声分别为19.3±2.1、17.5±1.8,两组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。MinDose-DSCT组平均有效辐射剂量明显低于常规后门控组(3.2±0.4mSv vs.8.7m±0.3mSv, P=.000)。
结论：DSCT的MinDose技术可以在保证较好的图像质量前提下明显降低受检人员的辐射剂量。
Objective:To evaluate and compare coronary artery, valve leaflets morphology, aortic valve annulus diameter (AVAD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of aortic valve disease patients by using MinDose sequences of Dual-source CT (MinDose-DSCT), two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE) and real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (RT-3DE).
Materials and Methods:A total of68consecutive patients with aortic valve disease were retrospectively identified at our institution from March2010to January2013. Inclusion criteria:patients with aortic valve disease (aortic stenosis and/or aortic insufficiency) diagnosed by2D-TTE older than60years old or younger than60years old but with poor LVEF (<55%) suspected CAD. Exclusion criteria:body weight>85Kg, severe arrhythmia, after received50or100mg atenolol orally still with heart rate>70beats per minute (bpm), renal insufficiency (serum cretinine>1.5mg/dl), known anaphylactic reactions to iodine-containing contrast material, history of coronary stents and bypass grafts and hemodynamic instability.28patients had to be excluded from study participation, whereas40patients (28male,12female;28only aortic stenosis,7only aortic insufficiency,5aortic stenosis coexisting with moderate to severe valvular regurgitation; mean age61.3±13.6years, range42to77) were included as the experimental group.40patients underwent both2D-TTE, RT-3DE and MinDose-DSCT performed as part of routine clinical evaluation within a1-week period, with no change in clinical status between the studies. With regard to2D-TTE, the LVEF was calculated with the modified Simpson's method. Parasternal long-axis loops of the aortic root were acquired with zoom mode and the AVAD was measured at the insertion of the leaflets at end-diastole. Observation of origin, proximal morphology, and inside diameter of the coronary artery could be achieved from the short-axis sections of large arteries. RT-3DE was used to measure LVEF directly according to RT-3DE reformation. Of MinDose-DSCT images were reconstructed at70%of the R-R interval, AVADs were measured by using double-oblique reconstruction and LVEFs were calculated by post-processing workstation. MinDose-DSCT had obvious advantages for observation of valvular calcification, number of valve leaflets, and valve prolapse. The study was approved by the local institutional review board and all patients gave written informed consent.
Results:The patients in the experimental group completed MinDose sequence of DSCT as well as echocardiographic studies, while the patients in the control group completed the conventional retrospective ECG-gated acquisition. Image quality of all patients underwent echocardiography and MinDose-DSCT could meet the analytical requirements.
1. Coronary artory and aortic valve observations:In addition to clearly display coronary arteries MinDose-DSCT could also perfectly reflect the aortic valve lesions by coronal, sagittal and cross-sectional multiplanar reformation (MPR) images, especially showed significant advantages in aortic cross-sectional observation when compared to echocardiography. The observation of a coronary by echocardiography was very limited, the origin of a coronary could be clearly seen only in part of the patients (15/40cases), and the remote status and lumen of blood vessel could not be displayed.2D-TTE could only viewed three aortic valve leaflets through aorta short axis plane but could not make a detailed three-dimensional continuous assessment about leaflet lesions. Although RT-3DE could cut multi-planar planes through different angles of aortic valve leaflets, but the image quality was actually affected by the2D-TTE images and only a minority of patients could clearly show the structure of valve leaflets.
2. LVEF observations:There was a strong correlation between LVEFs measured by MinDose-DSCT and2D-TTE (r=0.87, P<0.01) and much stronger correlation between MinDose-DSCT and RT-3DE (r=0.90, P<0.01) was regarded too.
3. AVAD observations:As compared with2D-TTE, MinDose-DSCT overestimated AVAD ((24.2±3.2) mm vs.(23.8±2.5) mm, P=0.01) but still was in good agreement with corresponding measurements by2D-TTE (r=0.90, P<0.01).
Conclusions:As an one-stop preoperative evaluation, MinDose-DSCT can comprehensively reflect the coronary, AVAD and LVEF of aortic valve disease patients.
Objective: To compare the image quality and radiation dose of MinDose sequence of DSCT versus standard retrospective ECG-gated DSCT imaging in aortic valve diseases.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated73dual-source CT images that were obtained using two different protocols (MinDose sequence [n=40] versus standard retrospective helical ECG-gated [n=33]) in aortic valve disease patients. Subjective evaluation: Two doctors with more than ten years experience in cardiovascular diagnostic imaging blinded to the patient information and scan parameters evaluated all image quality independently. They evaluated the image quality in accordance with the principle of3-or4-point scale, in terms of the visualization of the coronary artery, overall subjective image quality, the stair-step artifacts and the degree of homogeneity of vascular enhancement. Objective evaluation:One radiologist with more than ten years experience in cardiovascular diagnostic imaging evaluated image noise, SNR and CNR. We recorded and compared each examiners radiation dose and the mean score of image quality.We used kappa test to evaluate te diagnostic consistency between two radiologests. A P value<0.05was considered to indicate a significant difference. The study was approved by the local institutional review board and all patients gave written informed consent.
Results: The mean overall image quality was perfect and both of MinDose-DSCT and standard retrospective ECG-gated DSCT reached diagnostic criteria, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The mean score of coronary artery imaging quality of MinDose sequence was1.8±0.2, which was not significantly different from the mean score of image quality of the control group of1.6±0.3(P>0.05). The mean score of the stair-step artifacts of two groups was alse not statistically different from each other (P>0.05). The mean score of the homogeneity of vascular enhancement in the standard retrospective ECG-gated group were better than those scores in the MinDose group (P<0.05).There was no statistical difference of mean vessel attenuation, SNR and CNR between the two groups (all P>0.05).The effective dose in the MinDose-DSCT group ((3.2±0.4) mSv) was60.28%lower than that in the standard retrospective ECG-gated group ((8.7±0.3) mSv)(P=.000).
Conclusions: The MinDose sequence of DSCT can be obtained with a low radiation dose and satisfactory image quality, as compared to standard retrospective ECG-gated DSCT, for the evaluation of aortic valve disease patients.
结果：40例病人检查期间均无明显心律失常,均成功接受MinDose-DSCT及TTE检查并均获得满意图像,均未发生明显并发症。所有患者行TTE及MinDose-DSCT检查时的图像质量均可满足心功能分析要求。
1.冠状动脉及主动脉瓣观察结果：MinDose-DSCT除可以比较清晰的显示冠状动脉情况,冠状面、横断面以及矢状面MPR图像可以清晰的显示主动脉瓣病变情况,特别是横断面观察主动脉瓣与超声心动图相比具有显著优势。瓣环、瓣叶数目、钙化情况以及瓣叶脱垂情况一目了然。TTE观察冠状动脉非常受限,仅有部分病人(15/40例)可以比较清晰的显示冠状动脉开口,远端走行及管腔情况无法显示。2D-TTE仅可于大动脉短轴切面单平面观察主动脉三个瓣叶,无法立体连续评估瓣叶详细病变情况。RT-3DE虽然可以从不同角度进行切割多平面观察主动脉瓣,但受图像质量影响真正能清楚显示瓣叶结构的仅为少数病人。
2. MinDose-DSCT,2D-TTE及4D AUTO LVQ评价LVEF的对照研究：40例主动脉瓣病变病人经MinDose-DSCT检查的LVEF测值与2D-TTE测值具有良好的相关性(r=0.87,P<0.01)。MinDose-DSCT检查的LVEF测值与RT-3DE测值具有更好的相关性(r=0.90,P<0.01)。
3. MinDose-DSCT及2D-TTE评价AVAD的对照研究：MinDose-DSCT测值与2D-TTE测值相比偏大,但也具有很好的相关性(r=0.90,P<0.01)。
结论：DSCT的MinDose技术可以在明显降低辐射剂量、保证图像诊断质量的前提下一站式完成对主动脉瓣病变病人的冠状动脉、AVAD及LVEF和主动脉瓣膜及瓣周解剖结构的全面评价,具有较高的临床应用价值。
目的：探讨二代双源CT MinDose技术与回顾性心电门控在评估主动脉瓣病变患者时的辐射剂量及图像质量。
方法：回顾性分析40例行MinDose-DSCT检查的主动脉瓣病变患者及33例疑诊CAD行常规后门控检查体检人员的影像学资料。主观评价方法：将两组图像在隐匿患者信息和扫描参数的情况下由两位有十年以上心血管影像诊断经验的医师采用盲法分别独立评价所有图像。按照图像的整体质量及阶梯状伪影,血管增强一致性及冠状动脉显示情况等多个方面按照4分或3分的评分标准进行评价。客观评价方法：由一位有十年以上心血管影像诊断经验的医师评价图像噪声,计算信号-噪声比率(signal-to-noise ratio, SNR)和对比-噪声比率(contrast-to-noise ratio, CNR).综合统计每一位检查者接受检查的辐射剂量。将两组不同扫描方式检查图像质量的平均得分及辐射剂量进行对比分析。两位医师之间的的诊断一致性采用kappa检验。P<0.05有统计学意义。本研究经医院伦理委员会批准并签署相关CT检查知情同意书。
结果：所有病人均获得满意图像质量,MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控两组整体图像评分(3-4分)均达到诊断标准,两种方式之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。MinDose-DSCT组冠状动脉节段评分为1.8±0.2,常规后门控组为1.64±0.3,两种方式之间无统计学差异；阶梯状伪影评分在MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控两组之间无统计学差异；心血管强化的一致性评分MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控两组之间无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。MinDose-DSCT组与常规后门控组图像噪声分别为19.3±2.1、17.5±1.8,两组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。MinDose-DSCT组平均有效辐射剂量明显低于常规后门控组(3.2±0.4mSv vs.8.7m±0.3mSv, P=.000)。
结论：DSCT的MinDose技术可以在保证较好的图像质量前提下明显降低受检人员的辐射剂量。
Objective:To evaluate and compare coronary artery, valve leaflets morphology, aortic valve annulus diameter (AVAD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of aortic valve disease patients by using MinDose sequences of Dual-source CT (MinDose-DSCT), two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE) and real-time three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (RT-3DE).
Materials and Methods:A total of68consecutive patients with aortic valve disease were retrospectively identified at our institution from March2010to January2013. Inclusion criteria:patients with aortic valve disease (aortic stenosis and/or aortic insufficiency) diagnosed by2D-TTE older than60years old or younger than60years old but with poor LVEF (<55%) suspected CAD. Exclusion criteria:body weight>85Kg, severe arrhythmia, after received50or100mg atenolol orally still with heart rate>70beats per minute (bpm), renal insufficiency (serum cretinine>1.5mg/dl), known anaphylactic reactions to iodine-containing contrast material, history of coronary stents and bypass grafts and hemodynamic instability.28patients had to be excluded from study participation, whereas40patients (28male,12female;28only aortic stenosis,7only aortic insufficiency,5aortic stenosis coexisting with moderate to severe valvular regurgitation; mean age61.3±13.6years, range42to77) were included as the experimental group.40patients underwent both2D-TTE, RT-3DE and MinDose-DSCT performed as part of routine clinical evaluation within a1-week period, with no change in clinical status between the studies. With regard to2D-TTE, the LVEF was calculated with the modified Simpson's method. Parasternal long-axis loops of the aortic root were acquired with zoom mode and the AVAD was measured at the insertion of the leaflets at end-diastole. Observation of origin, proximal morphology, and inside diameter of the coronary artery could be achieved from the short-axis sections of large arteries. RT-3DE was used to measure LVEF directly according to RT-3DE reformation. Of MinDose-DSCT images were reconstructed at70%of the R-R interval, AVADs were measured by using double-oblique reconstruction and LVEFs were calculated by post-processing workstation. MinDose-DSCT had obvious advantages for observation of valvular calcification, number of valve leaflets, and valve prolapse. The study was approved by the local institutional review board and all patients gave written informed consent.
Results:The patients in the experimental group completed MinDose sequence of DSCT as well as echocardiographic studies, while the patients in the control group completed the conventional retrospective ECG-gated acquisition. Image quality of all patients underwent echocardiography and MinDose-DSCT could meet the analytical requirements.
1. Coronary artory and aortic valve observations:In addition to clearly display coronary arteries MinDose-DSCT could also perfectly reflect the aortic valve lesions by coronal, sagittal and cross-sectional multiplanar reformation (MPR) images, especially showed significant advantages in aortic cross-sectional observation when compared to echocardiography. The observation of a coronary by echocardiography was very limited, the origin of a coronary could be clearly seen only in part of the patients (15/40cases), and the remote status and lumen of blood vessel could not be displayed.2D-TTE could only viewed three aortic valve leaflets through aorta short axis plane but could not make a detailed three-dimensional continuous assessment about leaflet lesions. Although RT-3DE could cut multi-planar planes through different angles of aortic valve leaflets, but the image quality was actually affected by the2D-TTE images and only a minority of patients could clearly show the structure of valve leaflets.
2. LVEF observations:There was a strong correlation between LVEFs measured by MinDose-DSCT and2D-TTE (r=0.87, P<0.01) and much stronger correlation between MinDose-DSCT and RT-3DE (r=0.90, P<0.01) was regarded too.
3. AVAD observations:As compared with2D-TTE, MinDose-DSCT overestimated AVAD ((24.2±3.2) mm vs.(23.8±2.5) mm, P=0.01) but still was in good agreement with corresponding measurements by2D-TTE (r=0.90, P<0.01).
Conclusions:As an one-stop preoperative evaluation, MinDose-DSCT can comprehensively reflect the coronary, AVAD and LVEF of aortic valve disease patients.
Objective: To compare the image quality and radiation dose of MinDose sequence of DSCT versus standard retrospective ECG-gated DSCT imaging in aortic valve diseases.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated73dual-source CT images that were obtained using two different protocols (MinDose sequence [n=40] versus standard retrospective helical ECG-gated [n=33]) in aortic valve disease patients. Subjective evaluation: Two doctors with more than ten years experience in cardiovascular diagnostic imaging blinded to the patient information and scan parameters evaluated all image quality independently. They evaluated the image quality in accordance with the principle of3-or4-point scale, in terms of the visualization of the coronary artery, overall subjective image quality, the stair-step artifacts and the degree of homogeneity of vascular enhancement. Objective evaluation:One radiologist with more than ten years experience in cardiovascular diagnostic imaging evaluated image noise, SNR and CNR. We recorded and compared each examiners radiation dose and the mean score of image quality.We used kappa test to evaluate te diagnostic consistency between two radiologests. A P value<0.05was considered to indicate a significant difference. The study was approved by the local institutional review board and all patients gave written informed consent.
Results: The mean overall image quality was perfect and both of MinDose-DSCT and standard retrospective ECG-gated DSCT reached diagnostic criteria, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The mean score of coronary artery imaging quality of MinDose sequence was1.8±0.2, which was not significantly different from the mean score of image quality of the control group of1.6±0.3(P>0.05). The mean score of the stair-step artifacts of two groups was alse not statistically different from each other (P>0.05). The mean score of the homogeneity of vascular enhancement in the standard retrospective ECG-gated group were better than those scores in the MinDose group (P<0.05).There was no statistical difference of mean vessel attenuation, SNR and CNR between the two groups (all P>0.05).The effective dose in the MinDose-DSCT group ((3.2±0.4) mSv) was60.28%lower than that in the standard retrospective ECG-gated group ((8.7±0.3) mSv)(P=.000).
Conclusions: The MinDose sequence of DSCT can be obtained with a low radiation dose and satisfactory image quality, as compared to standard retrospective ECG-gated DSCT, for the evaluation of aortic valve disease patients.
引文
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