根际氧供应对水稻根系生长的影响及其与产量形成的关系
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摘要
本研究以IR45765-3B（深水稻）、中旱221（旱稻）和中浙优1号（水稻）为材料，以溶解氧在线测定控制仪设置不同的根际氧浓度进行水培试验；同时以秀水09、两优培九和国稻6号为材料，在田间进行超微气泡水增氧灌溉和普通水灌溉对比试验，研究根际氧供应对不同生态类型水稻根系生长的影响及其与产量形成、养分吸收利用的关系，以期为基于水稻根际氧调控的高产理论创新与技术集成提供依据。主要研究结果如下：
1、不同根际氧浓度处理下，IR45765-3B、中旱221和中浙优1号的最大根长均随根际氧浓度升高而增长。每株不定根数、根干重、每株根系TTC还原力和根系活跃吸收面积等随根际氧浓度变化则因品种而异，IR45765-3B表现为4mg/l处理下最高，处理间由高到低的顺序为：4mg/l，2mg/l，CK，6mg/l，8mg/l；中旱221表现为随根际氧浓度的升高而增加，在8mg/l处理达到最高，处理间由高到低的顺序为：8mg/l，6mg/l，4mg/l，2mg/l，CK；中浙优1号则表现为随根际氧浓度升高而增加，在6mg/l处理下达到最高，当根际氧浓度达到8mg/l时又有所降低，处理间由高到低的顺序则为：6mg/l，4mg/l，2mg/l，CK，8mg/l。
2、不同品种水稻剑叶齐穗期光合特性和灌浆期衰老进程对根际氧浓度的响应存在明显差异。IR45765-3B、中旱221和中浙优1号齐穗期剑叶的净光合速率分别在4mg/l、8mg/l和6mg/l处理下最高，分别为22.4、25.6和29.3μmol·m-2s-1，分别比对照高10.3%、29.3%和13.1%。在花后21天内3个品种剑叶叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性等指标对根际氧浓度的响应与净光合速率一致，而且随时间推移变化幅度相对较小。
3、IR45765-3B、中旱221和中浙优1号单株产量分别在4mg/l、8mg/l和6mg/l处理下最高，分别为29.0、27.2和36.6克/株，分别比对照增加了18.4%、61.8%和46.3%。齐穗期每株不定根数（X1）和根体积（X3）是影响水稻产量高低的主要根系性状，回归方程为y=7.602+0.029X1+0.431X3。
4、不同根际氧浓度下水稻氮素和磷素吸收特性在品种间差异明显。IR45765-3B的氮、磷吸收效率在4mg/l处理下最高，中浙优1号则在6mg/l处理最高，中旱221的氮吸收效率在8mg/l处理下最高，磷吸收效率则是在6mg/l处理最高。齐穗期每株不定根数（X1）和根干重（X4）是影响水稻氮积累的主要根系性状，回归方程为y=0.020+0.001X1+0.091X4；而每株不定根总长度（X2）和根干重（X4）是影响水稻磷积累的主要根系性状，回归方程为y=0.009+0.002X2+0.021X4。
5、超微气泡水增氧处理在生育前期提高了秀水09、国稻6号和两优培九的分蘖成穗率，而使有效穗分别提高了12.1%、6.0%和6.7%；在齐穗期提高了剑叶光合能力、灌浆期延缓了叶片衰老而使结实率分别提高了5.9%、5.7%和6.4%；从而使秀水09、国稻6号和两优培九产量分别提高了7.34%、9.13%和7.49%。
Hydroponic culture experiment of different oxygen concentrations in rhizosphere and fieldexperiment of different aerobic irrigation modes were conducted to compare the effects of oxygenconcentrations in rhizosphere on growths and activities in roots of different rice cultivars, and to studythe relationship between oxygen concentration and nutrient uptake and grain yield of rice cultivars.IR45765-3B (deepwater rice cultivar), Zhonghan221(upland rice cultivar) and Zhongzheyou1(lowland rice cultivar) were used in hydroponic culture experiment, Xiushui09(inbred japonica rice),Guodao6(indica hybrid)and Liangyoupeijiu(indica hybrid) were used in field experiment. Oxygenconcentrations in rhizosphere in hydroponic culture experiment were regulated by on-line controller ofdissolved oxygen. Aerobic irrigation modes in field experiment were comparative tests about aeratedirrigation mode by super-micro bubble water and common irrigation mode. The results in this trial couldlay foundation for high-yield cultivation technique and high yield theory relating to regulation ofoxygen in rhizosphere of rice. The main conclusions in this study are as follows:
1. The maximum root length for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1was increasedwith the increase of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere. The responses of adventitious roots per plant,dry weight of root, TTC deoxidizing ability in root and active absorption area of root to oxygenconcentrations in rhizosphere were varied in varieties. The above indicators for IR45765-3B got thehighest values at the oxygen concentration of4mg/l in rhizosphere, followed by2mg/l, CK and6mg/l,and the above indicators for IR45765-3B got the lowest values at the oxygen concentration of8mg/l inrhizosphere. The indicators relating to root in Zhonghan221were increased with the increase of oxygenconcentration in rhizosphere. That was to say, indicators relating to root in Zhonghan221were up to thehighest values at8mg/l of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere, followed by6mg/L,4mg/l,2mg/L,and CK. The indicators relating to root in Zhongzheyou1tended to rise with the increase of oxygen inrhizosphere, and generally peaked at the concentration of6mg/l, and decreased when the oxygenconcentration in rhizosphere was up to8mg/l.
2. The responses of photosynthetic characteristics in rice flag leaf at full heading stage and agingprocess in rice flag leaf at grain filling stage were varied with varieties. The net photosynthetic rate inflag leaf for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1at full heading stage got the highest valuesat4mg/l,8mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere, respectively. The highest value ofnet photosynthetic rate in flag leaf for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1was22.4,25.6and29.3μmol·m-2s-1, respectively; the corresponding values were increased by10.3%,29.3%and13.1%compared with CK, respectively. The variations in the chlorophyll content, soluble protein,soluble sugar, MDA and SOD activity were consistent with net photosynthetic rate in the flag leafwithin21days after flowering, and the variations were small with the growth of plants.
3. Grain yield per plant for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1got the highest valueat4mg/l,8mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere, respectively; the highest value was29.0,27.2and36.6g/plant, respectively. The above highest value was increased by18.4%,61.8%and 46.3%in comparison with CK, respectively. The adventitious roots per plant (X1) and root volume (X3)at full heading stage were main characters affecting grain yield, and the regression equation was y=7.602+0.029X1+0.431X3.
4. There were significant differences in the absorptive characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorousamong varieties. The nitrogen absorption efficiency and phosphorous absorption efficiency forIR45765-3B and Zhongzheyou1got the highest value at4mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration inrhizosphere, respectively. However, nitrogen absorption efficiency and phosphorous absorptionefficiency for Zhonghan221got the highest value at8mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration inrhizosphere, respectively. The adventitious roots per plant (X1) and root dry weight (X4) at full headingstage were main characters affecting nitrogen accumulation of rice plant, and the regression equationwas y=0.020+0.001X1+0.091X3. Root length of adventitious roots per plant (X2) and root dry weightper plant (X4) at full heading stage were main characters affecting phosphorous accumulation of riceplant, and the regression equation was y=0.009+0.002X2+0.021X4.
5. In field experiment, the effective tillers for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiu insuper-micro bubble water treatment were significantly increased compared to common irrigation mode.Effective panicles for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiu in super-micro bubble water treatmentwere increased by12.1%,6.0%, and6.7%, respectively. The photosynthetic capacities in flag leaf ofabove three cultivars at full heading stage were enhanced compared to control, and treatment withsuper-micro bubble water delayed the senescence of leaves at rice grain filling stage. Then the settingpercentage for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiu was increased by5.9%,5.7%, and6.4%comparing with control, respectively, and the grain yield for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiuwas increased by7.3%,9.3%, and7.5%comparing with control, respectively
1、不同根际氧浓度处理下，IR45765-3B、中旱221和中浙优1号的最大根长均随根际氧浓度升高而增长。每株不定根数、根干重、每株根系TTC还原力和根系活跃吸收面积等随根际氧浓度变化则因品种而异，IR45765-3B表现为4mg/l处理下最高，处理间由高到低的顺序为：4mg/l，2mg/l，CK，6mg/l，8mg/l；中旱221表现为随根际氧浓度的升高而增加，在8mg/l处理达到最高，处理间由高到低的顺序为：8mg/l，6mg/l，4mg/l，2mg/l，CK；中浙优1号则表现为随根际氧浓度升高而增加，在6mg/l处理下达到最高，当根际氧浓度达到8mg/l时又有所降低，处理间由高到低的顺序则为：6mg/l，4mg/l，2mg/l，CK，8mg/l。
2、不同品种水稻剑叶齐穗期光合特性和灌浆期衰老进程对根际氧浓度的响应存在明显差异。IR45765-3B、中旱221和中浙优1号齐穗期剑叶的净光合速率分别在4mg/l、8mg/l和6mg/l处理下最高，分别为22.4、25.6和29.3μmol·m-2s-1，分别比对照高10.3%、29.3%和13.1%。在花后21天内3个品种剑叶叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性等指标对根际氧浓度的响应与净光合速率一致，而且随时间推移变化幅度相对较小。
3、IR45765-3B、中旱221和中浙优1号单株产量分别在4mg/l、8mg/l和6mg/l处理下最高，分别为29.0、27.2和36.6克/株，分别比对照增加了18.4%、61.8%和46.3%。齐穗期每株不定根数（X1）和根体积（X3）是影响水稻产量高低的主要根系性状，回归方程为y=7.602+0.029X1+0.431X3。
4、不同根际氧浓度下水稻氮素和磷素吸收特性在品种间差异明显。IR45765-3B的氮、磷吸收效率在4mg/l处理下最高，中浙优1号则在6mg/l处理最高，中旱221的氮吸收效率在8mg/l处理下最高，磷吸收效率则是在6mg/l处理最高。齐穗期每株不定根数（X1）和根干重（X4）是影响水稻氮积累的主要根系性状，回归方程为y=0.020+0.001X1+0.091X4；而每株不定根总长度（X2）和根干重（X4）是影响水稻磷积累的主要根系性状，回归方程为y=0.009+0.002X2+0.021X4。
5、超微气泡水增氧处理在生育前期提高了秀水09、国稻6号和两优培九的分蘖成穗率，而使有效穗分别提高了12.1%、6.0%和6.7%；在齐穗期提高了剑叶光合能力、灌浆期延缓了叶片衰老而使结实率分别提高了5.9%、5.7%和6.4%；从而使秀水09、国稻6号和两优培九产量分别提高了7.34%、9.13%和7.49%。
Hydroponic culture experiment of different oxygen concentrations in rhizosphere and fieldexperiment of different aerobic irrigation modes were conducted to compare the effects of oxygenconcentrations in rhizosphere on growths and activities in roots of different rice cultivars, and to studythe relationship between oxygen concentration and nutrient uptake and grain yield of rice cultivars.IR45765-3B (deepwater rice cultivar), Zhonghan221(upland rice cultivar) and Zhongzheyou1(lowland rice cultivar) were used in hydroponic culture experiment, Xiushui09(inbred japonica rice),Guodao6(indica hybrid)and Liangyoupeijiu(indica hybrid) were used in field experiment. Oxygenconcentrations in rhizosphere in hydroponic culture experiment were regulated by on-line controller ofdissolved oxygen. Aerobic irrigation modes in field experiment were comparative tests about aeratedirrigation mode by super-micro bubble water and common irrigation mode. The results in this trial couldlay foundation for high-yield cultivation technique and high yield theory relating to regulation ofoxygen in rhizosphere of rice. The main conclusions in this study are as follows:
1. The maximum root length for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1was increasedwith the increase of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere. The responses of adventitious roots per plant,dry weight of root, TTC deoxidizing ability in root and active absorption area of root to oxygenconcentrations in rhizosphere were varied in varieties. The above indicators for IR45765-3B got thehighest values at the oxygen concentration of4mg/l in rhizosphere, followed by2mg/l, CK and6mg/l,and the above indicators for IR45765-3B got the lowest values at the oxygen concentration of8mg/l inrhizosphere. The indicators relating to root in Zhonghan221were increased with the increase of oxygenconcentration in rhizosphere. That was to say, indicators relating to root in Zhonghan221were up to thehighest values at8mg/l of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere, followed by6mg/L,4mg/l,2mg/L,and CK. The indicators relating to root in Zhongzheyou1tended to rise with the increase of oxygen inrhizosphere, and generally peaked at the concentration of6mg/l, and decreased when the oxygenconcentration in rhizosphere was up to8mg/l.
2. The responses of photosynthetic characteristics in rice flag leaf at full heading stage and agingprocess in rice flag leaf at grain filling stage were varied with varieties. The net photosynthetic rate inflag leaf for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1at full heading stage got the highest valuesat4mg/l,8mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere, respectively. The highest value ofnet photosynthetic rate in flag leaf for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1was22.4,25.6and29.3μmol·m-2s-1, respectively; the corresponding values were increased by10.3%,29.3%and13.1%compared with CK, respectively. The variations in the chlorophyll content, soluble protein,soluble sugar, MDA and SOD activity were consistent with net photosynthetic rate in the flag leafwithin21days after flowering, and the variations were small with the growth of plants.
3. Grain yield per plant for IR45765-3B, Zhonghan221and Zhongzheyou1got the highest valueat4mg/l,8mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration in rhizosphere, respectively; the highest value was29.0,27.2and36.6g/plant, respectively. The above highest value was increased by18.4%,61.8%and 46.3%in comparison with CK, respectively. The adventitious roots per plant (X1) and root volume (X3)at full heading stage were main characters affecting grain yield, and the regression equation was y=7.602+0.029X1+0.431X3.
4. There were significant differences in the absorptive characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorousamong varieties. The nitrogen absorption efficiency and phosphorous absorption efficiency forIR45765-3B and Zhongzheyou1got the highest value at4mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration inrhizosphere, respectively. However, nitrogen absorption efficiency and phosphorous absorptionefficiency for Zhonghan221got the highest value at8mg/l and6mg/l of oxygen concentration inrhizosphere, respectively. The adventitious roots per plant (X1) and root dry weight (X4) at full headingstage were main characters affecting nitrogen accumulation of rice plant, and the regression equationwas y=0.020+0.001X1+0.091X3. Root length of adventitious roots per plant (X2) and root dry weightper plant (X4) at full heading stage were main characters affecting phosphorous accumulation of riceplant, and the regression equation was y=0.009+0.002X2+0.021X4.
5. In field experiment, the effective tillers for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiu insuper-micro bubble water treatment were significantly increased compared to common irrigation mode.Effective panicles for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiu in super-micro bubble water treatmentwere increased by12.1%,6.0%, and6.7%, respectively. The photosynthetic capacities in flag leaf ofabove three cultivars at full heading stage were enhanced compared to control, and treatment withsuper-micro bubble water delayed the senescence of leaves at rice grain filling stage. Then the settingpercentage for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiu was increased by5.9%,5.7%, and6.4%comparing with control, respectively, and the grain yield for Xiushui09, Guodao6and Liangyoupeijiuwas increased by7.3%,9.3%, and7.5%comparing with control, respectively
引文
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