拟建永定桥水库坝址区渗漏研究
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摘要
拟建永定桥水库位于四川省汉源县境内的流沙河上,其任务主要为满足汉源新县城的城市用水、农村移民安置区的生活和灌溉用水,并合理安排渠道沿线农村的生活、灌溉、乡镇企业用水及环境用水。拟建永定桥水库坝址区存在坝基渗漏和绕坝渗漏问题。因此,对拟建永定桥水库坝址区渗漏开展研究有重要的意义。
本文研究了拟建永定桥水库坝址区的自然地理条件、地层岩性、地质构造、岩溶类型及影响岩溶发育的因素、水文地质条件,并进行坝址区地下水连通性实验研究及水化学分析,对渗漏量进行了计算,并提出相应的防渗处理措施与建议。论文主要结论为:
(1)拟建永定桥水库坝址区碳酸盐岩广布,主要是志留系中统罗惹坪组(S2l)。发育四条断层,均为逆断层;节理裂隙较发育,多为陡倾的切层裂隙和与岩层近于平行的平缓裂隙相交而成“X”型节理。
(2)坝址区左岸岩溶发育程度明显较右岸高,主要为溶孔溶隙,可见溶洞,岩溶通道属于管道-溶隙型。
(3)坝址区地下水的补给方式有地表水体补给和大气降雨的补给。坝址区地下水主要运移于岩溶管道系统之中,左岸地下水径流环境明显优于右岸。地下水排泄一是在高程1700m以上的高山斜坡地带进行排泄,二是集中于流沙河“U”形谷谷底斜坡地段进行排泄。
(4)拟建永定桥水库坝体置于志留系中统罗惹坪组中段地层上,岩性主要为砂质灰岩。存在中等透水带,可发生坝基渗漏,建议设置防渗帷幕。
(5)左岸坝肩主要建筑在罗惹坪组白云岩、灰岩地层上,由于左岸地下水径流条件优越,岩溶发育程度较高,岩溶通道呈管网状,水库蓄水在正常蓄水位之下的岩溶通道将成为绕坝渗漏的主要途径。需设置防渗帷幕,帷幕深度需达到弱风化带下限深度。对于溶洞等集中渗漏通道按照堵、填、排的原则进行处理。
(6)右岸坝肩主要建筑在须家河组地层上,岩性主要为砂、页岩和煤线;上覆自流井组和沙溪庙组的红色砂、泥岩层,下伏罗惹坪组白云岩、灰岩。罗惹坪组岩溶发育程度较低。但需引起注意的是鱼洞处的断层破碎带,建议对其进行喷浆覆盖处理,并对强风化带内岩层设置防渗帷幕。
Yongding bridge reservoir which sit in province of Sicuan han yuan built on the drift sand river, the main task satisfy not only new city the source water, rural resettlement and irrigation,but also rational arrange rural life along channels, irrigation and water environment and water township enterprises.yongding bridege have seppage and leakage around dam. It have significant implications for research the leakage of Yongding bridge.
The article studies the factors of yongding bridge reservoir on natural geographical conditions, stratigraphic lithology , geological structures and karstic types and influence factors of karst development, hydrogeology conditions, site area and the connectedness of groundwater chemical analysis and experimental research of water. calculating the amount of leakage and suggesting correspond seepage of countermeasures , The main conclusions include flowing facts:
(1) The construction site area of yongding bridge carbonate reservoir is mainly distributed in silurian-carboniferous petroleum zhongtong rom provoke ping group. The four thrust faults develop more than the steep rock layer fracture and gently fracture which nearly did fellow ship and into an "X" type, and the left bank of the joints and fissures is right.
(2) The development of Site area karst degree is left, right to dissolve KongRong high visibility, karst cave, belong to pipe - soluble clearance channels.
(3) Typically, groundwater recharge way has the surface water supply and drainage of atmospheric precipitation recharge, site area mainly migration in karst groundwater piping, significantly better environment on groundwater runoff right. The groundwater drain in a 1700m elevation above is the mountain slope zone for discharge, it focus on quicksand river "U" shaped gugu bottom slope districts to drain.
(4) The Construction of yongding bridge in silurian-carboniferous petroleum reservoir dam zhongtong rom provoke ping, lithology strata in middle group mainly for sandy limestone. There can occur with medium permeable dam seepage suggest setting, leakage.
(5) Left in the abutment main building provoke ping group dolostone, limestone strata, because water superior run condition, left karst development degree is higher, a pipe net, karst channel reservoir impounding in the karst channel under normal impoundment level will be around the dam seepage main ways. Due to the need to install, seepage karst development bottom trend surface basically identical with weak weathered zone depth limit, curtain to weak weathered zone depth limit. As for karst leakage passages, according to the principle of filling and processed.
(6) Right in the abutment main building xujiahe formation, the sand, shale and coal.Overlying artesian well group and the group of shaxi red temple and mudstones from Saul, provoke ping group dolostone, limestone. Rom provoke ping groups in karst development level, low karst seepage less.Attention is the fish in the hole was thick about faults. Suggestions are covered with spray. In addition to bring strong weathering in rock medium permeability, suggest setting seepage control.
本文研究了拟建永定桥水库坝址区的自然地理条件、地层岩性、地质构造、岩溶类型及影响岩溶发育的因素、水文地质条件,并进行坝址区地下水连通性实验研究及水化学分析,对渗漏量进行了计算,并提出相应的防渗处理措施与建议。论文主要结论为:
(1)拟建永定桥水库坝址区碳酸盐岩广布,主要是志留系中统罗惹坪组(S2l)。发育四条断层,均为逆断层;节理裂隙较发育,多为陡倾的切层裂隙和与岩层近于平行的平缓裂隙相交而成“X”型节理。
(2)坝址区左岸岩溶发育程度明显较右岸高,主要为溶孔溶隙,可见溶洞,岩溶通道属于管道-溶隙型。
(3)坝址区地下水的补给方式有地表水体补给和大气降雨的补给。坝址区地下水主要运移于岩溶管道系统之中,左岸地下水径流环境明显优于右岸。地下水排泄一是在高程1700m以上的高山斜坡地带进行排泄,二是集中于流沙河“U”形谷谷底斜坡地段进行排泄。
(4)拟建永定桥水库坝体置于志留系中统罗惹坪组中段地层上,岩性主要为砂质灰岩。存在中等透水带,可发生坝基渗漏,建议设置防渗帷幕。
(5)左岸坝肩主要建筑在罗惹坪组白云岩、灰岩地层上,由于左岸地下水径流条件优越,岩溶发育程度较高,岩溶通道呈管网状,水库蓄水在正常蓄水位之下的岩溶通道将成为绕坝渗漏的主要途径。需设置防渗帷幕,帷幕深度需达到弱风化带下限深度。对于溶洞等集中渗漏通道按照堵、填、排的原则进行处理。
(6)右岸坝肩主要建筑在须家河组地层上,岩性主要为砂、页岩和煤线;上覆自流井组和沙溪庙组的红色砂、泥岩层,下伏罗惹坪组白云岩、灰岩。罗惹坪组岩溶发育程度较低。但需引起注意的是鱼洞处的断层破碎带,建议对其进行喷浆覆盖处理,并对强风化带内岩层设置防渗帷幕。
Yongding bridge reservoir which sit in province of Sicuan han yuan built on the drift sand river, the main task satisfy not only new city the source water, rural resettlement and irrigation,but also rational arrange rural life along channels, irrigation and water environment and water township enterprises.yongding bridege have seppage and leakage around dam. It have significant implications for research the leakage of Yongding bridge.
The article studies the factors of yongding bridge reservoir on natural geographical conditions, stratigraphic lithology , geological structures and karstic types and influence factors of karst development, hydrogeology conditions, site area and the connectedness of groundwater chemical analysis and experimental research of water. calculating the amount of leakage and suggesting correspond seepage of countermeasures , The main conclusions include flowing facts:
(1) The construction site area of yongding bridge carbonate reservoir is mainly distributed in silurian-carboniferous petroleum zhongtong rom provoke ping group. The four thrust faults develop more than the steep rock layer fracture and gently fracture which nearly did fellow ship and into an "X" type, and the left bank of the joints and fissures is right.
(2) The development of Site area karst degree is left, right to dissolve KongRong high visibility, karst cave, belong to pipe - soluble clearance channels.
(3) Typically, groundwater recharge way has the surface water supply and drainage of atmospheric precipitation recharge, site area mainly migration in karst groundwater piping, significantly better environment on groundwater runoff right. The groundwater drain in a 1700m elevation above is the mountain slope zone for discharge, it focus on quicksand river "U" shaped gugu bottom slope districts to drain.
(4) The Construction of yongding bridge in silurian-carboniferous petroleum reservoir dam zhongtong rom provoke ping, lithology strata in middle group mainly for sandy limestone. There can occur with medium permeable dam seepage suggest setting, leakage.
(5) Left in the abutment main building provoke ping group dolostone, limestone strata, because water superior run condition, left karst development degree is higher, a pipe net, karst channel reservoir impounding in the karst channel under normal impoundment level will be around the dam seepage main ways. Due to the need to install, seepage karst development bottom trend surface basically identical with weak weathered zone depth limit, curtain to weak weathered zone depth limit. As for karst leakage passages, according to the principle of filling and processed.
(6) Right in the abutment main building xujiahe formation, the sand, shale and coal.Overlying artesian well group and the group of shaxi red temple and mudstones from Saul, provoke ping group dolostone, limestone. Rom provoke ping groups in karst development level, low karst seepage less.Attention is the fish in the hole was thick about faults. Suggestions are covered with spray. In addition to bring strong weathering in rock medium permeability, suggest setting seepage control.
引文
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[2]宋汉周.大坝环境水文地质研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2007.
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[4]吴建军,余学明,袁志刚.永定桥水利工程总体布置[J].水电站设计.2007.23(4) :31-33.
[5]王广巍.永定桥水库坝址区选择工程地质分析[J].四川水利.2008.4:39-43.
[6]肖慧英.拟建永定桥水库坝址区水环境研究[D].四川:成都理工大学.2008.
[7]徐福兴,陈飞.水库岩溶渗漏问题研究[A].西部水利水电开发与岩溶水文地质论文集[C].2004.
[8]袁志刚,吴建军,余学明.四川永定桥水库库岸的稳定分析及处理措施[J].水电站设计.2007.23(2):77-79.
[9]成都理工大学,国家电力公司成都勘测设计研究院.瀑布沟水电站库区移民工程永定桥水库三交坪蠕滑体专题研究报告(中间资料)[R].2004.1～55.
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[13]邓英尔,贾疏源,黄润秋等.岩溶缝洞系统地下水系研究[J].地球科学进展.2008.23(5):489-493.
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[18]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社.1994.
[19]刘正峰等.水文地质手册(第一卷)[M].银声音像出版社.2005.
[20] Ognjen Bonacci,Tanja roje-Bonacci.Water losses from the Ricice reservoir built in the Dinaric karst[J].Engineering Geology.2008.99(3-4):121-127.
[21] M.Ahmadipour.The effect of sinkholes on leakage of water from the Sarabchenar dam.Southwest Iran.Journal of Environmental Hydrology [J]2005.(13):1-5:213-215.
[22] Turkmen.Treatment of the seepage problems at the Kelcik Dam(Turkey) [J].EngineeringGeology.2003.68:159-169.
[23]袁永龄,杨云辉.结合永定桥项目浅析大中型水利水电工程移民安置规划大纲的编制[J].黄河规划设计.2007.2:113-115.
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[2]宋汉周.大坝环境水文地质研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2007.
[3]谭福林.大坝渗漏危害及处理措施分析[J].水利工程.2003.21(4):52.
[4]吴建军,余学明,袁志刚.永定桥水利工程总体布置[J].水电站设计.2007.23(4) :31-33.
[5]王广巍.永定桥水库坝址区选择工程地质分析[J].四川水利.2008.4:39-43.
[6]肖慧英.拟建永定桥水库坝址区水环境研究[D].四川:成都理工大学.2008.
[7]徐福兴,陈飞.水库岩溶渗漏问题研究[A].西部水利水电开发与岩溶水文地质论文集[C].2004.
[8]袁志刚,吴建军,余学明.四川永定桥水库库岸的稳定分析及处理措施[J].水电站设计.2007.23(2):77-79.
[9]成都理工大学,国家电力公司成都勘测设计研究院.瀑布沟水电站库区移民工程永定桥水库三交坪蠕滑体专题研究报告(中间资料)[R].2004.1～55.
[10]白逢义.四川永定桥水库库区三交坪边坡稳定性评价研究[D].吉林:吉林大学建设工程学院.2007.
[11]王运生,孙书勤,李永昭.地貌学及第四纪地质学简明教程[M].四川:四川大学出版社.2007.
[12]卢耀如.中国岩溶—景观·类型·规律[M].北京:地质出版社.1986.
[13]邓英尔,贾疏源,黄润秋等.岩溶缝洞系统地下水系研究[J].地球科学进展.2008.23(5):489-493.
[14]张英骏,缪钟灵,毛健全等.应用岩溶学及洞穴学[M].贵州:贵州人民出版社.1985.
[15]邹成杰.水利水电岩溶工程地质[M].北京:水利电力出版社.1994.
[16]张咸恭,李智毅,郑达辉等.专门工程地质学[M].北京:地质出版社.1988.
[17]中国计划出版社.水利水电工程地质勘察规范GB 50287-99 [S].
[18]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社.1994.
[19]刘正峰等.水文地质手册(第一卷)[M].银声音像出版社.2005.
[20] Ognjen Bonacci,Tanja roje-Bonacci.Water losses from the Ricice reservoir built in the Dinaric karst[J].Engineering Geology.2008.99(3-4):121-127.
[21] M.Ahmadipour.The effect of sinkholes on leakage of water from the Sarabchenar dam.Southwest Iran.Journal of Environmental Hydrology [J]2005.(13):1-5:213-215.
[22] Turkmen.Treatment of the seepage problems at the Kelcik Dam(Turkey) [J].EngineeringGeology.2003.68:159-169.
[23]袁永龄,杨云辉.结合永定桥项目浅析大中型水利水电工程移民安置规划大纲的编制[J].黄河规划设计.2007.2:113-115.
[24]蒋友清.川河水库环境地质问题预测及评价[J].长沙市水利水电勘测设计院.1998.9:256 -277.
[25] Qinghai Guo, Yanxin Wang, WeiLiu, Major hydrogeoehemical processes in the Two reservoirs of the Yangbajing geothermal field, Tibet, China, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2007,166. 255-268.
[26]鄂竟平.要充分发挥水库的作用[J].水利建设与管理.2006.7:256 -277.
[27]司富安等.中国大江大河的开发治理与环境地质[A] .北京:地质出版社.1998.
[28]贾永刚.环境工程地质学[M].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社.2003.
[29]袁志刚,吴建军,余学明.四川永定桥水库库岸的稳定分析及处理措施[J].水电站设计2007.23(2) .
[30]张成恭等.专门工程地质学[M].北京:地质出版社.1997.
[31]沈照理,朱宛华.水文地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社.1990.
[32]张倬元等.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社.1994.
[33]姚长宏.西南岩溶地区植被喀斯特效应[J].地球学报.2001.3:713-725.
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