齿轮加工图形参数化自动编程系统的开发与研究
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摘要
本文对在齿轮数控加工中自动编程的意义、地位及组成进行了讨论和分析，详
细介绍齿轮加工机床CNC系统的图形参数化编程方法以及编译系统的功能实现及
数据结构，并以Visual C++6． 0为开发工具，开发出齿轮数控加工图形参数化自动编
程系统。
针对齿轮数控加工，本编程系统研究了齿轮数控加工自动编程的体系结构，包
括几何造型、刀位计算、后置处理及文件编辑器等几个方面的内容。从分析研究齿
轮的啮合原理入手，建立了渐开线齿轮齿廓的数学模型，使用面向对象技术，实现
了齿轮轮齿这一复杂曲面的三维造型。并调用三维绘图软件为开发环境，系统自动
的根据输入和计算所得的参数完成齿轮的结构设计与整体结构，直接在该绘图环境
中生成三维零件图，以便于后期工作的进行。通过分析对常用而复杂的齿轮齿廓采
用等误差直线逼近法进行插补计算，以此进行刀位计算。并分析和研究了非圆齿轮
的啮合原理和数控加工自动编程算法，介绍了在此基础上开发非圆齿轮数控编程系
统的思路。采用了通用化的后置处理模块，使系统的应用得到拓展。采用开放共享
标准数据库，图形库和数据库易于交流数据，具有友好的集成系统界面，以中文方
式交互咨询，能在微机环境下运行，易于操作。在其结构上保证知识库容易实现知
识的维护和更新，并讨论了专家库的建立与融合。
论文最后还讨论了齿轮数控加工技术研究开发的方向，以便今后研究参考。
This thesis is going to discuss and analyze the significance, position as well as the constitution of the automatic program for gear NC machining, and then it's going to give a detailed introduction of the sketch parameter method of program for gear machining tool CNC system and the function realization and data structure of coding system, furthermore, it's going to set up an automatic program system based on sketch parameter for gear NC machining by mean of the develop tool of Visual C++6.0.
Aiming at gear NC machining, this program system studies several aspects of the systematic structures of the automatic program for gear NC machining, including geometry structure, CL calculation, NC post as well as file editor. To start with the analysis and study of the gear mesh principle; this paper establishes the mathematics model of involute outline of the gear gradually. Meanwhile, the adoption of the facing object technician realizes the complicated 3D construction of the gear teeth. What's more, by using 3D drawing software, the system finishes the structure design and the whole structure of the gear automatically according to the parameter inputted or calculated and after that it directly produces a 3D sketch of a part in this given drawing environment so as to be used in the later work. Through the analysis of the lineal approach method employed in dealing with the tolerance of the most common and complicated gear teeth, interpolation is figured out as well s the CL calculation. Besides, it makes
some research on the match principle and the auto program for the NC machining toward the curved gear and it also gives some introduction of the ideas of exploring the NC program system for the curved gear. In a word, by using commonly practiced NC post model, the application of the system is expanded; by adopting open and standard data base, the communication between sketch base and data base is simplified, which provides a friendly integrated system face in which inter-consultation can be done in Chinese in the microcomputer environment. Also, it guarantees the maintenance and renewal of the knowledge and discusses the set up and amalgamation of the expert base.
Finally, this paper discusses and predicts the research trend of the gear NC machining technique so as to be used in the later research.
细介绍齿轮加工机床CNC系统的图形参数化编程方法以及编译系统的功能实现及
数据结构，并以Visual C++6． 0为开发工具，开发出齿轮数控加工图形参数化自动编
程系统。
针对齿轮数控加工，本编程系统研究了齿轮数控加工自动编程的体系结构，包
括几何造型、刀位计算、后置处理及文件编辑器等几个方面的内容。从分析研究齿
轮的啮合原理入手，建立了渐开线齿轮齿廓的数学模型，使用面向对象技术，实现
了齿轮轮齿这一复杂曲面的三维造型。并调用三维绘图软件为开发环境，系统自动
的根据输入和计算所得的参数完成齿轮的结构设计与整体结构，直接在该绘图环境
中生成三维零件图，以便于后期工作的进行。通过分析对常用而复杂的齿轮齿廓采
用等误差直线逼近法进行插补计算，以此进行刀位计算。并分析和研究了非圆齿轮
的啮合原理和数控加工自动编程算法，介绍了在此基础上开发非圆齿轮数控编程系
统的思路。采用了通用化的后置处理模块，使系统的应用得到拓展。采用开放共享
标准数据库，图形库和数据库易于交流数据，具有友好的集成系统界面，以中文方
式交互咨询，能在微机环境下运行，易于操作。在其结构上保证知识库容易实现知
识的维护和更新，并讨论了专家库的建立与融合。
论文最后还讨论了齿轮数控加工技术研究开发的方向，以便今后研究参考。
This thesis is going to discuss and analyze the significance, position as well as the constitution of the automatic program for gear NC machining, and then it's going to give a detailed introduction of the sketch parameter method of program for gear machining tool CNC system and the function realization and data structure of coding system, furthermore, it's going to set up an automatic program system based on sketch parameter for gear NC machining by mean of the develop tool of Visual C++6.0.
Aiming at gear NC machining, this program system studies several aspects of the systematic structures of the automatic program for gear NC machining, including geometry structure, CL calculation, NC post as well as file editor. To start with the analysis and study of the gear mesh principle; this paper establishes the mathematics model of involute outline of the gear gradually. Meanwhile, the adoption of the facing object technician realizes the complicated 3D construction of the gear teeth. What's more, by using 3D drawing software, the system finishes the structure design and the whole structure of the gear automatically according to the parameter inputted or calculated and after that it directly produces a 3D sketch of a part in this given drawing environment so as to be used in the later work. Through the analysis of the lineal approach method employed in dealing with the tolerance of the most common and complicated gear teeth, interpolation is figured out as well s the CL calculation. Besides, it makes
some research on the match principle and the auto program for the NC machining toward the curved gear and it also gives some introduction of the ideas of exploring the NC program system for the curved gear. In a word, by using commonly practiced NC post model, the application of the system is expanded; by adopting open and standard data base, the communication between sketch base and data base is simplified, which provides a friendly integrated system face in which inter-consultation can be done in Chinese in the microcomputer environment. Also, it guarantees the maintenance and renewal of the knowledge and discusses the set up and amalgamation of the expert base.
Finally, this paper discusses and predicts the research trend of the gear NC machining technique so as to be used in the later research.
引文
[1] 胡赤兵 齿轮加工CNC系统机械工业自动化1998(4)
[2] 胡赤兵 谭伟民 阎树田 田保仓 数控齿轮加工中的技术关键 甘肃工业大学 学报1997(6)
[3] 梁永芳 数控滚齿机的对刀计算 甘肃工业大学学报1997(9)
[4] 赵汝嘉主编 计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP) 北京机械工业出版社 1995
[5] 高健 面向对象的零件特征类库建设机械工业自动化 1994(4)
[6] 郑江 张保全 桂志国 现代齿轮技术的发展和我国齿轮制造面临的问题 华北工学院学报1997(1)
[7] 阎树田 数控滚削鼓形齿轮时刀具坐标的确定 制造技术与机床1997(8)
[8] 阎树田 数控滚削小锥齿轮时刀具坐标的确定制造技术与机床1997(6)
[9] 胡俊 吴祖育 数控技术的现状和发展趋势 机械工程师 2000(3)
[10] 王延辉等 机械制造工业基础 中国铁道出版社1998． 11
[11] lzrduv基于Pro／E平台的工程图纸自动化生成软件的开发 www．CADStudy．net，2003． 1
[12] 过杨等 基于Pro／Engineer的内燃机车三维标准件库的建立北方交通大学 学报2002． 2
[13] 蒋新宇等基于Pro／E的刀具资源管理系统的研究与开发机械制造2003． 3
[14] 李桂特 数控技术的发展机械工程师2001(3)
[15] 景琦 数控机床伺服驱动技术的现状与发展趋势机械工程师 2001(3)
[16] 徐嘉元 曹家驹 机械制造工艺学 机械工业出版社1999． 5
[17] 蔚承建 姚苏苏 何振亚 改进的进化计算及其应用 自动化学报1998(2)
[18] 张伦伟 钱晋武 CIMS的技术概要 发展现状及趋势 计算机辅助与制造 2001． 7
[19] 王耀南编 智能控制系统 湖南大学出版社1998
[20] 冯辛安CAD／CAM技术概论 机械工业出版社 1995． 3
[21] 张建华编数字电子技术 机械工业出版社 1998
[22] 杨有君编 数字控制技术及数控机床机械工业出版社 1999
[23] 江波等基于Pro／E二次开发的铁道客车结构三维参数化CAD系统[J]机械 设计与制造工程2002． 31(5) ：58~59
[24] 赖朝安等Pro／E二次开发的关键技术[J]机械设计与制造工程2001． 30(1)
[25] 刘锡锋 董黎敏 机械CAD-Pro／E应用及开发[M]机械工业出版社 2002． 5
[26] 张红旗 曹文钢 Pro／ENGINEER二次开发技术的应用与研究计算机辅助与 制造2002． 7
[27] 朱朝宽 基于Pro／E的多轴箱参数化设计 组合机床与自动化加工技术 2002． 10
[28] 李燕基于Pro／E的的齿轮三维参数化特征造型设计制造业自动化 2003． 6
[29] 刘文芝等 基于Pro／ENGINEER的三维实体造型计算机辅助与制造2002． 5
[30] 陈辰等 基于Pro／E平台的工程图纸自动化生成软件的开发 WWW．icad．com．cn 2001． 11
[31] 赵彻等 图形交互自动编程技术的应用 计算机辅助设计与制造 1998． 8
[32] 熊光楞 现代集成制造系统(CIMS)系列 清华大学出版社 2001． 5
[33] 范俊广主编 数控机床及其应用机械工业出版社1993
[34] 徐 灏编 机械设计手册(第五卷)机械工业出版社1992
[35] 吴晓光 基于Vc++类库的CAD／CAPP集成系统的研究与实践机械工程与 应用2000． 8
[36] 蔡长韬等 面向CAD／CAPP集成的特征造型技术研究 机械1999． 2
[37] 张晓华主编 控制系统数字方正与CAD哈尔滨工业大学出版社1999
[38] Multitasking Completes The Gearmaking Job. September 1997/Tooling & Production
[39] Gear Shaping With CNC. November 1995/American machinist
[40] High Speed Dry Gear Hobbing. January 1999/Tooling &Production
[41] Gaging Gears For Harley. Davidson,donaldb,dobbins July 2000/Tooling& Production
[42] Parametric Technology Corporation. Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Pro/TOOLKIT User's Guide.USA: PTC, 2001
[43] "Avoiding Interference in Shaper-Cut Gear." Van Gerpen &Reece. Jan/Feb. 1996/Gear technology
[44] "CNC Gear Shaping." Sulzer. Mar/Apr. 1986/Geartechnology
[45] "Design Implications for Shaper Cutter." Ainsworth. July/aug. 1996/Gear technology
[46] "Gear Shaping Machine: CNC development." Lange. Nov/Dec. 1985/Geartechnology
[47] "Hard Cutting-a Competitive Process in High Quality Gear Production." Klein. May/June. 1987/Geartechnology
[48] "Gear Generation Using Rack Cutters." Miller. Oct/Nov. 1985/Geartechnology
[49] "Innovative CNC Gear Shaping.' Lange. Jan/Feb. 1994/Geartechnology
[50] "New Concepts in CNC Gear Shaping." Feltan&Johnson. July/Aug. 1995/Geartechnology
[51] "New Guideless CNC Shaper For Helical Machines." Uneo. Mar/Apr. 1998/Gear technology
[56] Hamid R.BERENT, Use of Artificial Intelligence in Automated Process planning, CIMS, Setp.1986
[57] Chang T C, Wysk R A, An Introduction To Automated Process Systems Prentice Hall, Englewood, 1985
[58] Gerald L.Nordland, The Future of CAPP, Dec.Marlbvro.Massa.bclusetts Developer's Guide.AutoDesk, December, 1997
[59] Wang H P, Wysk R A, TURBO-CAPP, a Knowledge-Based Computer Aided Process Planning Systems. 19th CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing System, 1987
[60] Y.S.Liu and K.ALLEN, A Flexible, interaction Front-and for a computer-Aided process planning system, Second UMIST/ACME Workshop on Advanced Research in computer-Aided Manufacture, 7-8th ganuary, 1987
[61] Chang T C, Expert Process Planning for Manufacturing, Addision Wesley Publishing Company, 1990
[2] 胡赤兵 谭伟民 阎树田 田保仓 数控齿轮加工中的技术关键 甘肃工业大学 学报1997(6)
[3] 梁永芳 数控滚齿机的对刀计算 甘肃工业大学学报1997(9)
[4] 赵汝嘉主编 计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP) 北京机械工业出版社 1995
[5] 高健 面向对象的零件特征类库建设机械工业自动化 1994(4)
[6] 郑江 张保全 桂志国 现代齿轮技术的发展和我国齿轮制造面临的问题 华北工学院学报1997(1)
[7] 阎树田 数控滚削鼓形齿轮时刀具坐标的确定 制造技术与机床1997(8)
[8] 阎树田 数控滚削小锥齿轮时刀具坐标的确定制造技术与机床1997(6)
[9] 胡俊 吴祖育 数控技术的现状和发展趋势 机械工程师 2000(3)
[10] 王延辉等 机械制造工业基础 中国铁道出版社1998． 11
[11] lzrduv基于Pro／E平台的工程图纸自动化生成软件的开发 www．CADStudy．net，2003． 1
[12] 过杨等 基于Pro／Engineer的内燃机车三维标准件库的建立北方交通大学 学报2002． 2
[13] 蒋新宇等基于Pro／E的刀具资源管理系统的研究与开发机械制造2003． 3
[14] 李桂特 数控技术的发展机械工程师2001(3)
[15] 景琦 数控机床伺服驱动技术的现状与发展趋势机械工程师 2001(3)
[16] 徐嘉元 曹家驹 机械制造工艺学 机械工业出版社1999． 5
[17] 蔚承建 姚苏苏 何振亚 改进的进化计算及其应用 自动化学报1998(2)
[18] 张伦伟 钱晋武 CIMS的技术概要 发展现状及趋势 计算机辅助与制造 2001． 7
[19] 王耀南编 智能控制系统 湖南大学出版社1998
[20] 冯辛安CAD／CAM技术概论 机械工业出版社 1995． 3
[21] 张建华编数字电子技术 机械工业出版社 1998
[22] 杨有君编 数字控制技术及数控机床机械工业出版社 1999
[23] 江波等基于Pro／E二次开发的铁道客车结构三维参数化CAD系统[J]机械 设计与制造工程2002． 31(5) ：58~59
[24] 赖朝安等Pro／E二次开发的关键技术[J]机械设计与制造工程2001． 30(1)
[25] 刘锡锋 董黎敏 机械CAD-Pro／E应用及开发[M]机械工业出版社 2002． 5
[26] 张红旗 曹文钢 Pro／ENGINEER二次开发技术的应用与研究计算机辅助与 制造2002． 7
[27] 朱朝宽 基于Pro／E的多轴箱参数化设计 组合机床与自动化加工技术 2002． 10
[28] 李燕基于Pro／E的的齿轮三维参数化特征造型设计制造业自动化 2003． 6
[29] 刘文芝等 基于Pro／ENGINEER的三维实体造型计算机辅助与制造2002． 5
[30] 陈辰等 基于Pro／E平台的工程图纸自动化生成软件的开发 WWW．icad．com．cn 2001． 11
[31] 赵彻等 图形交互自动编程技术的应用 计算机辅助设计与制造 1998． 8
[32] 熊光楞 现代集成制造系统(CIMS)系列 清华大学出版社 2001． 5
[33] 范俊广主编 数控机床及其应用机械工业出版社1993
[34] 徐 灏编 机械设计手册(第五卷)机械工业出版社1992
[35] 吴晓光 基于Vc++类库的CAD／CAPP集成系统的研究与实践机械工程与 应用2000． 8
[36] 蔡长韬等 面向CAD／CAPP集成的特征造型技术研究 机械1999． 2
[37] 张晓华主编 控制系统数字方正与CAD哈尔滨工业大学出版社1999
[38] Multitasking Completes The Gearmaking Job. September 1997/Tooling & Production
[39] Gear Shaping With CNC. November 1995/American machinist
[40] High Speed Dry Gear Hobbing. January 1999/Tooling &Production
[41] Gaging Gears For Harley. Davidson,donaldb,dobbins July 2000/Tooling& Production
[42] Parametric Technology Corporation. Pro/ENGINEER 2001 Pro/TOOLKIT User's Guide.USA: PTC, 2001
[43] "Avoiding Interference in Shaper-Cut Gear." Van Gerpen &Reece. Jan/Feb. 1996/Gear technology
[44] "CNC Gear Shaping." Sulzer. Mar/Apr. 1986/Geartechnology
[45] "Design Implications for Shaper Cutter." Ainsworth. July/aug. 1996/Gear technology
[46] "Gear Shaping Machine: CNC development." Lange. Nov/Dec. 1985/Geartechnology
[47] "Hard Cutting-a Competitive Process in High Quality Gear Production." Klein. May/June. 1987/Geartechnology
[48] "Gear Generation Using Rack Cutters." Miller. Oct/Nov. 1985/Geartechnology
[49] "Innovative CNC Gear Shaping.' Lange. Jan/Feb. 1994/Geartechnology
[50] "New Concepts in CNC Gear Shaping." Feltan&Johnson. July/Aug. 1995/Geartechnology
[51] "New Guideless CNC Shaper For Helical Machines." Uneo. Mar/Apr. 1998/Gear technology
[56] Hamid R.BERENT, Use of Artificial Intelligence in Automated Process planning, CIMS, Setp.1986
[57] Chang T C, Wysk R A, An Introduction To Automated Process Systems Prentice Hall, Englewood, 1985
[58] Gerald L.Nordland, The Future of CAPP, Dec.Marlbvro.Massa.bclusetts Developer's Guide.AutoDesk, December, 1997
[59] Wang H P, Wysk R A, TURBO-CAPP, a Knowledge-Based Computer Aided Process Planning Systems. 19th CIRP International Seminar on Manufacturing System, 1987
[60] Y.S.Liu and K.ALLEN, A Flexible, interaction Front-and for a computer-Aided process planning system, Second UMIST/ACME Workshop on Advanced Research in computer-Aided Manufacture, 7-8th ganuary, 1987
[61] Chang T C, Expert Process Planning for Manufacturing, Addision Wesley Publishing Company, 1990