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土石坝自动化监测系统安全评价研究
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摘要
土石坝自动化监测系统的建设是一项复杂的系统工程,它不仅要实现对现场采集单元的控制和数据远传功能,而且涉及了大量基于水工专业知识和统计理论知识的数据监控和报警问题。本文在阐明国内外发展现状的基础上,结合山西省文峪河水库的自动化监测系统建设,以土石坝渗流监测为切入点,从安全评价的角度对工程实施过程中的设备选型、系统集成、报警体系以及软件编制等多个环节进行了系统研究。
     在硬件选型和系统集成的基础上,建立了一整套包括故障诊断、粗差剔除、异常判别以及测值准确性检验在内的运行状态评估体系;通过对土石坝安全状况和统计模型监控指标确定方法的论述,建立了适应工程实际的多级报警机制,为自动化系统“海量数据”的分析处理以及潜在危险的及时发现提供了便利条件。
     参照国内相关文献的研究成果,本文完成了基于影响因素分析的统计预测模型的因子选择工作。土石坝渗流研究的复杂性和艰巨性使得新的建模思想的引入成为必然,采用数值计算软件MATLAB开发的人工神经网络B-P模型,较之逐步回归模
    
    太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
    型,渗压预测结果整体占优,显示了其在知识背景复杂而且不
    确定情况下开展预测工作的独特优越性。以位势理论、化引流
    量、防渗系数和渗流热监测为代表的一系列分析模型的引入,
    极大地丰富了传统的土石坝监测资料整编分析方法。
     根据专家系统理论开展成因分析研究是本文的一大特色:
    以“系统图表资源充分利用”为目的的人机界面设置,基于“二
    分树”方法的专家知识的数据库存储,使得多个测点之间的关
    联性分析成为可能,为土石坝的日常管理工作提供了一种崭新
    的资料分析模式。
     在计算机技术日新月异,学科交叉日趋深入的今天,传统
    的安全监测工作正被赋予更多新的内容。针对整个监测系统的
    安全评价研究的初步完成,为文峪河水库土石坝自动化监测系
    统的建设提供了强有力的技术支持。
     随着人们对土石坝工程特殊性和自动化系统复杂性认识
    的逐步深入,围绕设备安全性、数据准确性、报警及时性、模
    型可靠性等多个层面的安全评价研究将持续进行,这有助于形
    成一套完整的系统实施方案,对于全国范围内如火如茶的水利
    工程信息化建设具有重要的现实意义。
The construction of earth-rockfill dam automatic monitoring system is a complex systems engineering which not only should control MCU, realize the function of data distance transmission, but also includes the monitoring and alarm problems based on water conservancy knowledge and statistic theory. On the basis of clarifying the current situation of dam safety monitoring in the world, combined with the automatic monitoring system's construction for Wen Yuhe reservoir, the equipment selection, system integration, alarm system, software exploration etc. are systematically researched in this paper, with the cut-in point seepage monitoring, the visual angle safety evaluation.
    Based on the equipment selection and system integration, the paper sets up a complete set of evaluation system for running state, failure diagnosis, wide error elimination, abnormity inspection and nicety test of value involved. After discussing the safety status of Wen Yuhe reservoir and the monitoring target's solution of statistical model, the paper establishes a multilevel alarm system, which is suitable for the project, advantageous for the magnitude data analysis and latency danger detection in time.
    Consulting the research fruit of some literature in our country, the genes selection work based on influence factors of statistical forecasting model is
    
    
    finished. It is necessary to take new modeling idea into the seepage study of earth-rockfill dam, which is complex and difficult. The seepage forecasting results of artificial neutral network B-P model developed by the number calculation software MATLAB, are better than that of stepwise regression model, which showed the superiority of B-P model when the condition is complex and not clarified. The traditional analysis methods of monitoring data are enriched by a series of models, in which the potential theory, flux of unit, coefficient of seepage defended and temperature monitoring are delegates.
    The cause analysis of formation based on expert system theory is the paper's characteristic: the human-machine interface making the best of the system chart resource and the database memory based on binary tree method, make the relation analysis among distinct point possibly. And it also provides a new data analysis model for the reservoir administration.
    Today, with the changing quickly computer technology and in-depth subjects chiasma, the traditional safety monitoring work is being endowed with much more new content. The principium safety evaluation work offers technology supports strongly for the construction of automatic monitoring system in Wen Yuhe reservoir.
    With the step up knowledge about earth-rockfill dam's particularity and automatic system's complexity, encircling equipment security, data veracity, alarm in time, model reliability, conclusion rationality etc, the deeply persistive research will help a complete actualizing scheme come in to being, and possess important realistic meaning for the abroad communication construction of water conservancy all over the country.
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