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习语,文化空缺与翻译
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摘要
本文试图将语用学的最新理论顺应论引入汉英习语文化空缺的翻译,旨在找
    到习语语用等值翻译的有效途径及理论支持。
    由于人类各民族文化个性的广泛存在,导致了反映人类文化的语言特别是作
    为特殊语言成分的习语间存在着巨大的文化空缺。对文化空缺的处理是否得当,
    往往成了翻译特别是习语翻译成功与否的关键。本文在提出了空缺的概念后分析
    了习语中文化空缺产生的原因、具体体现及其对习语翻译产生的影响。然后从语
    用学理论出发,指出达到语用等值是习语文化空缺翻译的首要任务。语用学的最
    新理论顺应论强调人们使用语言的过程是一个基于语言内部与外部的原因,在不
    同的意识程度下不断作出语言选择的过程。而翻译作为一种语际间信息交流的过
    程,也必然涉及到语言的选择。原作品生成是语言选择的过程,译作也是语言结
    构和语境动态顺应的结果。所以在翻译中,译者应准确把握原作者的意图,并对
    译文读者的认知状态做出正确评估,不断对语境及语言结构作出顺应,采取不同
    的方法(更多的是采用归化的翻译方法)处理习语中的文化空缺现象,努力实现
    与译文读者间交际的顺利进行。最后笔者通过对《水浒传》英译本中具有典型文
    化空缺习语翻译的分析,验证了前面提出的观点,说明只有达到了语用等值的习
    语翻译才能准确地传递信息,起到文化交流与沟通的目的。而顺应论有助于更好
    地处理、传译习语中的文化空缺。
This paper is concerned with the application of adaptability theory to the translation of idioms with culture vacancy. Idioms are a special part of a language heavily loaded with culture messages which cause culture vacancy. It is always difficult for translators to transfer both the word meaning and its culture message of an idiom. Yet, the most important thing is to seek its communicative effect or its pragmatic equivalence of the idiom in the target language.
    According to the latest theory of pragmatics-adaptability theory, using language must consist of the continuous making of linguistic choices. Adaptability is the property of language which enables human beings to approach points of satisfaction for communicative needs. So the process of translating which is considered as a kind of communication between different languages and cultures is also a process of choices of language in terms of adaptability. In order to achieve the success of communication between the original language author and the translated text reader, the choice-making should be adapted to the context and structures. This means the translator should predict the mental world of his target readers and make the translated text acceptable in the target language. Then, the author applies adaptability theory to the analysis of idiom translation in Outlaws of the Marsh (Shui Hu Zhuan),and comes to the conclusion that adaptability can help to achieve pragmatic equivalence of idiom with culture vacancy
     in translation.
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