生态旅游产业可持续发展研究
摘要
在全球人类面临生存环境危机的背景下,随着人们环境意识的觉醒,绿色运动及绿色消费席卷全球,生态旅游作为绿色旅游消费,一经提出便在全球引起巨大反响。生态旅游从兴起至今约30年左右时间,但几乎全世界都在发展生态旅游,不管是发达国家还是发展中国家都把生态旅游作为产业来发展。在我国,由于可持续性发展战略及发展循环经济口号的提出,作为中国经济发展支柱产业之一的旅游业也衍生出一个新的旅游经济主体——生态旅游产业。但我国对生态旅游产业可持续发展的评价研究工作开始较晚,还主要从归纳、总结和定性的角度出发,在实证数据调查和定量分析方面还不完整,有待进一步加强。
江西是一个经济欠发达省份,虽然经过三十多年的改革开放,江西省的经济得到了一定的发展,由于底子薄,江西省的人均GDP仍处于国内较低的水平。但江西地处我国腹地,具有丰富的自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源,江西省也一直秉承“发展是硬道理”的发展观,抓住各种机遇,特别是经过近十年的发展,经济实力已全面提高。江西崛起走绿色之路,也是省委省政府立足省情、高瞻远瞩作出的非常睿智地正确抉择,且逐步完善的旅游基础设施也为江西发展生态旅游产业提供保障。如何利用这得天独厚的生态旅游资源来建设具有江西特色的生态旅游产业、怎样建立江西生态旅游产业发展战略、选择怎样的模式发展江西生态旅游产业是本文探讨和研究的重点。
建立具有江西特色的生态旅游产业体系是一个前瞻性的课题,笔者在分析国内外生态旅游产业发展的背景下,借鉴国外生态旅游产业发展的成功经验,并以江西为例进行研究,通过对江西生态旅游产业发展的资源条件、影响因素、发展现状等情况的调查分析,构建了江西生态旅游产业可持续发展的层次指标体系和模型并进行定量分析,最后提出江西生态旅游产业发展的具体措施,以期对江西生态旅游产业的可持续发展有所帮助。
本文共分四大块,从四个大的方面对研究内容进行了阐述：
第一块内容为生态旅游产业发展的理论研究。主要通过文献综述和归纳的方法,阅读国内外关于生态旅游产业发展的研究和相关文献资料,并进行分析、归纳、评价,在前人研究成果的基础上对生态旅游产业发展进行再思考。主要有二章内容：(1)第一章：导论,阐述本文研究的目的与意义,阐述国内外生态旅游产业研究动态、主要内容和方法。(2)第二章：理论基础,首先对生态旅游的概念进行了界定,并分析生态旅游系统的构成；其次对生态旅游产业发展的理论基础进行了详细的阐述,主要包括生态经济理论、协同理论、产业集群理论、可持续发展理论。
第二块内容为生态旅游产业的方法研究。利用不同方法对制约生态旅游产业发展要素进行分析研究,并进行综合评价。包括三章内容：(1)第三章：国外生态旅游产业发展状况,介绍了国外典型发达国家和发展中国家生态旅游的发展状况,以及借鉴和启示。(2)第四章：生态旅游产业发展的影响因素,分析了影响生态旅游产业发展的几个主要因素。(3)第五章：生态旅游产业可持续发展评价指标体系与模型,分析了评价指标体系的构建原则,对生态旅游产业发展的可能影响因素进行了专家问卷调查,利用层次分析法选择生态旅游产业发展的主要制约因子,构建生态旅游产业可持续发展的指标体系,并进一步构建了生态旅游产业可持续发展评介模型。
第三块内容为生态旅游产业发展的实证研究。以江西省为例,对生态旅游产业的发展进行实证研究,包括二章内容：(1)第六章：江西省生态旅游产业发展分析,在实证调查的基础上,从影响生态旅游产业发展的五个基本因素(自然环境因素、政策因素、经济因素、社会因素和技术因素)分别用SWOT分析法对江西省生态旅游产业发展进行了分析。(2)第七章：江西生态旅游产业可持续发展评价,用评价指标体系和评价模型对改革开放后江西省各地市旅游产业数据进行定量分析,得出评价结果。
第四块内容为生态旅游产业发展的对策研究。第八章：江西生态旅游产业可持续发展措施,根据评价结果,结合江西生态旅游产业发展存在的若干问题,提出江西省生态旅游产业可持续发展措施,包括机制选择、模式选择和政策保障。
Under the crisis of living environment that the human beings are up against, following the awakening of persons'environmental consciousness, the Green Movement and Green Consumption sweep across the globe. As a kind of green tourist consumption, ecotourism evoked worldwide repercussions once it was raised. By now, the ecotourism has gone through for30years or so since it was born. However, almost all the countries in the world, both developed countries and developing countries, take ecotourism as an industry to develop. In China, due to the slogans of Sustainable Development Strategy and Developing a Circular Economy, the tourism industry, as one of pillar industries of Chinese economic development, generates a new mainstay of tourist economy, ecotourism. Meanwhile, in China, the evaluation and study of sustainable development of ecotourism industry started lately, and are mainly from the angles of induction, conclusion and determination on the nature. Thus, we haven't done well in empirical data investigation and quantitative analysis which need to be strengthened.
Jiangxi is an underdeveloped province. Despite the economic progress it has made in the past30years, Jiangxi's GDP is still in a lower level because of the weak foundation. However, Jiangxi is located in the hinderland of our country, holding abundant natural and humanistic tourism resources. Jiangxi always takes the outlook Development is of Overriding Importance, and seizes every opportunity to enhance its economic strength, especially in recent10years. Jiangxi chooses a green way which is made wisely after analyzing the situation, looking far ahead and aiming high by the provincial party committee and government. Otherwise, the gradually improved infrastructure provides a guarantee for Jiangxi to develop ecotourism industry. The key point this thesis is going to discuss and investigate is how to make use of the advantaged ecotourism resources to construct the Jiangxi's unique ecotourism industry and developing strategy, along with the pattern to develop.
Constructing an ecotourism industry system with the features of Jiangxi is a perspective issue. The author analyzes the developing environment of world ecological tourism industry and the successful experiences of developing ecotourism industry in foreign countries. Taking Jiangxi as an research example, through investigating the resource advantages, influencing factors, and current situation, the thesis creates and quantitatively analyzes the level indicator system and patterns of sustainable development of ecotourism industry in Jiangxi. Finally, the thesis puts forward some concrete measures for the development of ecotourism industry in Jiangxi which are supposed to provide some help for its sustainable development.
This passage, consisting of four parts, illustrates the context for the study from four main aspects.
The first part is the theoretic research of ecotourism industry development. The methods of summarizing and concluding, along with reading the relevant literatures at home and abroad about the development of ecotourism industry are used here. Based on the forerunners'research outcome, the author rethinks the development of ecotourism industry. There are two chapters:(1)Chapter1:Introduction, elaborating the target and meaning of research, as well as the research trends and main modes of thought in domestic and overseas ecotourism industry;(2) Chapter2:Theoretic Foundation. Firstly, it defines the definition of ecotourism, and analyzes the constitution of ecotourism system. Then, it explains the foundation of developing ecotourism industry detailedly, mainly including ecological economics theory, synergy theory, industry bunching theory, and sustainable development theory.
The second part is the method research relevant with ecotourism industry. Different methods are used to investigate and evaluate the elements that affect the ecotourism industry development.(1)Chapter3:the Comparison of Developing Ecotourism Industry at Home and Abroad. It introduces the current developing situation and enlightenment of ecotourism in both developed and developing countries.(2) Chapter4:the Influencing Factors of Ecotourism Industry Development. It analyzes some factors that affect the development of ecotourism industry.(3) Chapter5:the Evaluation Index System and Pattern of Sustainable Development of Ecotourism Industry. It analyzes the constructing principles of evaluation index system, puts up the questionnaire of possible influencing factors of the ecotourism industry. Analytic hierarchy process is used here to choose the main influencing factors for ecotourism industry development, while panel data is development of ecotourism industry.
The third part is the empirical study of ecotourism industry development. Taking Jiangxi province as an example, the empirical study about ecotourism industry development will be carried out here. It contains two main chapters.(1) Chapter6: the Analysis of Ecotourism Industry Development in Jiangxi Province. Based on the real evidence, and the five influencing basic factors (natural environment factor, policy factor, economic factor, social factor and technical factor), it analyzes the ecotourism industry development in Jiangxi province respectively with the method of SWOT.(2) Chapter7:the Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Ecotourism Industry in Jiangxi Province. Evaluation index system and evaluation model are used to quantitatively analyze the tourism industry statistics of Jiangxi province since the Reform and opening-up and eventually comes out the evaluation result.
The fourth part is mainly about the strategy research of economic development of ecotourism industry. Chapter8:the Measures for Sustainable Development of Ecotourism Industry in Jiangxi Province. Combining the existing problems that occur during the ecotourism industry development, the thesis puts forward the measures for sustainable development of ecotourism industry in Jiangxi, including mechanism selection, pattern selection and policy guarantee.
江西是一个经济欠发达省份,虽然经过三十多年的改革开放,江西省的经济得到了一定的发展,由于底子薄,江西省的人均GDP仍处于国内较低的水平。但江西地处我国腹地,具有丰富的自然旅游资源和人文旅游资源,江西省也一直秉承“发展是硬道理”的发展观,抓住各种机遇,特别是经过近十年的发展,经济实力已全面提高。江西崛起走绿色之路,也是省委省政府立足省情、高瞻远瞩作出的非常睿智地正确抉择,且逐步完善的旅游基础设施也为江西发展生态旅游产业提供保障。如何利用这得天独厚的生态旅游资源来建设具有江西特色的生态旅游产业、怎样建立江西生态旅游产业发展战略、选择怎样的模式发展江西生态旅游产业是本文探讨和研究的重点。
建立具有江西特色的生态旅游产业体系是一个前瞻性的课题,笔者在分析国内外生态旅游产业发展的背景下,借鉴国外生态旅游产业发展的成功经验,并以江西为例进行研究,通过对江西生态旅游产业发展的资源条件、影响因素、发展现状等情况的调查分析,构建了江西生态旅游产业可持续发展的层次指标体系和模型并进行定量分析,最后提出江西生态旅游产业发展的具体措施,以期对江西生态旅游产业的可持续发展有所帮助。
本文共分四大块,从四个大的方面对研究内容进行了阐述：
第一块内容为生态旅游产业发展的理论研究。主要通过文献综述和归纳的方法,阅读国内外关于生态旅游产业发展的研究和相关文献资料,并进行分析、归纳、评价,在前人研究成果的基础上对生态旅游产业发展进行再思考。主要有二章内容：(1)第一章：导论,阐述本文研究的目的与意义,阐述国内外生态旅游产业研究动态、主要内容和方法。(2)第二章：理论基础,首先对生态旅游的概念进行了界定,并分析生态旅游系统的构成；其次对生态旅游产业发展的理论基础进行了详细的阐述,主要包括生态经济理论、协同理论、产业集群理论、可持续发展理论。
第二块内容为生态旅游产业的方法研究。利用不同方法对制约生态旅游产业发展要素进行分析研究,并进行综合评价。包括三章内容：(1)第三章：国外生态旅游产业发展状况,介绍了国外典型发达国家和发展中国家生态旅游的发展状况,以及借鉴和启示。(2)第四章：生态旅游产业发展的影响因素,分析了影响生态旅游产业发展的几个主要因素。(3)第五章：生态旅游产业可持续发展评价指标体系与模型,分析了评价指标体系的构建原则,对生态旅游产业发展的可能影响因素进行了专家问卷调查,利用层次分析法选择生态旅游产业发展的主要制约因子,构建生态旅游产业可持续发展的指标体系,并进一步构建了生态旅游产业可持续发展评介模型。
第三块内容为生态旅游产业发展的实证研究。以江西省为例,对生态旅游产业的发展进行实证研究,包括二章内容：(1)第六章：江西省生态旅游产业发展分析,在实证调查的基础上,从影响生态旅游产业发展的五个基本因素(自然环境因素、政策因素、经济因素、社会因素和技术因素)分别用SWOT分析法对江西省生态旅游产业发展进行了分析。(2)第七章：江西生态旅游产业可持续发展评价,用评价指标体系和评价模型对改革开放后江西省各地市旅游产业数据进行定量分析,得出评价结果。
第四块内容为生态旅游产业发展的对策研究。第八章：江西生态旅游产业可持续发展措施,根据评价结果,结合江西生态旅游产业发展存在的若干问题,提出江西省生态旅游产业可持续发展措施,包括机制选择、模式选择和政策保障。
Under the crisis of living environment that the human beings are up against, following the awakening of persons'environmental consciousness, the Green Movement and Green Consumption sweep across the globe. As a kind of green tourist consumption, ecotourism evoked worldwide repercussions once it was raised. By now, the ecotourism has gone through for30years or so since it was born. However, almost all the countries in the world, both developed countries and developing countries, take ecotourism as an industry to develop. In China, due to the slogans of Sustainable Development Strategy and Developing a Circular Economy, the tourism industry, as one of pillar industries of Chinese economic development, generates a new mainstay of tourist economy, ecotourism. Meanwhile, in China, the evaluation and study of sustainable development of ecotourism industry started lately, and are mainly from the angles of induction, conclusion and determination on the nature. Thus, we haven't done well in empirical data investigation and quantitative analysis which need to be strengthened.
Jiangxi is an underdeveloped province. Despite the economic progress it has made in the past30years, Jiangxi's GDP is still in a lower level because of the weak foundation. However, Jiangxi is located in the hinderland of our country, holding abundant natural and humanistic tourism resources. Jiangxi always takes the outlook Development is of Overriding Importance, and seizes every opportunity to enhance its economic strength, especially in recent10years. Jiangxi chooses a green way which is made wisely after analyzing the situation, looking far ahead and aiming high by the provincial party committee and government. Otherwise, the gradually improved infrastructure provides a guarantee for Jiangxi to develop ecotourism industry. The key point this thesis is going to discuss and investigate is how to make use of the advantaged ecotourism resources to construct the Jiangxi's unique ecotourism industry and developing strategy, along with the pattern to develop.
Constructing an ecotourism industry system with the features of Jiangxi is a perspective issue. The author analyzes the developing environment of world ecological tourism industry and the successful experiences of developing ecotourism industry in foreign countries. Taking Jiangxi as an research example, through investigating the resource advantages, influencing factors, and current situation, the thesis creates and quantitatively analyzes the level indicator system and patterns of sustainable development of ecotourism industry in Jiangxi. Finally, the thesis puts forward some concrete measures for the development of ecotourism industry in Jiangxi which are supposed to provide some help for its sustainable development.
This passage, consisting of four parts, illustrates the context for the study from four main aspects.
The first part is the theoretic research of ecotourism industry development. The methods of summarizing and concluding, along with reading the relevant literatures at home and abroad about the development of ecotourism industry are used here. Based on the forerunners'research outcome, the author rethinks the development of ecotourism industry. There are two chapters:(1)Chapter1:Introduction, elaborating the target and meaning of research, as well as the research trends and main modes of thought in domestic and overseas ecotourism industry;(2) Chapter2:Theoretic Foundation. Firstly, it defines the definition of ecotourism, and analyzes the constitution of ecotourism system. Then, it explains the foundation of developing ecotourism industry detailedly, mainly including ecological economics theory, synergy theory, industry bunching theory, and sustainable development theory.
The second part is the method research relevant with ecotourism industry. Different methods are used to investigate and evaluate the elements that affect the ecotourism industry development.(1)Chapter3:the Comparison of Developing Ecotourism Industry at Home and Abroad. It introduces the current developing situation and enlightenment of ecotourism in both developed and developing countries.(2) Chapter4:the Influencing Factors of Ecotourism Industry Development. It analyzes some factors that affect the development of ecotourism industry.(3) Chapter5:the Evaluation Index System and Pattern of Sustainable Development of Ecotourism Industry. It analyzes the constructing principles of evaluation index system, puts up the questionnaire of possible influencing factors of the ecotourism industry. Analytic hierarchy process is used here to choose the main influencing factors for ecotourism industry development, while panel data is development of ecotourism industry.
The third part is the empirical study of ecotourism industry development. Taking Jiangxi province as an example, the empirical study about ecotourism industry development will be carried out here. It contains two main chapters.(1) Chapter6: the Analysis of Ecotourism Industry Development in Jiangxi Province. Based on the real evidence, and the five influencing basic factors (natural environment factor, policy factor, economic factor, social factor and technical factor), it analyzes the ecotourism industry development in Jiangxi province respectively with the method of SWOT.(2) Chapter7:the Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Ecotourism Industry in Jiangxi Province. Evaluation index system and evaluation model are used to quantitatively analyze the tourism industry statistics of Jiangxi province since the Reform and opening-up and eventually comes out the evaluation result.
The fourth part is mainly about the strategy research of economic development of ecotourism industry. Chapter8:the Measures for Sustainable Development of Ecotourism Industry in Jiangxi Province. Combining the existing problems that occur during the ecotourism industry development, the thesis puts forward the measures for sustainable development of ecotourism industry in Jiangxi, including mechanism selection, pattern selection and policy guarantee.
引文
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