中国西部新农村乡野景观发展与研究
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摘要
合理的发展农村乡野景观从另一个角度看其实就是一种保护生态、继承民俗文化、美化农耕与居住环境的途径。将农村乡野景观元素组织起来,将农耕和经济问题考虑进去,构成一种风景式的区域规划无疑是具有特殊的实践意义。
我国自古以来就是一个农业大国,耕地面积广阔,拥有丰富的物质和文化景观资源。顺应西部新农村建设的发展脚步,乡野景观的重要性逐渐被人们发现并重视。然而近几个世纪以来时代背景的变化所造成的文化急速转向,工业文化带来的利益让景观的发展成为了技术和物质的奴隶,真正的人与自然的和谐并不是打造伪自然,新农村乡野景观的本质在于如何站在自然生态的角度上去合理的规划发展,最终的目的是实现人与自然的和谐共融。
乡野景观是一种拥有农业自主条件的可持续景观,它的人为干扰程度较低并且拥有粗放的乡野大地背景,同时还涵盖乡村经济、乡村文化、自然环境,是一门综合性景观。农村乡野景观合理的发展,其实就是一种民俗文化的传承、保护生态环境、美化农耕与优化居住环境的方式。本课题在西部新农村的发展趋势下,挖掘乡野景观在现阶段发展中所遇见的主要问题,主要从人口、环境、社会三方面去探讨,全面而系统的提出新农村乡野景观在目前国情下亟待被重视并正确发展的意义与方法。
Rational development of the landscape of rural countryside is another way ofprotecting ecology, inheriting rural cultrue and beautifying the farming and livingenvironment. Therefore, buidling a relationship between rural farming and economicissues and then planning a lanscape panel have a specially practical significance.
China is a large agricultural country since ancient times, which owned vast area ofcultivated land, with rich material and cultural landscape resources. Conform to thedevelopment of Chinese West New countryside, more and more people pay attention tothe importance of countryside landscape gradually. However, the rapid cultural turncaused by the background changes in recent centuries, the benefits from industrialcultural made the landscape development become of the slaves of technology andmaterial. The real harmony between man and nature is not to create pseudo-natural, andthe essence of new countryside landscape is how to plan and develop it from the naturalecology ,the ultimate aim is to achieve harmony between man and nature.
Countryside landscape is a self-sustainable agricultural landscape, its has a low levelof human interference degree and has the extensive background of the countryside , alsocovers the rural economy, rural culture, natural environment, it is a comprehensive landscape.Actually, the rational development of countryside landscape, is a kind of folkcultural heritage, methods of environment protecting and optimization the livingenvironment and farming .Under the tendency of Chinese west new countrysidelandscape development , this subject is finding the main problems of countrysidelandscape developing and explore it from the population, environment, society threeareas during this stage .We should propose a new comprehensive and systematic viewof countryside landscape in the current national conditions. Also this view is byattaching high importance and corrects development .
我国自古以来就是一个农业大国,耕地面积广阔,拥有丰富的物质和文化景观资源。顺应西部新农村建设的发展脚步,乡野景观的重要性逐渐被人们发现并重视。然而近几个世纪以来时代背景的变化所造成的文化急速转向,工业文化带来的利益让景观的发展成为了技术和物质的奴隶,真正的人与自然的和谐并不是打造伪自然,新农村乡野景观的本质在于如何站在自然生态的角度上去合理的规划发展,最终的目的是实现人与自然的和谐共融。
乡野景观是一种拥有农业自主条件的可持续景观,它的人为干扰程度较低并且拥有粗放的乡野大地背景,同时还涵盖乡村经济、乡村文化、自然环境,是一门综合性景观。农村乡野景观合理的发展,其实就是一种民俗文化的传承、保护生态环境、美化农耕与优化居住环境的方式。本课题在西部新农村的发展趋势下,挖掘乡野景观在现阶段发展中所遇见的主要问题,主要从人口、环境、社会三方面去探讨,全面而系统的提出新农村乡野景观在目前国情下亟待被重视并正确发展的意义与方法。
Rational development of the landscape of rural countryside is another way ofprotecting ecology, inheriting rural cultrue and beautifying the farming and livingenvironment. Therefore, buidling a relationship between rural farming and economicissues and then planning a lanscape panel have a specially practical significance.
China is a large agricultural country since ancient times, which owned vast area ofcultivated land, with rich material and cultural landscape resources. Conform to thedevelopment of Chinese West New countryside, more and more people pay attention tothe importance of countryside landscape gradually. However, the rapid cultural turncaused by the background changes in recent centuries, the benefits from industrialcultural made the landscape development become of the slaves of technology andmaterial. The real harmony between man and nature is not to create pseudo-natural, andthe essence of new countryside landscape is how to plan and develop it from the naturalecology ,the ultimate aim is to achieve harmony between man and nature.
Countryside landscape is a self-sustainable agricultural landscape, its has a low levelof human interference degree and has the extensive background of the countryside , alsocovers the rural economy, rural culture, natural environment, it is a comprehensive landscape.Actually, the rational development of countryside landscape, is a kind of folkcultural heritage, methods of environment protecting and optimization the livingenvironment and farming .Under the tendency of Chinese west new countrysidelandscape development , this subject is finding the main problems of countrysidelandscape developing and explore it from the population, environment, society threeareas during this stage .We should propose a new comprehensive and systematic viewof countryside landscape in the current national conditions. Also this view is byattaching high importance and corrects development .
引文
[l]魏峥.新农村建设中乡土景观保护与发展途径探讨.[M].江西社会科学,2009.11.
[2]刘萍.新农村景观规划设计研究.[D].河北农业大学,2007.
[3]常青.一号文件“城镇化”的指向——访国务院发展研究中心党组成员、农村经济研究部部长韩俊[J].人民论坛,2010(4):32-33.
[4]雷凌华.乡村聚落景观生态研究发展.[M].安徽农业科学,2007.
[5]李金苹,张玉钧,刘克峰,胡宝贵.新农村景观规划设计研究.[J].北京农学院学报.2007.
[6]刘黎明.乡村景观规划的发展历史及其在我国的发展前景[J].农村生态环境,2001,17(l):52-55.
[7]夏源.乡村旅游区景观规划设计研究.[D].西南交通大学,2003.
[8]杨洪烈.城市历史文化保护与发展[M].中国建筑巨业出版社,2006::66-78
[9]佚名.上王村新貌.[N].宝鸡研究,2009.1.11[l0]中共甘肃省委组织部.西峰区肖金镇党委[新闻].甘肃组公网,2010[l1]张晋石.乡村景观在风景园林规划与设计中的意义[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.[l2]王向荣,林著.自然的含义[J].中国园林,2007(2):6-15.
[13][英]阿伦·布兰克著.罗福午,黎钟译.园林景观构造及细部设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[14]徐忠,李静.构建新农村环境景观体系的探索[J].安徽农学通报,AnhuiAgh.sci.Bull.2000,12(7):63-64.
[15]王云才、刘滨谊.论中国乡村景观及乡村景观规划[J].中国园林,2003(l):55-58.
[16]陈威.乡村景观园林的形态构成及发展—以浙江和安徽为例[D].上海:同济大学,2006.
[17][美]约翰·O·西蒙兹著.俞孔坚,王志芳,孙鹏译.景观设计学—场地规划与设计手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[18][英]阿伦·布兰克著.罗福午,黎钟译.园林景观构造及细部设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[19]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计第2版[M].东南大学出版社,2005
[20]俞孔坚,李迪华.景观设计:专业学科与教育[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[21]王晓俊.风景园林设计[M].江西科学技术出版社，第一版，1993
[22]刘沛林.风水中国人的环境观[M].上海.三联书店，1995：42-57
[23]刘黎明.乡村景观规划[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社，2003.
[24]陆楣.现代风景园林概论[M].西安交通大学出版社，2007：3-10
[25]中国现代化战略课题研究组.中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2007——生态现代化研究[M].北京大学出版社，2007
[1]ErvinH.Zube,etc.landscape assessment——Values,perceptions and resources, Halsted press,1975.
[2]Cossgrove D.Social fomation and symbolic landscape [M].London:Groom Helm,1984.4-27.
[3]DacidMatlessLandscap and englishness[M].London:Reaktion,1999.62-106
[4]Terry C,Daniel Whither scenic beauty? Visual land-scape quality assessment in the 21thcentury[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,54(6):267-281.
[5]Liepins R. Makingman:the construction and representation of agriculture-base masculinities inAustralia and New Zealand[J].Rural Sociology,2000,65(4):605-620.
[2]刘萍.新农村景观规划设计研究.[D].河北农业大学,2007.
[3]常青.一号文件“城镇化”的指向——访国务院发展研究中心党组成员、农村经济研究部部长韩俊[J].人民论坛,2010(4):32-33.
[4]雷凌华.乡村聚落景观生态研究发展.[M].安徽农业科学,2007.
[5]李金苹,张玉钧,刘克峰,胡宝贵.新农村景观规划设计研究.[J].北京农学院学报.2007.
[6]刘黎明.乡村景观规划的发展历史及其在我国的发展前景[J].农村生态环境,2001,17(l):52-55.
[7]夏源.乡村旅游区景观规划设计研究.[D].西南交通大学,2003.
[8]杨洪烈.城市历史文化保护与发展[M].中国建筑巨业出版社,2006::66-78
[9]佚名.上王村新貌.[N].宝鸡研究,2009.1.11[l0]中共甘肃省委组织部.西峰区肖金镇党委[新闻].甘肃组公网,2010[l1]张晋石.乡村景观在风景园林规划与设计中的意义[D].北京:北京林业大学,2006.[l2]王向荣,林著.自然的含义[J].中国园林,2007(2):6-15.
[13][英]阿伦·布兰克著.罗福午,黎钟译.园林景观构造及细部设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[14]徐忠,李静.构建新农村环境景观体系的探索[J].安徽农学通报,AnhuiAgh.sci.Bull.2000,12(7):63-64.
[15]王云才、刘滨谊.论中国乡村景观及乡村景观规划[J].中国园林,2003(l):55-58.
[16]陈威.乡村景观园林的形态构成及发展—以浙江和安徽为例[D].上海:同济大学,2006.
[17][美]约翰·O·西蒙兹著.俞孔坚,王志芳,孙鹏译.景观设计学—场地规划与设计手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[18][英]阿伦·布兰克著.罗福午,黎钟译.园林景观构造及细部设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[19]刘滨谊.现代景观规划设计第2版[M].东南大学出版社,2005
[20]俞孔坚,李迪华.景观设计:专业学科与教育[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2003.
[21]王晓俊.风景园林设计[M].江西科学技术出版社，第一版，1993
[22]刘沛林.风水中国人的环境观[M].上海.三联书店，1995：42-57
[23]刘黎明.乡村景观规划[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社，2003.
[24]陆楣.现代风景园林概论[M].西安交通大学出版社，2007：3-10
[25]中国现代化战略课题研究组.中国科学院中国现代化研究中心.中国现代化报告2007——生态现代化研究[M].北京大学出版社，2007
[1]ErvinH.Zube,etc.landscape assessment——Values,perceptions and resources, Halsted press,1975.
[2]Cossgrove D.Social fomation and symbolic landscape [M].London:Groom Helm,1984.4-27.
[3]DacidMatlessLandscap and englishness[M].London:Reaktion,1999.62-106
[4]Terry C,Daniel Whither scenic beauty? Visual land-scape quality assessment in the 21thcentury[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2001,54(6):267-281.
[5]Liepins R. Makingman:the construction and representation of agriculture-base masculinities inAustralia and New Zealand[J].Rural Sociology,2000,65(4):605-620.