不结球白菜抗芜菁花叶病毒基因分子标记与遗传定位
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摘要
不结球白菜(Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino)是亚洲非常重要的蔬菜作物之一,也是我国生产面积最大的蔬菜作物。它起源于我国南方地区,有着1500年的栽培历史,全国各地有非常丰富的种质资源。不结球白菜与结球白菜有很近的亲缘关系,它们是芸苔种中最重要的两个亚种,虽然它比结球白菜的种植历史要长近千年,但不结球白菜的分子辅助选择育种研究要远远落后于结球白菜,尤其是在世界范围内。
芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)是危害不结球白菜的最重要病原菌之一,病毒侵染后使叶片皱缩,形成花叶,严重影响植物的光合作用,最好的防治方法是利用不结球白菜的自然抗性。国内外虽然已开展了芸苔属作物抗TuMV的研究工作,并已标记了部分抗性基因或QTLs,但至今仍没有关于不结球白菜抗TuMV基因的相关报道。
本研究筛选了两个对TuMV抗性差异非常明显的不结球白菜纯系,Q048为TuMV抗性品系,A168-5D为TuMV高感品系。它们的F_2分离群体被用作抗TuMV基因标记和不结球白菜遗传作图的群体。
通过对杂交亲本、F_1和F_2群体人工接种上海地区的TuMV主要株系沪1(属于TuMV的C5株系),获得各单株对TuMV的抗感数据,F_2群体中抗病单株(145)和感病单株(35)数据符合3:1的分离率(Χ~2= 2.96<Χ~2_(0.05))。利用BSA方法和AFLP标记对亲本、F_1、抗感池和建池用的F_2单株进行标记,由EaccMctt扩增的一条带符合与抗性基因连锁的要求,用此引物组合扩增180个F_2单株的DNA,第三条EaccMctt的多态性条带中有带(132)和无带(48)的数据符合3:1分离率(Χ~2= 0.27<Χ~2_(0.05)),两组数据都符合孟德尔遗传定律,证明不结球白菜抗TuMV-C5株系基因为单显性基因。利用36对AFLP引物组合扩增亲本和F_2群体,多态性标记的数据经分析作图,获得了抗TuMV基因的两端连锁标记EaccMctt3(间距为7.8cM)和EatcMcac1(间距为20.3 cM),并命名该抗性基因为TuRBCH01。
利用57对AFLP引物组合和65个SSR引物扩增亲本和F_2群体,共获得212个多态性AFLP标记和82个多态性SSR标记。依据结球白菜参照遗传图谱,用50个只有一条多态性条带的SSR标记构建了不结球白菜遗传连锁框架图谱,每个连锁群上至少有3个位点是与参照图谱一致的。把剩余的SSR标记和所有AFLP标记插入框架图谱中,共有133个AFLP标记位点和74个SSR标记位点被用在连锁图谱中。构建的10个连锁群,总长度为1123cM,标记间平均距离为5.43cM。把通过ELISA检测获得的180个F_2单株抗感TuMV的数据与不结球白菜遗传
连锁图谱中的207个位点的数据一起用作图软件分析,TuRBCH01位点被插入到连锁群R6上,位于EaccMctt 3(E36M62-3)和EatcMcac 1(E44M48-1)之间,间距分别为7.9cM和21 cM。我们初步判断TuRBCH01位于不结球白菜的第5条染色体上。
Pak-cho(iBrassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino)is a very important economical and nutritional vegetable crop in Asia and it accounts for the largest vegetable production area (30-40%) in China. It originated in China and began to grow at about 5th century AD. There are very abundant germplasm resources of pak-choi in China. Pak-choi (ssp.chinensis) and Chinese cabbage (ssp. pekinensis) are the most important crops of B. rapa and the genetic relationship between them is very close. Though the former has a longer history than the latter for several hundred years, the breeding programs for MAS of pak-choi are fewer than Chinese cabbage throughout the world.
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most important pathogens of pak-choi and causes serious losses. It can make the host plants mosaic leaves or necrosis and seriously affect plant photosynthesis. The natural plant resistance is the most effective method to control TuMV. TuMV resistance in Brassica and a number of resistance genes or QTLs have been reported around the world. But no molecular marker linked to TuMV resistance gene has been reported in pak-choi.
In this study, Q048, a TuMV-resistant lines was crossed with A168-5D, a susceptible line. The F_2 (180 individuals) population was constructed and used to screen the moleular marker linked to the TuMV resistance gene and to construct the genetic linkage map of pak-choi.
The seedlings of parents, F_1 and 180 F_2 individuals were mechanically inoculated TuMV-Hu1 (TuMV-C5). The resistance evaluation was done by ELISA kit and the data of resistant and susceptible phenotypes of F_2 population (145 resistant and 35 susceptible) were analysed by chi-square test, which is very close to the expected segregation of 3:1 with significant (Χ~2 = 2.96 <Χ~2_(0.05)). AFLP technique and BSA method were used to study the F_2 population and the parents, F_1, resistant bulk, susceptible bulk, 10 resistant and 10 susceptible F_2 individuals were screened. One of the polymorphism bands amplified by EaccMctt was scored and the ratio of 132 presents to 48 absents is very close to the expected segregation of 3:1 with significant (Χ~2 = 0.27<Χ~2_(0.05)). F_2 hybrids segregated for TuMV resistance in a 3:1 ratio is for goodness of fit the expected Mendelian model based on the action of a single dominant gene. 36 AFLP polymorphic primer combinations were employed to amplify the parents and F_2 population. The data indicated that the TuMV resistance locus was positioned between AFLP markers EaccMctt3 (7.8cM) and EatcMcac1 (20.3 cM). The resistance gene was named TuRBCH01 (TuMV resistance in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis 01).
A genetic linkage map for pak-choi was constructed using AFLP and SSR markers based on 180 F_2 individuals. It included 133 AFLP and 74 SSR markers from 57 AFLP and 65 SSR primer combinations, respectively. According to the reference genetic linkage map of Brassica rapa genome, 50 SSR markers were previously used to construct a framework map and all AFLP markers and another 24 SSR markers were inserted. The linkage map consists of 10 linkage groups with a total distance of 1223 cM and an average interval of 5.43 cM.
The data of resistant and susceptible phenotypes of 180 F_2 individuals (145 resistant and 35 susceptible) was analyzed with 207 markers in the genetic linkage map of pak-choi by MAPMAKER/EXP 3.0. We inserted TuRBCH01 locus into R6 using‘try’command and it was still positioned between EaccMctt 3 (E36M62-3) and EatcMcac 1 (E44M48-1). The interval observed between E36M62-3 and TuRBCH01 is 7.9cM, and 21cM between TuRBCH01 and E44M48-1. Though the intervals between TuRBCH01 locus and linked AFLP markers in the present linkage group are slightly larger, there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). According to the report of Kim et al. (2009), TuRBCH01 should be on chromosome 5 of pak-choi.
In this study, the TuMV-resistant gene of pak-choi was firstly detected and named. A single dominant gene was firstly proved to control TuMV-C5 resistance gene and located on the linkage group R6 in the genetic linkage map of pak-choi. We hope that our research can help to clone TuMV-resistant gene, to study the B. rapa ssp. chinensis genome and to conduct MAS in genetics and breeding.
芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV)是危害不结球白菜的最重要病原菌之一,病毒侵染后使叶片皱缩,形成花叶,严重影响植物的光合作用,最好的防治方法是利用不结球白菜的自然抗性。国内外虽然已开展了芸苔属作物抗TuMV的研究工作,并已标记了部分抗性基因或QTLs,但至今仍没有关于不结球白菜抗TuMV基因的相关报道。
本研究筛选了两个对TuMV抗性差异非常明显的不结球白菜纯系,Q048为TuMV抗性品系,A168-5D为TuMV高感品系。它们的F_2分离群体被用作抗TuMV基因标记和不结球白菜遗传作图的群体。
通过对杂交亲本、F_1和F_2群体人工接种上海地区的TuMV主要株系沪1(属于TuMV的C5株系),获得各单株对TuMV的抗感数据,F_2群体中抗病单株(145)和感病单株(35)数据符合3:1的分离率(Χ~2= 2.96<Χ~2_(0.05))。利用BSA方法和AFLP标记对亲本、F_1、抗感池和建池用的F_2单株进行标记,由EaccMctt扩增的一条带符合与抗性基因连锁的要求,用此引物组合扩增180个F_2单株的DNA,第三条EaccMctt的多态性条带中有带(132)和无带(48)的数据符合3:1分离率(Χ~2= 0.27<Χ~2_(0.05)),两组数据都符合孟德尔遗传定律,证明不结球白菜抗TuMV-C5株系基因为单显性基因。利用36对AFLP引物组合扩增亲本和F_2群体,多态性标记的数据经分析作图,获得了抗TuMV基因的两端连锁标记EaccMctt3(间距为7.8cM)和EatcMcac1(间距为20.3 cM),并命名该抗性基因为TuRBCH01。
利用57对AFLP引物组合和65个SSR引物扩增亲本和F_2群体,共获得212个多态性AFLP标记和82个多态性SSR标记。依据结球白菜参照遗传图谱,用50个只有一条多态性条带的SSR标记构建了不结球白菜遗传连锁框架图谱,每个连锁群上至少有3个位点是与参照图谱一致的。把剩余的SSR标记和所有AFLP标记插入框架图谱中,共有133个AFLP标记位点和74个SSR标记位点被用在连锁图谱中。构建的10个连锁群,总长度为1123cM,标记间平均距离为5.43cM。把通过ELISA检测获得的180个F_2单株抗感TuMV的数据与不结球白菜遗传
连锁图谱中的207个位点的数据一起用作图软件分析,TuRBCH01位点被插入到连锁群R6上,位于EaccMctt 3(E36M62-3)和EatcMcac 1(E44M48-1)之间,间距分别为7.9cM和21 cM。我们初步判断TuRBCH01位于不结球白菜的第5条染色体上。
Pak-cho(iBrassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis Makino)is a very important economical and nutritional vegetable crop in Asia and it accounts for the largest vegetable production area (30-40%) in China. It originated in China and began to grow at about 5th century AD. There are very abundant germplasm resources of pak-choi in China. Pak-choi (ssp.chinensis) and Chinese cabbage (ssp. pekinensis) are the most important crops of B. rapa and the genetic relationship between them is very close. Though the former has a longer history than the latter for several hundred years, the breeding programs for MAS of pak-choi are fewer than Chinese cabbage throughout the world.
Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most important pathogens of pak-choi and causes serious losses. It can make the host plants mosaic leaves or necrosis and seriously affect plant photosynthesis. The natural plant resistance is the most effective method to control TuMV. TuMV resistance in Brassica and a number of resistance genes or QTLs have been reported around the world. But no molecular marker linked to TuMV resistance gene has been reported in pak-choi.
In this study, Q048, a TuMV-resistant lines was crossed with A168-5D, a susceptible line. The F_2 (180 individuals) population was constructed and used to screen the moleular marker linked to the TuMV resistance gene and to construct the genetic linkage map of pak-choi.
The seedlings of parents, F_1 and 180 F_2 individuals were mechanically inoculated TuMV-Hu1 (TuMV-C5). The resistance evaluation was done by ELISA kit and the data of resistant and susceptible phenotypes of F_2 population (145 resistant and 35 susceptible) were analysed by chi-square test, which is very close to the expected segregation of 3:1 with significant (Χ~2 = 2.96 <Χ~2_(0.05)). AFLP technique and BSA method were used to study the F_2 population and the parents, F_1, resistant bulk, susceptible bulk, 10 resistant and 10 susceptible F_2 individuals were screened. One of the polymorphism bands amplified by EaccMctt was scored and the ratio of 132 presents to 48 absents is very close to the expected segregation of 3:1 with significant (Χ~2 = 0.27<Χ~2_(0.05)). F_2 hybrids segregated for TuMV resistance in a 3:1 ratio is for goodness of fit the expected Mendelian model based on the action of a single dominant gene. 36 AFLP polymorphic primer combinations were employed to amplify the parents and F_2 population. The data indicated that the TuMV resistance locus was positioned between AFLP markers EaccMctt3 (7.8cM) and EatcMcac1 (20.3 cM). The resistance gene was named TuRBCH01 (TuMV resistance in Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis 01).
A genetic linkage map for pak-choi was constructed using AFLP and SSR markers based on 180 F_2 individuals. It included 133 AFLP and 74 SSR markers from 57 AFLP and 65 SSR primer combinations, respectively. According to the reference genetic linkage map of Brassica rapa genome, 50 SSR markers were previously used to construct a framework map and all AFLP markers and another 24 SSR markers were inserted. The linkage map consists of 10 linkage groups with a total distance of 1223 cM and an average interval of 5.43 cM.
The data of resistant and susceptible phenotypes of 180 F_2 individuals (145 resistant and 35 susceptible) was analyzed with 207 markers in the genetic linkage map of pak-choi by MAPMAKER/EXP 3.0. We inserted TuRBCH01 locus into R6 using‘try’command and it was still positioned between EaccMctt 3 (E36M62-3) and EatcMcac 1 (E44M48-1). The interval observed between E36M62-3 and TuRBCH01 is 7.9cM, and 21cM between TuRBCH01 and E44M48-1. Though the intervals between TuRBCH01 locus and linked AFLP markers in the present linkage group are slightly larger, there was no significant difference between them (P>0.05). According to the report of Kim et al. (2009), TuRBCH01 should be on chromosome 5 of pak-choi.
In this study, the TuMV-resistant gene of pak-choi was firstly detected and named. A single dominant gene was firstly proved to control TuMV-C5 resistance gene and located on the linkage group R6 in the genetic linkage map of pak-choi. We hope that our research can help to clone TuMV-resistant gene, to study the B. rapa ssp. chinensis genome and to conduct MAS in genetics and breeding.
引文
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