中子监测仪的开发与研制
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摘要
论述了中子监测仪中的信号采集电路、液晶显示器的使用、可编程器件以及单片机控制电路的工作原理和特点。
中子监测仪用来监测中子发生器是否工作于稳定状态，以便现场的工作人员能够对中子发生器进行合适的调整，使其正常工作。目前，国内虽有厂家生产，但设备过于笨重，不适合野外操作。为此自行设计研发出了中子监测仪，很好地满足了科研和应用的需要。
该中子监测仪引入了液晶显示器进行显示。液晶显示器相对于数码管体积小，并且驱动电路与液晶屏集成到一起，不必再设计驱动电路。只要通过数据线和控制线对指定的寄存器进行操作即可对想要显示的数据进行显示，开发起来很容易。
在中子监测仪的设计过程中引入了可编程器件。可编程器件是近年来迅速发展起来的一种元件，其集成度越来越高，由最先的PLD几十门发展到现在的FPGA上万门、甚至上百万门。而且由于电路可以集成到一个芯片内，电路工作更加稳定，运行速度更快。在中子监测仪的设计中，由于部分电路集成到同一个芯片内，使得中子监测仪工作性能大大提高，同时电路板的面积也大大减小。
中子监测仪的控制部件采用了单片机。单片机是系统的控制中枢，通过单片机来实现对系统的液晶显示器、可编程器件、键盘以及与计算机通讯的控制，使得整个系统能够协调、通畅的工作。
The working principles and characteristics of signal collection circuit, liquid-crystal display (LCD), programmable logic device and MCU controlling circuit of neutron monitor device are discussed.
Neutron monitor device monitors whether the neutron generator is working in stable state, so that the workers on the spot can adjust neutron generator appropriately for working in order. However, neutron monitor device at present is not portable for working at outdoors . For the need of monitoring the neutron generator, a kind of neutron monitor device is designed and developed, which is very suitable for our application and scientific searching.
This neutron monitor device introduces LCD for displaying data. In comparison with LED (Light Emitting Diode), LCD's capacity is smaller. Moreover, with integration of drive circuit and liquid-crystal screen, the user need not design another circuit for drive. LCD will display wanted data by writing data to specified instruction register and specified data register through control bus and data bus, which makes operation easier.
Programmable logic device is introduced into this design of neutron monitor device. Programmable logic device is a new developing chip. Its integration is very more and more high from less than 100 gates to more than 10000 gates, and FPGA (Field Programmable Gates) even more than a million gates. The circuit can be programmed into a chip, which makes the circuit work faster and more stable. In the design of neutron monitor device, a part of circuit is programmed into a chip, which improves the performance of neutron monitor device and reduces the area of PCB greatly.
Neutron monitor device uses MCU (Micro Control Unit) as the control unit. MCU is the control center, and it controls LCD , programmable logic device, keyboard and communication with computer. It makes this system work harmony and fluently.
中子监测仪用来监测中子发生器是否工作于稳定状态，以便现场的工作人员能够对中子发生器进行合适的调整，使其正常工作。目前，国内虽有厂家生产，但设备过于笨重，不适合野外操作。为此自行设计研发出了中子监测仪，很好地满足了科研和应用的需要。
该中子监测仪引入了液晶显示器进行显示。液晶显示器相对于数码管体积小，并且驱动电路与液晶屏集成到一起，不必再设计驱动电路。只要通过数据线和控制线对指定的寄存器进行操作即可对想要显示的数据进行显示，开发起来很容易。
在中子监测仪的设计过程中引入了可编程器件。可编程器件是近年来迅速发展起来的一种元件，其集成度越来越高，由最先的PLD几十门发展到现在的FPGA上万门、甚至上百万门。而且由于电路可以集成到一个芯片内，电路工作更加稳定，运行速度更快。在中子监测仪的设计中，由于部分电路集成到同一个芯片内，使得中子监测仪工作性能大大提高，同时电路板的面积也大大减小。
中子监测仪的控制部件采用了单片机。单片机是系统的控制中枢，通过单片机来实现对系统的液晶显示器、可编程器件、键盘以及与计算机通讯的控制，使得整个系统能够协调、通畅的工作。
The working principles and characteristics of signal collection circuit, liquid-crystal display (LCD), programmable logic device and MCU controlling circuit of neutron monitor device are discussed.
Neutron monitor device monitors whether the neutron generator is working in stable state, so that the workers on the spot can adjust neutron generator appropriately for working in order. However, neutron monitor device at present is not portable for working at outdoors . For the need of monitoring the neutron generator, a kind of neutron monitor device is designed and developed, which is very suitable for our application and scientific searching.
This neutron monitor device introduces LCD for displaying data. In comparison with LED (Light Emitting Diode), LCD's capacity is smaller. Moreover, with integration of drive circuit and liquid-crystal screen, the user need not design another circuit for drive. LCD will display wanted data by writing data to specified instruction register and specified data register through control bus and data bus, which makes operation easier.
Programmable logic device is introduced into this design of neutron monitor device. Programmable logic device is a new developing chip. Its integration is very more and more high from less than 100 gates to more than 10000 gates, and FPGA (Field Programmable Gates) even more than a million gates. The circuit can be programmed into a chip, which makes the circuit work faster and more stable. In the design of neutron monitor device, a part of circuit is programmed into a chip, which improves the performance of neutron monitor device and reduces the area of PCB greatly.
Neutron monitor device uses MCU (Micro Control Unit) as the control unit. MCU is the control center, and it controls LCD , programmable logic device, keyboard and communication with computer. It makes this system work harmony and fluently.
引文
[1]李华著《MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
[2]何立民著《单片机应用技术选编(2)》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
[3]徐爱均 彭秀华著 《单片机高级语言C51应用程序设计》，电子工业出版社，1998．6
[4]吴秀清 周荷琴著 《微型计算机原理与接口技术》，中国科技大学出版社，1996．3
[5]李广军 王厚军著 《实用接口技术》，电子科技大学出版社，1997．10
[6]肖培林著 《用C语言开发51系列单片机高效代码》，电子技术应用，1996．3
[7]周航慈著《单片机应用程序设计技术》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1991，8
[8]邹逢兴著《计算机硬件技术及应用》，国防科技大学出版社，1996
[9]齐怀印著《高级逻辑器件与设计》，电子工业出版社，1996
[10]王士元著 《C高级实用程序设计》，清华大学出版社，1996．1
[11]曾繁泰 陈美金著《VHDL程序设计》，清华大学出版社，2001．1
[12]陈雪松 腾立中著《VHDL入门与应用》，人民邮电出版社，2000．10
[13]孟宪元著《可编成ASIC集成数字系统》，电子工业出版社，1998
[14]李国成著《中大规模数字集成电路原理与应用电路》，成都科技大学出版社，1991
[15]David R. coelho. The VHDL Handbook. Boston: Vantage Analysis. inc 1993
[16]I. BHASKER. A Guide to VHDL Syntax Based on the now IEEE std1076_1993. AT&T Bell laboratories. Allentown. PA semiconductor
[2]何立民著《单片机应用技术选编(2)》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1996
[3]徐爱均 彭秀华著 《单片机高级语言C51应用程序设计》，电子工业出版社，1998．6
[4]吴秀清 周荷琴著 《微型计算机原理与接口技术》，中国科技大学出版社，1996．3
[5]李广军 王厚军著 《实用接口技术》，电子科技大学出版社，1997．10
[6]肖培林著 《用C语言开发51系列单片机高效代码》，电子技术应用，1996．3
[7]周航慈著《单片机应用程序设计技术》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1991，8
[8]邹逢兴著《计算机硬件技术及应用》，国防科技大学出版社，1996
[9]齐怀印著《高级逻辑器件与设计》，电子工业出版社，1996
[10]王士元著 《C高级实用程序设计》，清华大学出版社，1996．1
[11]曾繁泰 陈美金著《VHDL程序设计》，清华大学出版社，2001．1
[12]陈雪松 腾立中著《VHDL入门与应用》，人民邮电出版社，2000．10
[13]孟宪元著《可编成ASIC集成数字系统》，电子工业出版社，1998
[14]李国成著《中大规模数字集成电路原理与应用电路》，成都科技大学出版社，1991
[15]David R. coelho. The VHDL Handbook. Boston: Vantage Analysis. inc 1993
[16]I. BHASKER. A Guide to VHDL Syntax Based on the now IEEE std1076_1993. AT&T Bell laboratories. Allentown. PA semiconductor
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