基于PC的开放式数控系统的研究与开发
摘要
计算机数控(CNC)是先进制造技术的基础，以往数控系统多是专用的，定型后不易升级；如今的PC机功能强大，具有开放性特点。因此，基于PC机的新一代数控系统是CNC系统发展的趋势。但目前国内尚无成形的同类产品问世。本文通过对国内外数控系统进行研究，分析比较了几种数控体系结构，提出了PC+控制卡的数控系统组成方式，并系统的研究、开发了运动控制卡。
本文按照结构化的设计方法，把复杂的数字控制系统分成几个相对简单且独立的子系统，并分别设计相对应的硬件电路，在此过程中较详细的讨论了提高空间位置分辨率的方法，并提出实用的电路设计。接着又讨论了计算机数控系统的控制策略，主要包括：知道预定轨迹的直线与圆弧插补的方法、连续扫描系统的控制策略、PID调节器的设计及PID参数的整定方法等。在上面讨论的基础上提出了软件的分层设计思路，在这一部分详细的讨论了在win95／98／2000平台上利用设备驱动程序对底层硬件管理的具体实现途径，解决了在win32下CNC系统中最重要的定时插补与数据采样等问题，然后在此基础上编写了函数库，供给第三方使用。并讨论了数据处理计算机与控制计算机的通讯方法。最后从硬件的抗干扰方面分析了硬件设计时应注意的问题。从而完成了整个控制系统的设计。最后借助Protel软件包以及VC++，DriverStudio开发环境完成了控制器的调试。
The computerized numerical control (CNC) is the basis of advanced manufacture technology. In past, most numerical systems were used specially. When they were finalized the design,it was not easy to update. In the view of the strong function and opening character of today' s PC, a new ero numerical control system based on PC is the trend of development of CNC system.
Through the research of open architecture numerical control system(ONC) at home and abroad, this thesis analysis and contrasts several open modes and system structures of several ONC. An PC+ Motion Control Card based on ONC is proposed. At the same time, this thesis systematically studies and develops the motion control card.
According to the structure designing method, the complex motion control card system is broken down into the sub-system which is functionally independent, and the hardware circuit is designed for each sub-system. In this process, the thesis discusses detailedly the method which can
Improve the resolving power in measuring component and can deal with the probe circuit, and puts forward the design method of applied circuit. Then the thesis discusses the methods of line and circle interpretation. Based on the methods of hardware circuit and line ro circle interpretation, a software layered idea is proposed. In this section, the thesis discusses detailedly the realization routing which managers the bottom hardware using the Virtual
device driver on the flat of Win95/98/2000. By this way, some probrem , such as time interpretation and data sampling, can be settled in the CNC sytem of Win32. Then function library based above ways is presented to provide to third party use. The thesis also discuss the communication method on the host and slave machine. Finally, some probrem .which should be payed attention to when hardware designing are already analysed in view of hardware anti-disturbance. Accordingly, the whole motion control system is completed. Meanwhile, using Protel , VC++ and DriverStudio developing envirement, the developed motion control card has been debugged.
本文按照结构化的设计方法，把复杂的数字控制系统分成几个相对简单且独立的子系统，并分别设计相对应的硬件电路，在此过程中较详细的讨论了提高空间位置分辨率的方法，并提出实用的电路设计。接着又讨论了计算机数控系统的控制策略，主要包括：知道预定轨迹的直线与圆弧插补的方法、连续扫描系统的控制策略、PID调节器的设计及PID参数的整定方法等。在上面讨论的基础上提出了软件的分层设计思路，在这一部分详细的讨论了在win95／98／2000平台上利用设备驱动程序对底层硬件管理的具体实现途径，解决了在win32下CNC系统中最重要的定时插补与数据采样等问题，然后在此基础上编写了函数库，供给第三方使用。并讨论了数据处理计算机与控制计算机的通讯方法。最后从硬件的抗干扰方面分析了硬件设计时应注意的问题。从而完成了整个控制系统的设计。最后借助Protel软件包以及VC++，DriverStudio开发环境完成了控制器的调试。
The computerized numerical control (CNC) is the basis of advanced manufacture technology. In past, most numerical systems were used specially. When they were finalized the design,it was not easy to update. In the view of the strong function and opening character of today' s PC, a new ero numerical control system based on PC is the trend of development of CNC system.
Through the research of open architecture numerical control system(ONC) at home and abroad, this thesis analysis and contrasts several open modes and system structures of several ONC. An PC+ Motion Control Card based on ONC is proposed. At the same time, this thesis systematically studies and develops the motion control card.
According to the structure designing method, the complex motion control card system is broken down into the sub-system which is functionally independent, and the hardware circuit is designed for each sub-system. In this process, the thesis discusses detailedly the method which can
Improve the resolving power in measuring component and can deal with the probe circuit, and puts forward the design method of applied circuit. Then the thesis discusses the methods of line and circle interpretation. Based on the methods of hardware circuit and line ro circle interpretation, a software layered idea is proposed. In this section, the thesis discusses detailedly the realization routing which managers the bottom hardware using the Virtual
device driver on the flat of Win95/98/2000. By this way, some probrem , such as time interpretation and data sampling, can be settled in the CNC sytem of Win32. Then function library based above ways is presented to provide to third party use. The thesis also discuss the communication method on the host and slave machine. Finally, some probrem .which should be payed attention to when hardware designing are already analysed in view of hardware anti-disturbance. Accordingly, the whole motion control system is completed. Meanwhile, using Protel , VC++ and DriverStudio developing envirement, the developed motion control card has been debugged.
引文
[1]廖效果，朱启逑编著，《数字控制机床》，1998年，华中理工大学出版社
[2]陈维山，赵杰编著，《机电系统计算机控制》，1999，哈尔滨工业大学出版社
[3]孙迪升，王炎编著，《机器人控制技术》，1997，机械工业出版社
[4]何克忠，李伟编著，《计算机控制系统》，1998，清华大学出版社
[5]冯勇等编著，《现代计算机数控系统》，1996，机械工业出版社
[6]于海生等著，《微型计算机控制技术》，1998，清华大学出版社
[7]任玉田，焦振田，王宏普著，《机床计算机数控技术》，1996，北京理工大学出版社
[8]黄大贵著，《微机数控系统》，1996，电子科技大学出版社
[9]谢剑英，贾青编著，《微型计算机控制技术》(第3版)，2001，国防工业出版社
[10]张国峰编著，《面向对象的程序设计与C++教程》，1995，电子工业出版社
[11]陶永华，尹怡欣，葛芦生主编著，《新型PID控制及其应用》，1998，机械工业出版社
[12]刘乐善，叶济忠编著，《微型计算机接口技术及应用》，1993，华中理工大学出版社
[13]李秀明，吴明等著，《Windows中断程序设计》，1996，中国计算机世界出版社
[14]杨强，李堂秋编著，《WIN9X虚拟设备驱动程序编程指南》，1999，清华大学出版社
[15]武安河，周利莉编著，《Windows设备驱动程序(VXD与WDM)开发实务》，2001，电子工业出版社
[16]彭礼孝编著，《虚拟设备驱动程序开发起步与进阶》，2000，人民邮电出版社
[17](美)Chris Cant著，孙义，马莉波，国雪飞等译，《Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南》，2000，机械工业出版社
[18]张国雄主编，《三坐标测量机》，1999，天津大学出版社
[19]《精密仪器电路》，西安理工大学翻印
[20]童诗白，《模拟电子技术》，1998，高等教育出版社
[21]刘滨 编著，《C++Builder 5高级编程实例精解》，2001，国防工业出版社
[22]Jim Beveridge & Robert Wiener著，侯捷译，《Win32多线程程序设计》，2002，华中科技出版社
[23]Heubaum K.Windows 95 Interrupt Latency.Sterling Informationn Group,Verio White Paper,1995
[24]V. loskutov,Mathematical Control Machines,Peace Publishers
[25]Tonyl. Hansen, The C++ Answer book,AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories,Incorperated,1993
[26]Per Brinch Hansen,Operating System Principles,1990
[27]David R.Shirdiff,Remote-Controlled Robot,TAB BOOKS, Inc.1992
[28]J.C.Sportt,Introduction to Modern Electronics,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1988
[29]E.Teicholz, J.N.Orr,Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Handbook,McGraw-Hill Book Company,1987
[2]陈维山，赵杰编著，《机电系统计算机控制》，1999，哈尔滨工业大学出版社
[3]孙迪升，王炎编著，《机器人控制技术》，1997，机械工业出版社
[4]何克忠，李伟编著，《计算机控制系统》，1998，清华大学出版社
[5]冯勇等编著，《现代计算机数控系统》，1996，机械工业出版社
[6]于海生等著，《微型计算机控制技术》，1998，清华大学出版社
[7]任玉田，焦振田，王宏普著，《机床计算机数控技术》，1996，北京理工大学出版社
[8]黄大贵著，《微机数控系统》，1996，电子科技大学出版社
[9]谢剑英，贾青编著，《微型计算机控制技术》(第3版)，2001，国防工业出版社
[10]张国峰编著，《面向对象的程序设计与C++教程》，1995，电子工业出版社
[11]陶永华，尹怡欣，葛芦生主编著，《新型PID控制及其应用》，1998，机械工业出版社
[12]刘乐善，叶济忠编著，《微型计算机接口技术及应用》，1993，华中理工大学出版社
[13]李秀明，吴明等著，《Windows中断程序设计》，1996，中国计算机世界出版社
[14]杨强，李堂秋编著，《WIN9X虚拟设备驱动程序编程指南》，1999，清华大学出版社
[15]武安河，周利莉编著，《Windows设备驱动程序(VXD与WDM)开发实务》，2001，电子工业出版社
[16]彭礼孝编著，《虚拟设备驱动程序开发起步与进阶》，2000，人民邮电出版社
[17](美)Chris Cant著，孙义，马莉波，国雪飞等译，《Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南》，2000，机械工业出版社
[18]张国雄主编，《三坐标测量机》，1999，天津大学出版社
[19]《精密仪器电路》，西安理工大学翻印
[20]童诗白，《模拟电子技术》，1998，高等教育出版社
[21]刘滨 编著，《C++Builder 5高级编程实例精解》，2001，国防工业出版社
[22]Jim Beveridge & Robert Wiener著，侯捷译，《Win32多线程程序设计》，2002，华中科技出版社
[23]Heubaum K.Windows 95 Interrupt Latency.Sterling Informationn Group,Verio White Paper,1995
[24]V. loskutov,Mathematical Control Machines,Peace Publishers
[25]Tonyl. Hansen, The C++ Answer book,AT&T Bell Telephone Laboratories,Incorperated,1993
[26]Per Brinch Hansen,Operating System Principles,1990
[27]David R.Shirdiff,Remote-Controlled Robot,TAB BOOKS, Inc.1992
[28]J.C.Sportt,Introduction to Modern Electronics,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.1988
[29]E.Teicholz, J.N.Orr,Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Handbook,McGraw-Hill Book Company,1987
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |