面向智能电网的通信中间件的关键技术研究
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摘要
随着不可再生能源逐渐的减少、环境污染的加重以及互联电网灾难性事故的频发,可再生能源等分布式发电资源数量不断增加,大量的可再生能源和智能电力设备被并入电网,同时电网与电力市场、客户之间的关系越来越紧密,客户对电能质量的要求逐步提高。大量分布式系统的接入使整个网络系统变得十分复杂,并且对实时性要求较高,使得“在正确的时间、正确的地点获得正确的数据(3R)”成为一个很大的挑战,传统的电力通信网络已经难以满足这些发展要求。智能变电站作为现代电力系统及未来智能电网的重要组成部分,有着承上启下的枢纽作用。在智能变电站系统中,以处理数据为中心的分布式应用占有非常大的比重,数据通信服务的有效性直接影响着系统功能的实现。变电站通信标准IEC61850定义了共同的抽象通信服务接口(abstract communication service interface, ACSI),但它只是一个抽象的接口,没有定义任何实际的发送和接收数据的应用层协议,以至于不同的具体实现之间互操作困难,这违背了IEC61850标准的制订初衷。因此,从ACSI到一个具体的通信栈的映射成为研究热点。
针对上述智能电网通信建设面临的结构复杂、实时性要求高以及互操作性差的问题,本文通过对面向智能电网的通信中间件技术展开深入研究,提出了采用基于数据分发服务的面向智能电网的通信中间件技术,解决了电网控制和管理中分布式发电并网、电网的信息全局共享和电网信息全面综合利用所面临的通信技术问题。结合智能电网的特点,建立了以数据为中心的面向智能电网的实时数据交换体系,其目的是满足智能电网建设过程中智能变电站、智能微电网和主动配电网存在的通信新需求,提高电网的智能性、可靠性与自适应性,促进智能电网的建设和扩充。
本文的主要内容及贡献有以下几点：
(1)提出了一种在智能变电站通信中采用完全的发布／订阅的数据交换模式,解决了传统变电站通信架构中存在的紧耦合问题。
发布/订阅通信结构是一个或多个数据源(即发布者)向一个或多个接收者(即订阅者)发送数据的一种最佳解决方案,可以使各个分布式系统较好的在同一个网络中互联和共享数据。在构建智能变电站系统通信中采用完全发布订阅的数据交换模式,克服了传统变电站通信中采用的C/S模式或C/S模式与发布/订阅相结合的数据交换模式中存在的紧耦合问题。
(2)提出了一种面向服务的以数据为中心的数字变电站IEC61850通信映射模型,解决了传统映射方法中数据结构不能一一对应问题和面向对象编程导致的紧耦合问题。
通信标准IEC61850定义的抽象通信服务接口ACSI,必须采用一定的通信服务映射方法将抽象的通信服务、对象和参数映射到具体的当前已经成熟的国际通信标准才能得以实施。本论文提出了一种面向服务的以数据为中心的数字变电站IEC61850通信映射模型,该模型以IEC61850的通信服务交换机制为基础,采用数据分发服务(data distribution service,DDS)作为具体应用层通信协议,通过三层结构来映射抽象通信服务接口,克服了传统制造报文规范映射IEC61850存在的不能一一对应的问题；同时,完全的以数据为中心的发布/订阅的数据交换模式,克服了传统GOOSE、CORBA-TAO等以面向对象为核心的通信机制映射IEC61850过程中存在的紧耦合问题。为DDS到工程应用领域专有通信协议映射的提供了理论支持。
(3)提出了一种基于DDS中间件技术的快速、规范实现IEC61850映射的方法,简化了映射实现过程中底层通信映射的复杂性。
该方法采用中间件技术屏蔽底层操作系统和底层通信网络映射的编程复杂性,开发人员只需面对简单而统一的开发环境,将注意力集中在电力的业务上,不必再为服务单元在不同系统平台上的移植而重复工作,从而大大减少了技术上的负担。有效弥补了专业电力系统工程师的通信知识和软件编程知识不足,简化映射实现过程中底层通信映射的复杂性,规范的实现步骤降低出错概率,提高效率。
(4)提出了将DDS映射IEC61850的抽象通信服务接口的方法拓展到智能微网通信和主动配电网通信。
针对智能微网和主动配电网的结构特点和数据通信特点,设计了基于DDS/IEC61850的智能微电网和主动配电网通信映射模型。智能电网因间歇式分布发电和智能设备并网带来的通信新需求,通过对网络通信架构的分析,得出采用完全的发布/订阅通信结构是分布式发电通信问题的最佳解决方案。针对将形式多样的传统电力调度生产系统向智能电力调度系统过渡的需求,最大限度的整合原有系统,充分结合DDS/IEC61850的特点,在实时可靠通信基础上探索面向服务的智能电网调度系统架构的解决方案。设计实现面向智能电网的实时数据通信仿真平台,验证了在构建智能电网通信应用过程中采用DDS映射IEC61850可行性和可靠性。DDS映射IEC61850的方法在微电网和主动配电网的拓展应用,更大范围内实现了接口统一,增强设备间的互操作性。
With the gradual reduction of non-renewable resources, the aggravation of environment pollution and the more and more frequent happening of catastrophic accidents in an interconnected power network, renewable energy sources and other distributed generation resources are becoming more and more widely used and a lot of renewable energy and intelligent power devices are incorporated into the power grid. In addition, the relationship between power network and power market becomes closer and closer, and customers'requirements on the quality of power are also gradually increased. The integration of a large number of distributed systems makes the entire network system very complicated which requires a high level of real-time system, thus "obtaining the right data in the right place at the right time (3R)" becomes a very big challenge and the traditional power network is not enough to meet the requirements of these developments. As an essential part of modern power systems and future smart grids, intelligent substation, plays an important role in the entire system. Distributed applications, which mainly concentrate on data processing, are very important in an intelligent substation system. The efficiency of data communication service directly affects the realization of system functions. The substation communication standard IEC61850defines the abstract communication service interface (ACSI) and provides a set of universal communication function, but it is just an abstract interface, without the realization of any application layer protocol that defines sending and receiving data. Therefore, the mapping from ACSI to a specific communication stack becomes a research hotspot.
As discussed above, there are several difficulties existed in the developing of the smart gird communication, such as complex structure, critical requirement of real-time, and weak inter operation capability. To deal with these challenges, this dissertation has developed a new smart grid communication middleware technology based on data distribution service, and proposed a solution for the communication interface for the integration of distributed generation, information sharing and management of a power grid.. A data-centric, real-time data exchange framework has been established, which is designed to meet the new communication demand of intelligent substation, intelligent micro-grid and active distribution network in the development of the modern smart grid, which aims to improve the intelligence, reliability and adaptability of power grid, and promote the construction and expansion of smart grid.
The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as follows:
(1) Propose a fully publish/subscribe-based data exchange model for smart substation communication to solve the closed coupled problems existed in the traditional substation communication framework. Publish/subscribe communication structure is one of the best solutions for data exchange between one or more data sources (i.e. the publisher) and one or more receivers (i.e. the subscriber), which makes each component in a distributed system has a better interconnection and data share within the network. The adoption of publish/subscribe based data exchange model can overcome the closely coupling characteristics of the Client/Server (C/S) mode or the combination of C/S and publish/subscribe mode used in traditional substation communication.
(2) Development of a service-oriented and data centric communication mapping model for the implementation of IEC61850for digital substation and solve the one to one mapping problem of the conventional mapping and the closed coupling of the object oriented program. The abstract communication service interface (ACSI) defined by IEC61850communication standard must be mapped by using the special communication service mapping methods to map the abstract communication services, objects and parameters to the current mature international communication standard for realization. This dissertation proposes an object-oriented and data-centric data mapping model for the IEC61850used in digital substation, based on publish/subscribe and data distribution service (DDS), which solves the problems of GOOSE, CORBA-TAO implementation.
(3) Implement a fast-prototype, standard realization method for mapping IEC61850to a special communication network and avoid the low-level complexity of communication networks and to simplify the communication mapping process. The middleware technology can shield the operation system and underlying communication programming, effectively help the professional power system engineers who lack of communication knowledge and software programming skills, and thus simplify the implementation complexity of the underlying communication mapping process and finally reduce the implementation error.
(4) Extending the DDS based mapping of IEC61850protocol to communication of smart micro grid and active distribution network According to the new communication requirements of smart grid caused by intermittent distributed generation and smart grid equipment, and the analysis of the network communication architecture, publish/subscribe mode is found to be one of the best solutions. A real time data communication simulation platform for smart micro grid is designed, and the reliability and feasibility of the proposed model is validated. The extension application of the DDS mapping IEC61850method in intelligent micro-grid and active distribution network makes the uniform interface in wider range and enhances the interoperability.
针对上述智能电网通信建设面临的结构复杂、实时性要求高以及互操作性差的问题,本文通过对面向智能电网的通信中间件技术展开深入研究,提出了采用基于数据分发服务的面向智能电网的通信中间件技术,解决了电网控制和管理中分布式发电并网、电网的信息全局共享和电网信息全面综合利用所面临的通信技术问题。结合智能电网的特点,建立了以数据为中心的面向智能电网的实时数据交换体系,其目的是满足智能电网建设过程中智能变电站、智能微电网和主动配电网存在的通信新需求,提高电网的智能性、可靠性与自适应性,促进智能电网的建设和扩充。
本文的主要内容及贡献有以下几点：
(1)提出了一种在智能变电站通信中采用完全的发布／订阅的数据交换模式,解决了传统变电站通信架构中存在的紧耦合问题。
发布/订阅通信结构是一个或多个数据源(即发布者)向一个或多个接收者(即订阅者)发送数据的一种最佳解决方案,可以使各个分布式系统较好的在同一个网络中互联和共享数据。在构建智能变电站系统通信中采用完全发布订阅的数据交换模式,克服了传统变电站通信中采用的C/S模式或C/S模式与发布/订阅相结合的数据交换模式中存在的紧耦合问题。
(2)提出了一种面向服务的以数据为中心的数字变电站IEC61850通信映射模型,解决了传统映射方法中数据结构不能一一对应问题和面向对象编程导致的紧耦合问题。
通信标准IEC61850定义的抽象通信服务接口ACSI,必须采用一定的通信服务映射方法将抽象的通信服务、对象和参数映射到具体的当前已经成熟的国际通信标准才能得以实施。本论文提出了一种面向服务的以数据为中心的数字变电站IEC61850通信映射模型,该模型以IEC61850的通信服务交换机制为基础,采用数据分发服务(data distribution service,DDS)作为具体应用层通信协议,通过三层结构来映射抽象通信服务接口,克服了传统制造报文规范映射IEC61850存在的不能一一对应的问题；同时,完全的以数据为中心的发布/订阅的数据交换模式,克服了传统GOOSE、CORBA-TAO等以面向对象为核心的通信机制映射IEC61850过程中存在的紧耦合问题。为DDS到工程应用领域专有通信协议映射的提供了理论支持。
(3)提出了一种基于DDS中间件技术的快速、规范实现IEC61850映射的方法,简化了映射实现过程中底层通信映射的复杂性。
该方法采用中间件技术屏蔽底层操作系统和底层通信网络映射的编程复杂性,开发人员只需面对简单而统一的开发环境,将注意力集中在电力的业务上,不必再为服务单元在不同系统平台上的移植而重复工作,从而大大减少了技术上的负担。有效弥补了专业电力系统工程师的通信知识和软件编程知识不足,简化映射实现过程中底层通信映射的复杂性,规范的实现步骤降低出错概率,提高效率。
(4)提出了将DDS映射IEC61850的抽象通信服务接口的方法拓展到智能微网通信和主动配电网通信。
针对智能微网和主动配电网的结构特点和数据通信特点,设计了基于DDS/IEC61850的智能微电网和主动配电网通信映射模型。智能电网因间歇式分布发电和智能设备并网带来的通信新需求,通过对网络通信架构的分析,得出采用完全的发布/订阅通信结构是分布式发电通信问题的最佳解决方案。针对将形式多样的传统电力调度生产系统向智能电力调度系统过渡的需求,最大限度的整合原有系统,充分结合DDS/IEC61850的特点,在实时可靠通信基础上探索面向服务的智能电网调度系统架构的解决方案。设计实现面向智能电网的实时数据通信仿真平台,验证了在构建智能电网通信应用过程中采用DDS映射IEC61850可行性和可靠性。DDS映射IEC61850的方法在微电网和主动配电网的拓展应用,更大范围内实现了接口统一,增强设备间的互操作性。
With the gradual reduction of non-renewable resources, the aggravation of environment pollution and the more and more frequent happening of catastrophic accidents in an interconnected power network, renewable energy sources and other distributed generation resources are becoming more and more widely used and a lot of renewable energy and intelligent power devices are incorporated into the power grid. In addition, the relationship between power network and power market becomes closer and closer, and customers'requirements on the quality of power are also gradually increased. The integration of a large number of distributed systems makes the entire network system very complicated which requires a high level of real-time system, thus "obtaining the right data in the right place at the right time (3R)" becomes a very big challenge and the traditional power network is not enough to meet the requirements of these developments. As an essential part of modern power systems and future smart grids, intelligent substation, plays an important role in the entire system. Distributed applications, which mainly concentrate on data processing, are very important in an intelligent substation system. The efficiency of data communication service directly affects the realization of system functions. The substation communication standard IEC61850defines the abstract communication service interface (ACSI) and provides a set of universal communication function, but it is just an abstract interface, without the realization of any application layer protocol that defines sending and receiving data. Therefore, the mapping from ACSI to a specific communication stack becomes a research hotspot.
As discussed above, there are several difficulties existed in the developing of the smart gird communication, such as complex structure, critical requirement of real-time, and weak inter operation capability. To deal with these challenges, this dissertation has developed a new smart grid communication middleware technology based on data distribution service, and proposed a solution for the communication interface for the integration of distributed generation, information sharing and management of a power grid.. A data-centric, real-time data exchange framework has been established, which is designed to meet the new communication demand of intelligent substation, intelligent micro-grid and active distribution network in the development of the modern smart grid, which aims to improve the intelligence, reliability and adaptability of power grid, and promote the construction and expansion of smart grid.
The main contributions of this dissertation are listed as follows:
(1) Propose a fully publish/subscribe-based data exchange model for smart substation communication to solve the closed coupled problems existed in the traditional substation communication framework. Publish/subscribe communication structure is one of the best solutions for data exchange between one or more data sources (i.e. the publisher) and one or more receivers (i.e. the subscriber), which makes each component in a distributed system has a better interconnection and data share within the network. The adoption of publish/subscribe based data exchange model can overcome the closely coupling characteristics of the Client/Server (C/S) mode or the combination of C/S and publish/subscribe mode used in traditional substation communication.
(2) Development of a service-oriented and data centric communication mapping model for the implementation of IEC61850for digital substation and solve the one to one mapping problem of the conventional mapping and the closed coupling of the object oriented program. The abstract communication service interface (ACSI) defined by IEC61850communication standard must be mapped by using the special communication service mapping methods to map the abstract communication services, objects and parameters to the current mature international communication standard for realization. This dissertation proposes an object-oriented and data-centric data mapping model for the IEC61850used in digital substation, based on publish/subscribe and data distribution service (DDS), which solves the problems of GOOSE, CORBA-TAO implementation.
(3) Implement a fast-prototype, standard realization method for mapping IEC61850to a special communication network and avoid the low-level complexity of communication networks and to simplify the communication mapping process. The middleware technology can shield the operation system and underlying communication programming, effectively help the professional power system engineers who lack of communication knowledge and software programming skills, and thus simplify the implementation complexity of the underlying communication mapping process and finally reduce the implementation error.
(4) Extending the DDS based mapping of IEC61850protocol to communication of smart micro grid and active distribution network According to the new communication requirements of smart grid caused by intermittent distributed generation and smart grid equipment, and the analysis of the network communication architecture, publish/subscribe mode is found to be one of the best solutions. A real time data communication simulation platform for smart micro grid is designed, and the reliability and feasibility of the proposed model is validated. The extension application of the DDS mapping IEC61850method in intelligent micro-grid and active distribution network makes the uniform interface in wider range and enhances the interoperability.
引文
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