P2P媒体服务系统研究
摘要
中国互联网络信息中心(CNNIC)统计显示,截至2009年6月,中国网民和宽带用户规模均已至世界首位,网络视频用户超过2亿。宽带用户规模的急剧扩大极大推动了宽带网络的应用需求,媒体服务业务作为宽带网络的重要应用,成为信息产业新的增长点,蕴育出巨大的商机,对媒体服务系统及其关键技术的研究具有重要现实意义和广阔应用前景。媒体服务系统中媒体数据的存储、分发与共享是关键技术之一,基于共享的P2P技术在此方面具有极大的优势,成为当前国内外的研究热点。
现有P2P技术有三种典型体系结构：集中目录式结构,缺点是易造成单点故障,可靠性和安全性较低,不适合大规模网络应用；纯P2P网络结构,缺点是信息搜索效率较低,带宽消耗大,易造成网络拥塞甚至不稳定,不能提供QOS保证；混合式P2P网络结构,缺点是对超级节点依赖性大,容错性受到一定影响。
本文提出了一种基于多级P2P架构的媒体服务系统,实验床上的实际测试表明,多级P2P架构具有较好的服务性能。此架构中有五类分布式P2P节点：中心媒体节点(CMS)、目录服务节点(DS)、边缘媒体节点(EMS)、媒体分发缓冲节点(MDC)和媒体终端节点(HMT)。五类节点组成了双层P2P网络：城域网P2P媒体数据存储分发网络与驻地网P2P媒体数据存储、分发与服务网络,提供媒体数据的部署／缓存、存储、分发与共享等功能。在第一层(城域)P2P网络中,利用基于Kautz图拓扑的结构组织各分布式节点,在第二层(驻地)P2P网络中,利用边缘媒体节点(EMS)的双重特性结合媒体终端节点(HMT)的特殊服务性能,提供QOS保证,同时使得系统具有较高的整体服务性能。理论分析和验证实验均证明多级P2P架构所体现的优越性及先进性。
在多级P2P媒体数据分发服务网络中,对媒体数据进行一定策略的部署／缓存,可以进一步提高系统的数据共享效率及服务性能,现有的数据部署／缓存方法,大都基于某一特定环境实现,具有一定的局限性,对于P2P网络来说,暂未有显著的有效方法,本文提出了一种多级P2P网络中媒体数据的部署／缓存方法,该方法基于网络中媒体数据的请求特性,并结合各分布式节点的行为统计结果,在分析得出数据的生命周期、衰减状态等基础上,给出数据的缓存期望值和定位节点,最终实现数据的部署／缓存,可以达到全网范围内较为高效的数据分布,提供较高效率的数据共享功能,并明显提高了统的服务性能。实验床上的实际测试表明在多级P2P数据分发与服务网络中,应用此数据部署／缓存方法,会显著提高系统的服务性能。同时,本文提出了一种多级P2P网络中的媒体数据请求模型，给出了模型的参数及各相关变量及函数定义,作为数据部署／缓存的重要参考依据。
在几个关键方法的研究成果之上,本文构建了一个具有典型代表性的P2P媒体服务原型系统-基于多级P2P架构的视频多媒体点播系统,设计并实现了各分布式节点及主要业务流程。在CNGI(国家下一代互联网)示范网上部署了200个节点,添加了必要的支撑环境以后,验证系统成功完成了试运营。验证系统的实际测试数据证明了本文研究成果的有效性及先进性。
It was reported by China Internet Network Information Center(CNNIC) that the number of network users and broadband users in China ranks No.1 in the world up to June 2009 and there are more than 200 million network video users. The fast increasing of broadband network users is a great impetus to the broadband network services. As one of the most important network services, the video service creates many new business opportunities, provides a great perspective for the video service system and its key technologies and is a fast growing spot of the information industry. The media data storage, distribution and sharing technology is critical for a video service system. The sharing-based P2P (peer-to-peer) technology is a very good candidate to realize the media data storage, distribution and sharing, and has caught much attention recently.
There are 3 typical architectures of P2P technology. The first one is the centralized directory architecture, which is vulnerable to single node failure, suffers from the poor reliability and security, and cannot be implemented in the large scale networks. The second one is the pure P2P network architecture, which occupies much network bandwidth, may easily result in network congestions and even network break-down, and cannot provide any performance guarantee. The third one is the hybrid P2P network architecture, which strongly depends on the super nodes and whose fault tolerability could be weak.
The present thesis proposes a new multi-level P2P architecture for video service systems. The superiority of the multi-level P2P architecture is confirmed by the experiments on a testbed. Under the new multi-level P2P architecture, there are 5 types of nodes, including central media servers (CMS), directory servers (DS), media distribution centers (MDC), edge media nodes (EMS) and home media terminals (HMT)。These 5 types of nodes compose a dual-layer P2P network, which comprise a wide area P2P media content storage and distribution network and a local area P2P media content storage, distribution and service network. In the first level (wide area) P2P network, the distributed nodes are organized according to the structure of the Kautz graph. In the second level (local area) network, the dual characters of the edge media nodes and the special service capability of the home media terminal nodes are integrated to improve the overall system's service performance and provides QoS guarantee. The excellence of the multi-level P2P architecture is shown by both the theoretical analysis and the experiments.
In the multi-level P2P media data distribution service networks, deploying and caching the media data can improve the efficiency of the data sharing and the overall system performance. The available data deploying and caching strategies are often designed for certain environments and have limited usage. We have not seen any efficient strategy for P2P networks. The present thesis proposes a new media data deploying and caching method for multi-level P2P networks, which is built upon the data request property of media data in networks. The new method derives the life period and status of media data based on the statistical behavior of distributed nodes, gives the expectation of the cached data and the positioning node, realizes the final data deployment and caching, achieves the more efficient data distribution in the overall network, provides the more effective data sharing service and significantly improves the systems performance. It has been shown by the experiments in a testbed that the new media data deploying and caching method can greatly improve the system's QoS in the multi-level P2P data distribution and service networks. Moreover, the present thesis proposes a new media data request model for the multi-level P2P networks and defines the critical parameters and functions of the concerned model. The given model can serve as an important reference for the data deployment and caching.
Based on the achieved results, the present thesis builds a typical P2P media data service prototype system, "A Video-On-Demand System based on the Multi-Level P2P Architecture", designs and realizes all distributed nodes and the major business processes. Furthermore,200 nodes are deployed in the CNGI (Chinese Next Generation Internet) demon network to construct a verifying system under the proposed multi-level P2P architecture. The verifying system has passed the test run. The results of the verifying system confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the .achieved results.
现有P2P技术有三种典型体系结构：集中目录式结构,缺点是易造成单点故障,可靠性和安全性较低,不适合大规模网络应用；纯P2P网络结构,缺点是信息搜索效率较低,带宽消耗大,易造成网络拥塞甚至不稳定,不能提供QOS保证；混合式P2P网络结构,缺点是对超级节点依赖性大,容错性受到一定影响。
本文提出了一种基于多级P2P架构的媒体服务系统,实验床上的实际测试表明,多级P2P架构具有较好的服务性能。此架构中有五类分布式P2P节点：中心媒体节点(CMS)、目录服务节点(DS)、边缘媒体节点(EMS)、媒体分发缓冲节点(MDC)和媒体终端节点(HMT)。五类节点组成了双层P2P网络：城域网P2P媒体数据存储分发网络与驻地网P2P媒体数据存储、分发与服务网络,提供媒体数据的部署／缓存、存储、分发与共享等功能。在第一层(城域)P2P网络中,利用基于Kautz图拓扑的结构组织各分布式节点,在第二层(驻地)P2P网络中,利用边缘媒体节点(EMS)的双重特性结合媒体终端节点(HMT)的特殊服务性能,提供QOS保证,同时使得系统具有较高的整体服务性能。理论分析和验证实验均证明多级P2P架构所体现的优越性及先进性。
在多级P2P媒体数据分发服务网络中,对媒体数据进行一定策略的部署／缓存,可以进一步提高系统的数据共享效率及服务性能,现有的数据部署／缓存方法,大都基于某一特定环境实现,具有一定的局限性,对于P2P网络来说,暂未有显著的有效方法,本文提出了一种多级P2P网络中媒体数据的部署／缓存方法,该方法基于网络中媒体数据的请求特性,并结合各分布式节点的行为统计结果,在分析得出数据的生命周期、衰减状态等基础上,给出数据的缓存期望值和定位节点,最终实现数据的部署／缓存,可以达到全网范围内较为高效的数据分布,提供较高效率的数据共享功能,并明显提高了统的服务性能。实验床上的实际测试表明在多级P2P数据分发与服务网络中,应用此数据部署／缓存方法,会显著提高系统的服务性能。同时,本文提出了一种多级P2P网络中的媒体数据请求模型，给出了模型的参数及各相关变量及函数定义,作为数据部署／缓存的重要参考依据。
在几个关键方法的研究成果之上,本文构建了一个具有典型代表性的P2P媒体服务原型系统-基于多级P2P架构的视频多媒体点播系统,设计并实现了各分布式节点及主要业务流程。在CNGI(国家下一代互联网)示范网上部署了200个节点,添加了必要的支撑环境以后,验证系统成功完成了试运营。验证系统的实际测试数据证明了本文研究成果的有效性及先进性。
It was reported by China Internet Network Information Center(CNNIC) that the number of network users and broadband users in China ranks No.1 in the world up to June 2009 and there are more than 200 million network video users. The fast increasing of broadband network users is a great impetus to the broadband network services. As one of the most important network services, the video service creates many new business opportunities, provides a great perspective for the video service system and its key technologies and is a fast growing spot of the information industry. The media data storage, distribution and sharing technology is critical for a video service system. The sharing-based P2P (peer-to-peer) technology is a very good candidate to realize the media data storage, distribution and sharing, and has caught much attention recently.
There are 3 typical architectures of P2P technology. The first one is the centralized directory architecture, which is vulnerable to single node failure, suffers from the poor reliability and security, and cannot be implemented in the large scale networks. The second one is the pure P2P network architecture, which occupies much network bandwidth, may easily result in network congestions and even network break-down, and cannot provide any performance guarantee. The third one is the hybrid P2P network architecture, which strongly depends on the super nodes and whose fault tolerability could be weak.
The present thesis proposes a new multi-level P2P architecture for video service systems. The superiority of the multi-level P2P architecture is confirmed by the experiments on a testbed. Under the new multi-level P2P architecture, there are 5 types of nodes, including central media servers (CMS), directory servers (DS), media distribution centers (MDC), edge media nodes (EMS) and home media terminals (HMT)。These 5 types of nodes compose a dual-layer P2P network, which comprise a wide area P2P media content storage and distribution network and a local area P2P media content storage, distribution and service network. In the first level (wide area) P2P network, the distributed nodes are organized according to the structure of the Kautz graph. In the second level (local area) network, the dual characters of the edge media nodes and the special service capability of the home media terminal nodes are integrated to improve the overall system's service performance and provides QoS guarantee. The excellence of the multi-level P2P architecture is shown by both the theoretical analysis and the experiments.
In the multi-level P2P media data distribution service networks, deploying and caching the media data can improve the efficiency of the data sharing and the overall system performance. The available data deploying and caching strategies are often designed for certain environments and have limited usage. We have not seen any efficient strategy for P2P networks. The present thesis proposes a new media data deploying and caching method for multi-level P2P networks, which is built upon the data request property of media data in networks. The new method derives the life period and status of media data based on the statistical behavior of distributed nodes, gives the expectation of the cached data and the positioning node, realizes the final data deployment and caching, achieves the more efficient data distribution in the overall network, provides the more effective data sharing service and significantly improves the systems performance. It has been shown by the experiments in a testbed that the new media data deploying and caching method can greatly improve the system's QoS in the multi-level P2P data distribution and service networks. Moreover, the present thesis proposes a new media data request model for the multi-level P2P networks and defines the critical parameters and functions of the concerned model. The given model can serve as an important reference for the data deployment and caching.
Based on the achieved results, the present thesis builds a typical P2P media data service prototype system, "A Video-On-Demand System based on the Multi-Level P2P Architecture", designs and realizes all distributed nodes and the major business processes. Furthermore,200 nodes are deployed in the CNGI (Chinese Next Generation Internet) demon network to construct a verifying system under the proposed multi-level P2P architecture. The verifying system has passed the test run. The results of the verifying system confirm the effectiveness and efficiency of the .achieved results.
引文
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