面向海量信息处理领域的数据网格及其关键技术研究
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摘要
随着信息技术的不断发展,越来越多的信息在丰富人们的思想、扩大人们视野的同时,也为计算机进行海量信息处理带来了众多难题,其主要表现在以下几个方面:存在着大量的、异构的数据源,而且格式各异;同时这些信息又缺乏一个统一的规范化的描述方法;再者由于信息的更新速度非常快,因此还需要解决数据修改和同步的问题;此外还需要解决信息的易用性问题。
本文针对以上海量信息处理过程中出现的困难和问题,提出了面向海量信息处理的数据网格MIPDG(Data Grid for Mass Information Process)。作为一种新型的数据管理和利用的体系架构,MIPDG提出了一种新的海量信息处理中心的数据网格建设模式,并通过为多种数据格式提供标准化的描述方式,以实现相关数据的自动关联、自动映射;通过对各类数据源提供副本创建策略、副本一致性算法和数据传输算法等,有效地解决信息资源的一致性共享问题,实现高速可靠的数据访问;通过对海量信息处理业务提供平台级和应用级的访问支持,从而极大地降低海量信息处理应用开发和使用的复杂性,为最终实现信息的全面共享和综合利用提供了一个高性能、大容量、广域覆盖的数据共享平台。
本文以高性能、易用性和可扩展性为依据,对面向海量信息处理的数据网格的体系结构及若干关键技术做了详细研究和探讨,主要工作和贡献如下:
1)结合海量信息处理需求的特点,设计了若干个由高速网络互联形成的分布式海量信息处理中心节点,建立了数据中心的数据网格建设模式,实现了对多数据源的稳定可靠访问,克服了由于数据源本身在存储容量、网络带宽以及可用性等方面差异所导致的访问瓶颈问题,为海量信息处理应用可扩展、可维护、易用性等目标提供了保障。
2)基于面向对象的设计方法,给出了一种层次型的海量信息处理元数据结构定义,实现了灵活的数据映射机制。并根据这种元数据目录管理的方式,设计了一种基于服务的数据映射五层模型,实现了对海量数据透明、可扩展和开放的映射管理,为不同存储方式、不同格式类型的多种数据源提供了统一便捷的数据访问模式。
3)根据海量信息处理业务流程的特点,给出了DRFT数据传输策略,建立了一种无监督的数据传输调度模型,提出了三种数据传输作业调度策略,并进一步对最优适合策略进行优化,优化算法不仅能够充分利用有效的传输带宽,而且还具有比较稳定的传输速率。
4)针对副本管理机制的研究,提出了基于聚类的动态副本创建策略、基于活跃度的多阶段副本一致性算法。这两种算法克服了由于网络带宽有限、地理位置分散所带来的数据访问效率低等困难,有效地减少了平均作业执行时间,提高了网格资源的利用率以及网格环境的性能和可扩展性,并保证网格系统的正确运行。
研究成果已在实验环境中得到测试,不仅验证了整个网格系统的可行性,还验证了对于一个具备论文提出的各项策略的网格系统,其数据访问性能能够得到明显的改善,为论文提出的各种技术的推广应用提供了有益的参考。
With the development of information technology, more and more information enriches the idea of people and enlarges their field of vision. At the same time, it brings many difficult problems, which is listed as follows: There exits a large amount of heterogenous data resource, whose size and network environment are very different. At the same time, the information is lack of a uniform format. How to transform them into operable and standard data with fixed format according to the users’different requirement is also a formidable task. Because of the rapid speed of information updating, the change and synchronization of data also need to be resolved. How to guarantee the consistency of information with the limited bandwidth will make the mass information process application has the ability of access to the newest and the exactst data.Moreover, the ability of information use will be improved.
This thesis presents the Data Grid for Mass Information Process (MIPDG) based on those problems and difficulties mentioned above. MIPDG, as the new data mamagement architecture, proposed a new mode of mass information process center and by providing a uniform standard description mode for different data formats. So the automatic mapping and automatic association will be implemented. The replica creation strategy, the replica coherence algrithom and data transfer algrithom can resolve the problem of information resource coherence sharement effectively. MIPDG provides a level of application of access support for mass information process, which can reduce the complexity of mass information process application. It will provide a high performance, giant capacity, high speed transfer, wide spread data share platform for share and utilization of information.
The thesis analyses the architecture of MIPDG and its’key technologies in detail based on high performance, ease to use, and expansibility. The contribution of this thesis is composed of eight points listed below:
1) MIPDG designs many distributed information center nodes combined with the charastics of mass information process. Also it sets up the uniform model of data access based on data center, which can overcome the access bottleneck problem caused by the difference of capacity, network bandwidth and utilization of data resources themselves.
2) Based on the design of OO, it gives a definition of mass information process metadata and it carries out the flexible mechanism. Otherwise, it designes a five-layer model of data mapping based on service by utilizing the mode of metadata catalogue management, which implements the transparent and expanding mapping management of massive data. As a result, a uniform convenient data access mode is provided for the data access of different storage manner and different data formats.
3) The model put forward a data transfer strategy called DRFT(Distribute Reliable File Transfer), which implements the automatic partition of data transfer process and management by the mode of job scheduler. Therefore, the aim at the automatic scheduler of data transfer without manaual work is achieved. The model also discusses the assignment of bandwidth and proposes three data transfer scheduler strategies. Morver, the best fit strategy is optimized, which can not only utlize the transfer bandwidth effectively, but also has more steady transfer speed.
4) A Strategy of Dynamic Replica Creation Based on Clustering (DRCC) and a strategy of activity based multi-phase consistency maintenance algorithm are proposed. These two algorithms overcome the difficulties of the low data access efficiency caused by the limited network bandwidth. As a result, it reduces the average completion time and improves the usage of grid resource and the informance of grid environment.
The feasibility of the whole grid system is validated by setting up the system of MIPDG in the experimental enviorment. The experiment results show that our replica creation strategy, coherence algorithm and data transfer algorithm is effective and correct. The average job response time and replica updation times are both improved. The results will be a valuable reference to the application of MIPDG and its strategy or algorithm in future.
本文针对以上海量信息处理过程中出现的困难和问题,提出了面向海量信息处理的数据网格MIPDG(Data Grid for Mass Information Process)。作为一种新型的数据管理和利用的体系架构,MIPDG提出了一种新的海量信息处理中心的数据网格建设模式,并通过为多种数据格式提供标准化的描述方式,以实现相关数据的自动关联、自动映射;通过对各类数据源提供副本创建策略、副本一致性算法和数据传输算法等,有效地解决信息资源的一致性共享问题,实现高速可靠的数据访问;通过对海量信息处理业务提供平台级和应用级的访问支持,从而极大地降低海量信息处理应用开发和使用的复杂性,为最终实现信息的全面共享和综合利用提供了一个高性能、大容量、广域覆盖的数据共享平台。
本文以高性能、易用性和可扩展性为依据,对面向海量信息处理的数据网格的体系结构及若干关键技术做了详细研究和探讨,主要工作和贡献如下:
1)结合海量信息处理需求的特点,设计了若干个由高速网络互联形成的分布式海量信息处理中心节点,建立了数据中心的数据网格建设模式,实现了对多数据源的稳定可靠访问,克服了由于数据源本身在存储容量、网络带宽以及可用性等方面差异所导致的访问瓶颈问题,为海量信息处理应用可扩展、可维护、易用性等目标提供了保障。
2)基于面向对象的设计方法,给出了一种层次型的海量信息处理元数据结构定义,实现了灵活的数据映射机制。并根据这种元数据目录管理的方式,设计了一种基于服务的数据映射五层模型,实现了对海量数据透明、可扩展和开放的映射管理,为不同存储方式、不同格式类型的多种数据源提供了统一便捷的数据访问模式。
3)根据海量信息处理业务流程的特点,给出了DRFT数据传输策略,建立了一种无监督的数据传输调度模型,提出了三种数据传输作业调度策略,并进一步对最优适合策略进行优化,优化算法不仅能够充分利用有效的传输带宽,而且还具有比较稳定的传输速率。
4)针对副本管理机制的研究,提出了基于聚类的动态副本创建策略、基于活跃度的多阶段副本一致性算法。这两种算法克服了由于网络带宽有限、地理位置分散所带来的数据访问效率低等困难,有效地减少了平均作业执行时间,提高了网格资源的利用率以及网格环境的性能和可扩展性,并保证网格系统的正确运行。
研究成果已在实验环境中得到测试,不仅验证了整个网格系统的可行性,还验证了对于一个具备论文提出的各项策略的网格系统,其数据访问性能能够得到明显的改善,为论文提出的各种技术的推广应用提供了有益的参考。
With the development of information technology, more and more information enriches the idea of people and enlarges their field of vision. At the same time, it brings many difficult problems, which is listed as follows: There exits a large amount of heterogenous data resource, whose size and network environment are very different. At the same time, the information is lack of a uniform format. How to transform them into operable and standard data with fixed format according to the users’different requirement is also a formidable task. Because of the rapid speed of information updating, the change and synchronization of data also need to be resolved. How to guarantee the consistency of information with the limited bandwidth will make the mass information process application has the ability of access to the newest and the exactst data.Moreover, the ability of information use will be improved.
This thesis presents the Data Grid for Mass Information Process (MIPDG) based on those problems and difficulties mentioned above. MIPDG, as the new data mamagement architecture, proposed a new mode of mass information process center and by providing a uniform standard description mode for different data formats. So the automatic mapping and automatic association will be implemented. The replica creation strategy, the replica coherence algrithom and data transfer algrithom can resolve the problem of information resource coherence sharement effectively. MIPDG provides a level of application of access support for mass information process, which can reduce the complexity of mass information process application. It will provide a high performance, giant capacity, high speed transfer, wide spread data share platform for share and utilization of information.
The thesis analyses the architecture of MIPDG and its’key technologies in detail based on high performance, ease to use, and expansibility. The contribution of this thesis is composed of eight points listed below:
1) MIPDG designs many distributed information center nodes combined with the charastics of mass information process. Also it sets up the uniform model of data access based on data center, which can overcome the access bottleneck problem caused by the difference of capacity, network bandwidth and utilization of data resources themselves.
2) Based on the design of OO, it gives a definition of mass information process metadata and it carries out the flexible mechanism. Otherwise, it designes a five-layer model of data mapping based on service by utilizing the mode of metadata catalogue management, which implements the transparent and expanding mapping management of massive data. As a result, a uniform convenient data access mode is provided for the data access of different storage manner and different data formats.
3) The model put forward a data transfer strategy called DRFT(Distribute Reliable File Transfer), which implements the automatic partition of data transfer process and management by the mode of job scheduler. Therefore, the aim at the automatic scheduler of data transfer without manaual work is achieved. The model also discusses the assignment of bandwidth and proposes three data transfer scheduler strategies. Morver, the best fit strategy is optimized, which can not only utlize the transfer bandwidth effectively, but also has more steady transfer speed.
4) A Strategy of Dynamic Replica Creation Based on Clustering (DRCC) and a strategy of activity based multi-phase consistency maintenance algorithm are proposed. These two algorithms overcome the difficulties of the low data access efficiency caused by the limited network bandwidth. As a result, it reduces the average completion time and improves the usage of grid resource and the informance of grid environment.
The feasibility of the whole grid system is validated by setting up the system of MIPDG in the experimental enviorment. The experiment results show that our replica creation strategy, coherence algorithm and data transfer algorithm is effective and correct. The average job response time and replica updation times are both improved. The results will be a valuable reference to the application of MIPDG and its strategy or algorithm in future.
引文
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