船体型线数字化及型线自动生成研究
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摘要
随着信息技术的广泛运用和大量数控设备的出现，现在造船模式较之以往已经产生了重大的变化，集中表现在生产数据的交换量空前庞大和交换频率的增加，大量的生产加工信息都需要数据化处然后由数据信息在数控设备之间传递，这种模式带来了生产效率的大大提高。船舶制造模式上的变化必然要求设计模式进行相应的调整以满足实际生产上的需要，那就是设计的船型便于数据化以便数控加工设备能够识别，同时能够提供数据传输的畅通渠道。
船型的数据化导致了数学船型的出现。数学船型就是用数学函数表达和设计船体型线。它要求我们寻求并采用适当的数学表达式，找到某种有效的方法，在满足设计要求的前提下求出具有实用价值并且光顺的船体型线，为水动力计算以及建造施工提供所需要的数据。船型的数字化给船舶建造带来了极大的便利，同时也给设计本身带来了很大的方便。
本论文讨论且分析了国内外船舶型线设计的现状和发展趋势。针对面临的问题，提出了自己的思路，在数学计算方法上，由于三次准均匀B样条曲线良好的端部性质，这里用它来拟合船舶型线，首先根据所给的初步型值求出其控制顶点，然后根据相关公式进行插值便能得到曲线上的所有插值点。在小参数模型下对型线进行了光顺，另外通过对全船的插值，并可以插值得到任意位置的曲线及其型值。
为便于型值的查询和输出，本文还提供了数据接口以便从前期模块获得原始型线数据，经过绘图时的光顺和插值处理，型值表可以进行扩充，扩充后的型值表还可以方便地存储到一个数据文件里，然后可以独立于AutoCAD，可以用数据管理模块对数据进行管理，包括数据的修改和查询等，还可以根据需要提供给相应的生产设备以便加工。
本文采用基于C++语言的的ObjectARX工具在AutoCAD2002平台进行二次开发，分别编制了绘图软件和数据管理软件，并结合一条实际的普通货船，进行型线设计，取得了良好的效果。
Nowadays, with the appearance of lots of numerical control equipments and development of information technology ,there are many important changes in model of shipbuilding, a remarkable one is that exchange of data for shipbuilding becomes mor and more frequently and the amount of data for exchange also increases rapidly. At the same time ,more and more digital information is required to be numbered , And then ,it is digital information that is transmitted between numerical control equipment , this model bring about remarkable increasment of productivity. The design model of ship is required to adjust for the change of the manufacturing model . By the occasion , it is required to number the hull , which convenient for the distinguish to numerical control equipment . Meanwhile , it is required to provide a unblocked channel of communication for the data transmission.
Beacauses of numbering the hull , it is bring about the emergence of the mathematical-hull. It is defined the mathematical ship hull to use mathematical function in designing hull lines. We must figure out some practicable equations to calculate the hull lines that should be smoothness and fit the real ship lines. These data, which are already exanimated, can be the original data of fluid dynamic calculation and the original data of ship-manufacture. Numbering the hull convenient for the shipbuilding , as well as for ship-design itself.
In this thesis, the practical effect and the development of hull line design are analyzed. It offers the idea according to problem faced, considering the good character of the ends,the ajusted cubic B-spline curve is used to fit ship lines.it finds out the control vertexs according to a sequence of given points,and then, through particular formula, each point in the curve could be worked out. It smoothes lines with the method based on small-paramter. Through interpolation we can calculate every point of a ship or create a line wherever in the lines plan due to given paramater.
In order to inquire and output data conveniently , this thesis also offers the data interface which can obtain original data from preceding module . After smoothness and interpolation,the moulded-values-table could be expanded.the changed table could be saved in a data file.And then , the data Data Base Management program can manage the data including interpolation and query without AutoCAD, the data could be offerred to the equipments according to the demand of manufacture .
It uses objectARX tools based on C++ language in AutoCAD 2002 flat to make a farther development .It worked out a corresponding soft ware , and drew the planes of a real ship , has obtained a good effect.
船型的数据化导致了数学船型的出现。数学船型就是用数学函数表达和设计船体型线。它要求我们寻求并采用适当的数学表达式，找到某种有效的方法，在满足设计要求的前提下求出具有实用价值并且光顺的船体型线，为水动力计算以及建造施工提供所需要的数据。船型的数字化给船舶建造带来了极大的便利，同时也给设计本身带来了很大的方便。
本论文讨论且分析了国内外船舶型线设计的现状和发展趋势。针对面临的问题，提出了自己的思路，在数学计算方法上，由于三次准均匀B样条曲线良好的端部性质，这里用它来拟合船舶型线，首先根据所给的初步型值求出其控制顶点，然后根据相关公式进行插值便能得到曲线上的所有插值点。在小参数模型下对型线进行了光顺，另外通过对全船的插值，并可以插值得到任意位置的曲线及其型值。
为便于型值的查询和输出，本文还提供了数据接口以便从前期模块获得原始型线数据，经过绘图时的光顺和插值处理，型值表可以进行扩充，扩充后的型值表还可以方便地存储到一个数据文件里，然后可以独立于AutoCAD，可以用数据管理模块对数据进行管理，包括数据的修改和查询等，还可以根据需要提供给相应的生产设备以便加工。
本文采用基于C++语言的的ObjectARX工具在AutoCAD2002平台进行二次开发，分别编制了绘图软件和数据管理软件，并结合一条实际的普通货船，进行型线设计，取得了良好的效果。
Nowadays, with the appearance of lots of numerical control equipments and development of information technology ,there are many important changes in model of shipbuilding, a remarkable one is that exchange of data for shipbuilding becomes mor and more frequently and the amount of data for exchange also increases rapidly. At the same time ,more and more digital information is required to be numbered , And then ,it is digital information that is transmitted between numerical control equipment , this model bring about remarkable increasment of productivity. The design model of ship is required to adjust for the change of the manufacturing model . By the occasion , it is required to number the hull , which convenient for the distinguish to numerical control equipment . Meanwhile , it is required to provide a unblocked channel of communication for the data transmission.
Beacauses of numbering the hull , it is bring about the emergence of the mathematical-hull. It is defined the mathematical ship hull to use mathematical function in designing hull lines. We must figure out some practicable equations to calculate the hull lines that should be smoothness and fit the real ship lines. These data, which are already exanimated, can be the original data of fluid dynamic calculation and the original data of ship-manufacture. Numbering the hull convenient for the shipbuilding , as well as for ship-design itself.
In this thesis, the practical effect and the development of hull line design are analyzed. It offers the idea according to problem faced, considering the good character of the ends,the ajusted cubic B-spline curve is used to fit ship lines.it finds out the control vertexs according to a sequence of given points,and then, through particular formula, each point in the curve could be worked out. It smoothes lines with the method based on small-paramter. Through interpolation we can calculate every point of a ship or create a line wherever in the lines plan due to given paramater.
In order to inquire and output data conveniently , this thesis also offers the data interface which can obtain original data from preceding module . After smoothness and interpolation,the moulded-values-table could be expanded.the changed table could be saved in a data file.And then , the data Data Base Management program can manage the data including interpolation and query without AutoCAD, the data could be offerred to the equipments according to the demand of manufacture .
It uses objectARX tools based on C++ language in AutoCAD 2002 flat to make a farther development .It worked out a corresponding soft ware , and drew the planes of a real ship , has obtained a good effect.
引文
[1] 陈宾康、董元胜 计算机辅助船舶设计，国防工业出版社
[2] 王宇成．迈向21世纪的世界船舶工业与船舶科技．船舶工程，1998．1
[3] 薛炎华．计算机辅助设计发展动向及其对策．电子与自动化 1993．22
[4] 曾隆杰．船舶CAD．人民交通出版社
[5] 刘宁、王其昌．浅谈船舶CAD软件开发的几个问题．软件开发与应用，1996．Vol1．1
[6] 邬曼君，国际船舶CAD/CAM软件发展与应用1999．5
[7] 陈宾康．用B样条拟合与绘制船体型线武汉水运工程学院学报1989．13
[8] 施法中．计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS)．北京航空航天大学出版社
[9] 林焰、纪卓上、戴寅生．船体B样条曲面的数学描述及计算方法．中国造船．1996．Vol．4，No．7
[10] 李水进、周艳红．B样条曲线的局部自动光顺算法．中国机械工程 1998．9
[11] 陈宾康．函数合成法生成型线与光顺．中国造船．1992．1
[12] 施法中．均匀B样条曲线的几何意义．数值计算与计算机应用．1985．
[13] Farin G. Curves and surfaces for computer aided geometric design: A practical guide.Academic press. 1988
[14] Choi B K. Surface Modeling for CAD/CAM. Elsevier.1991
[15] 蒋大为、李安平，B样条曲线的最小二乘保形光顺逼近．工程数学学报．2000．17
[16] 熊西文．船体型线光顺．国防工业出版社
[17] 樊勇兵、陈宾康 关于曲线光顺性的讨论．船舶工程．1999．3
[18] 程明道．船型生成．船舶工程．1997．2
[19] 冯恩德、席龙飞．船舶设计原理．大连海运学院出版社．1989
[20] 林焰、纪卓尚、戴寅生．船舶型线设计软件系统．软件开发与应用．1995．Vol．1，No．6
[21] 陈建兰、洪涛．基于函数样条的船舶型线的三向光顺的研究杭州电子工业学院学报2002．22
[22] 李俊华、应文烨等．基于CADDS5的船体外板加工样板软件开发中国造船．2002．3
[23] 蒋大为、王方明．保形光顺的样条曲线．航空计算技术．1998 28
[24] 汪希龄．用计算机作船体型线设计．中国造船．1978．Vol．3，No．4
[25] [美]Davis Chapman著．骆长乐译．学用VC++6.0．清华大学出版社．1999
[26] 张金铭．数学船型设计及其三向光顺性．上海交通大学学报．1980．Vol 14，No．3
[27] 谭浩强．C程序设计．清华大学出版社1988
[28] 钱能．C++程序设计教程．清华大学出版社．1999
[29] Pedersen.Einar, Hatling, John Fredrik.Computer integrated ship production Journal of Ship Production. 1997, 13
[30] Sapidis.N, Farin.G. Automatic Fairing Algorithm for B-spline Curves[J]. Computer Aided Design. 1990,22
[31] James V.Valentino. CAD with Computer Vision .CBS HRW U.S.A 1987
[32] Computer Applications in the Automation of Shipyard Operation and Ship Design.1988, 1991, (6)(7)
[33] Abrams, S.L.、Bardis, L., Chryssostomidis C.Geometric modeling and interrogation system praxiteles.Journal of Ship Production. 1995.11
[34] Rogers D F. Fog N G. "Constrained B-Spline Curve and Surface Fitting".ICCAS. 1998
[35] 陈宾康．船舶静力学现代计算法．大连海事大学出版社．1995
[36] Tan. K, T.Bligh. New approach to an integrated CAD method for surface ship design. Naval Engineers Journal. 1998,110(1)
[37] 黄永红等．WINDOWS环境下CAD用户界面的设计与实现．计算机辅助工程。1999(5)
[38] 陈彬等．用ObjectARX开发AutoCAD 2000应用程序．人民邮电出版社，2000
[39] 李世国．AutoCAD高级开发技术ARX编程及应用．机械工业出版社，1999
[40] 何义、石德新、邹劲．船体型线三向光顺系统研究．哈尔滨工程大学学报．Vol．21，No．2
[41] 李于剑．VisualC++与提高—形图像编程篇．中国铁道出版社．2001
[42] 二代龙震工作室，AutoCAD&数据库整合运用实作．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[43] 李世国、潘建忠译．AutoCAD2000 ObjectARX编程指南．机械工业出版社，2000
[44] 王勇毅，船舶建造工艺学．人民交通出版社，1994
[45] 杨永祥、茆文玉、翁士纲．哈尔滨工程大学出版社
[46] 张永生．图形图象软件工程．解放军出版社
[47] 王润生．图形理解国防科技出版社
[48] Aldefeld B. Variation of geometries based on a geometric reasoning method. Computer_Aided Design. 1978,10(3)
[49] Hagen H. Roller D. eds. Geometrics Modeling. Methods and Applications. Springer-Verlag. N. Y. 1991
[50] Choi B k. Surfice Modeling for CAD/CAM.Elsevier.1991
[51] Bohern W. Inserting New Knots into B-Spline curves. Computer Aided Design. 1980,Vol.5,No.12
[52] A Z Qanliyah. A strategy for the construction of customized design libraries for CAD Computer Aided Design. 1995,30.(5).
[53] Tom.Beard. Interpolating Curves. Modern Machine Shop 1997,0(10)
[54] Matthias Eck、Jan Hadenfeld Knot removal for B-spline curves Matthias Eck and Jan Hadenfeld 1995,12(3)
[55] Carl E. Jacobson. Using AutoCAD for descriptive geometry exercises-in undergraduate structural geology. Computers & geosciences. 2001,27(1)
[56] Feature Extraction Software Supports AutoCAD Imaging Notes. 2000,15(2)
[57] Tony.Hotchkiss.Make AutoCAD 2000 do what CADalyst 2000,17(7)
[2] 王宇成．迈向21世纪的世界船舶工业与船舶科技．船舶工程，1998．1
[3] 薛炎华．计算机辅助设计发展动向及其对策．电子与自动化 1993．22
[4] 曾隆杰．船舶CAD．人民交通出版社
[5] 刘宁、王其昌．浅谈船舶CAD软件开发的几个问题．软件开发与应用，1996．Vol1．1
[6] 邬曼君，国际船舶CAD/CAM软件发展与应用1999．5
[7] 陈宾康．用B样条拟合与绘制船体型线武汉水运工程学院学报1989．13
[8] 施法中．计算机辅助几何设计与非均匀有理B样条(CAGD&NURBS)．北京航空航天大学出版社
[9] 林焰、纪卓上、戴寅生．船体B样条曲面的数学描述及计算方法．中国造船．1996．Vol．4，No．7
[10] 李水进、周艳红．B样条曲线的局部自动光顺算法．中国机械工程 1998．9
[11] 陈宾康．函数合成法生成型线与光顺．中国造船．1992．1
[12] 施法中．均匀B样条曲线的几何意义．数值计算与计算机应用．1985．
[13] Farin G. Curves and surfaces for computer aided geometric design: A practical guide.Academic press. 1988
[14] Choi B K. Surface Modeling for CAD/CAM. Elsevier.1991
[15] 蒋大为、李安平，B样条曲线的最小二乘保形光顺逼近．工程数学学报．2000．17
[16] 熊西文．船体型线光顺．国防工业出版社
[17] 樊勇兵、陈宾康 关于曲线光顺性的讨论．船舶工程．1999．3
[18] 程明道．船型生成．船舶工程．1997．2
[19] 冯恩德、席龙飞．船舶设计原理．大连海运学院出版社．1989
[20] 林焰、纪卓尚、戴寅生．船舶型线设计软件系统．软件开发与应用．1995．Vol．1，No．6
[21] 陈建兰、洪涛．基于函数样条的船舶型线的三向光顺的研究杭州电子工业学院学报2002．22
[22] 李俊华、应文烨等．基于CADDS5的船体外板加工样板软件开发中国造船．2002．3
[23] 蒋大为、王方明．保形光顺的样条曲线．航空计算技术．1998 28
[24] 汪希龄．用计算机作船体型线设计．中国造船．1978．Vol．3，No．4
[25] [美]Davis Chapman著．骆长乐译．学用VC++6.0．清华大学出版社．1999
[26] 张金铭．数学船型设计及其三向光顺性．上海交通大学学报．1980．Vol 14，No．3
[27] 谭浩强．C程序设计．清华大学出版社1988
[28] 钱能．C++程序设计教程．清华大学出版社．1999
[29] Pedersen.Einar, Hatling, John Fredrik.Computer integrated ship production Journal of Ship Production. 1997, 13
[30] Sapidis.N, Farin.G. Automatic Fairing Algorithm for B-spline Curves[J]. Computer Aided Design. 1990,22
[31] James V.Valentino. CAD with Computer Vision .CBS HRW U.S.A 1987
[32] Computer Applications in the Automation of Shipyard Operation and Ship Design.1988, 1991, (6)(7)
[33] Abrams, S.L.、Bardis, L., Chryssostomidis C.Geometric modeling and interrogation system praxiteles.Journal of Ship Production. 1995.11
[34] Rogers D F. Fog N G. "Constrained B-Spline Curve and Surface Fitting".ICCAS. 1998
[35] 陈宾康．船舶静力学现代计算法．大连海事大学出版社．1995
[36] Tan. K, T.Bligh. New approach to an integrated CAD method for surface ship design. Naval Engineers Journal. 1998,110(1)
[37] 黄永红等．WINDOWS环境下CAD用户界面的设计与实现．计算机辅助工程。1999(5)
[38] 陈彬等．用ObjectARX开发AutoCAD 2000应用程序．人民邮电出版社，2000
[39] 李世国．AutoCAD高级开发技术ARX编程及应用．机械工业出版社，1999
[40] 何义、石德新、邹劲．船体型线三向光顺系统研究．哈尔滨工程大学学报．Vol．21，No．2
[41] 李于剑．VisualC++与提高—形图像编程篇．中国铁道出版社．2001
[42] 二代龙震工作室，AutoCAD&数据库整合运用实作．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[43] 李世国、潘建忠译．AutoCAD2000 ObjectARX编程指南．机械工业出版社，2000
[44] 王勇毅，船舶建造工艺学．人民交通出版社，1994
[45] 杨永祥、茆文玉、翁士纲．哈尔滨工程大学出版社
[46] 张永生．图形图象软件工程．解放军出版社
[47] 王润生．图形理解国防科技出版社
[48] Aldefeld B. Variation of geometries based on a geometric reasoning method. Computer_Aided Design. 1978,10(3)
[49] Hagen H. Roller D. eds. Geometrics Modeling. Methods and Applications. Springer-Verlag. N. Y. 1991
[50] Choi B k. Surfice Modeling for CAD/CAM.Elsevier.1991
[51] Bohern W. Inserting New Knots into B-Spline curves. Computer Aided Design. 1980,Vol.5,No.12
[52] A Z Qanliyah. A strategy for the construction of customized design libraries for CAD Computer Aided Design. 1995,30.(5).
[53] Tom.Beard. Interpolating Curves. Modern Machine Shop 1997,0(10)
[54] Matthias Eck、Jan Hadenfeld Knot removal for B-spline curves Matthias Eck and Jan Hadenfeld 1995,12(3)
[55] Carl E. Jacobson. Using AutoCAD for descriptive geometry exercises-in undergraduate structural geology. Computers & geosciences. 2001,27(1)
[56] Feature Extraction Software Supports AutoCAD Imaging Notes. 2000,15(2)
[57] Tony.Hotchkiss.Make AutoCAD 2000 do what CADalyst 2000,17(7)
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