激光陀螺的虚拟仿真研究
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摘要
由于环形激光陀螺是目前捷联惯导系统最理想的部件之一，世间各国都投入大量的人力物力对其进行研究，而国内激光陀螺技术与国外先进技术还有较大差距。随着计算机技术和仿真技术的飞速发展，本文将计算机仿真技术运用于激光陀螺的理论研究，对激光陀螺的一些理论现象进行仿真试验，并将虚拟仪器技术运用于仿真中，为激光陀螺的研究开辟了新的途径，对减少研究经费和缩短研究周期具有一定的现实意义。
激光陀螺的核心部件为He-Ne环形激光器，而掌握光与介质的相互作用理论是研究激光器的关键，采用拉姆半经典理论为主，在密度矩阵理论的基础上，推导环形谐振腔中描述He-Ne气体增益介质原子运动的光学布洛赫方程，运用介质极化理论得出描述激光陀螺反向行波的光强、位相所满足的自洽场方程组，在此基础上，运用MATLAB仿真软件和虚拟仪器编程语言LabWindows/CVI，对激光陀螺中的介质增益色散特性、频率牵引效应、烧孔效应及模竞争、闭锁效应及环激光的光强和相位特性进行仿真试验研究，并且运用全量子理论，对激光工作原理进行分析，得出二能级系统单模辐射场的光子数密度分布，得出激光场的光子统计分布，仿真激光场的动态建立过程。
在激光陀螺自洽场方程组的基础上，运用LabWindows/CVI软件建立了灵活方便的激光陀螺仿真平台，并进行仿真试验，仿真试验结果与理论分析很好的相符合，且能够较好地说明陀螺试验现象，即在闭锁阈值附近，由于闭锁效应和模竞争相互影响，使得激光腔中两行波相互关联，光强差随时间呈周期性变化。
As one of the most idealist components in the strap-down inertial navigation system, the ring laser gyro are studied by many countries in the world, but the laser gyro technology in our country are following behind some advanced countries. Along with the latist development of computer technology and simulation technology, in this paper, the computer simulation technology was applied to the theoretical study of ring laser gyro, and do some simulated experiment of some theoretical phenomena, and also applied virtual instrument technology in the simulation, in this way, we can save some time and outlay in studying laser gyro.
The key components in laser gyro is He-Ne ring laser, and the reciprocal action theory between light and medium is the base in studying the ring laser, use the Lamb half classical theory, and on the base of density matrix theory, the optical Brounch equation was established, which described the movement of amplifying medium atom in the ring syntonic cavity, and according to the medium polarize theory the self consistent equations was deduced, which describe the light intensity and phasic of the counter-propagating wave. On the basis of this equations, adopted the simulation software MATLAB and virtual instrument programming language LabWindows/CVI, we can do some simulated experiments in study the phenomenas such as amplify and dispersive characteristic of medium, mode pushing effection, burned hole effection and pattern competition, lock-in of frequency and the characteristic of light intensity and phasic of the counter-propagating wave in laser gyro. Full quanta theory was used in analysis the working principle of laser, educed the photon states of single pattern radiate in two energy-step system, and simulated the establishment of laser mode and statistical distribute of photon.
According to elf consistent equations of RLG; build the simulated program with LabWindows/CVI and do some simulation experiments,The result of simulation matched the theory perfect perfectly and conform to the experiments, the locked-in and pattern competition coursed the periodic light intensity.
激光陀螺的核心部件为He-Ne环形激光器，而掌握光与介质的相互作用理论是研究激光器的关键，采用拉姆半经典理论为主，在密度矩阵理论的基础上，推导环形谐振腔中描述He-Ne气体增益介质原子运动的光学布洛赫方程，运用介质极化理论得出描述激光陀螺反向行波的光强、位相所满足的自洽场方程组，在此基础上，运用MATLAB仿真软件和虚拟仪器编程语言LabWindows/CVI，对激光陀螺中的介质增益色散特性、频率牵引效应、烧孔效应及模竞争、闭锁效应及环激光的光强和相位特性进行仿真试验研究，并且运用全量子理论，对激光工作原理进行分析，得出二能级系统单模辐射场的光子数密度分布，得出激光场的光子统计分布，仿真激光场的动态建立过程。
在激光陀螺自洽场方程组的基础上，运用LabWindows/CVI软件建立了灵活方便的激光陀螺仿真平台，并进行仿真试验，仿真试验结果与理论分析很好的相符合，且能够较好地说明陀螺试验现象，即在闭锁阈值附近，由于闭锁效应和模竞争相互影响，使得激光腔中两行波相互关联，光强差随时间呈周期性变化。
As one of the most idealist components in the strap-down inertial navigation system, the ring laser gyro are studied by many countries in the world, but the laser gyro technology in our country are following behind some advanced countries. Along with the latist development of computer technology and simulation technology, in this paper, the computer simulation technology was applied to the theoretical study of ring laser gyro, and do some simulated experiment of some theoretical phenomena, and also applied virtual instrument technology in the simulation, in this way, we can save some time and outlay in studying laser gyro.
The key components in laser gyro is He-Ne ring laser, and the reciprocal action theory between light and medium is the base in studying the ring laser, use the Lamb half classical theory, and on the base of density matrix theory, the optical Brounch equation was established, which described the movement of amplifying medium atom in the ring syntonic cavity, and according to the medium polarize theory the self consistent equations was deduced, which describe the light intensity and phasic of the counter-propagating wave. On the basis of this equations, adopted the simulation software MATLAB and virtual instrument programming language LabWindows/CVI, we can do some simulated experiments in study the phenomenas such as amplify and dispersive characteristic of medium, mode pushing effection, burned hole effection and pattern competition, lock-in of frequency and the characteristic of light intensity and phasic of the counter-propagating wave in laser gyro. Full quanta theory was used in analysis the working principle of laser, educed the photon states of single pattern radiate in two energy-step system, and simulated the establishment of laser mode and statistical distribute of photon.
According to elf consistent equations of RLG; build the simulated program with LabWindows/CVI and do some simulation experiments,The result of simulation matched the theory perfect perfectly and conform to the experiments, the locked-in and pattern competition coursed the periodic light intensity.
引文
[1] 姜亚南编著．环形激光陀螺．北京：清华大学出版社．1985．8
[2] 郭中秀，于波，陈云相编著．陀螺仪理论及应用．航空工业出版社，1987．10
[3] 钱梅珍，崔一平，杨正名编著．激光物理(第二版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．9
[4] 杨培根，龚智炳等编著．光电惯性技术．北京：兵器工业出版社，1999．9
[5] 李福利编著．高等激光物理．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1992．8
[6] 张毅刚 乔立岩等编著．虚拟仪器软件开发环境LabWindows/CVI6.0编程指南．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．8
[7] 康凤举编著．现代仿真技术与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．9
[8] 马正飞，殷翔编著．数学计算法方法与软件的工程应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．12
[9] 王沫然编著．MATLAB6．0与科学计算．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．9
[10] M. FAUCHEUX, D. FAYOUX, J.J. ROLAND. The ring laser gyro. J. Optics(Paris), 1988, Vol. 19, No. 3, 101～115
[11] V. N. Konkpsky. Optics Communications, Volume 126, Issues 4-6, 1996, Pages236～239
[12] YANGHeng, Frank Bosselman, CHENMing. A Microcomputer System for Automation Mode Sweep of Ring Laser Angular Rate Sensor(Ring Laser Gyro), 1999, CHINESE JOURNALOFLASER, Vol. 8, No. 2, 137～141
[13] Sidney. G. Smith. RING LASER GYROS. Phys Techno. 18. 1987. Printed in the I J K
[14] M. FAUCHEUX, D. FAYOUX, J. J. ROLAND. THE RING LASER GYRO. Optics(Paris), 1988, Vol. 19, No. 3, 101～115
[15] Foredemick Aronowitz, 刘巧光译．美国激光陀螺仪研制报告．惯导与仪表，1997, No. 2, 42～47
[16] 章燕申，郭美凤．环形激光器．惯导与仪表，1999，No．2，42～47
[17] 韩宗虎，冯培德．谐振强参数对激光陀螺性能影响的分析．中国惯性技术学报，2001，Vol．9，No．2，32～38
[18] 郭留河，马冬梅，刘永辉，毕亚军．高精度激光陀螺的物理基础．工科物理，2002，Vol．10，No．4，37～40
[19] 刘巧光，许辅义，滕云鹤，章燕申．环形激光陀螺仪随机误差模型的研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，Vol．39，No．2，71～74
[20] 杨恒，陈明，秦永元，王建培．拟合激光陀螺数学模型的方法研究．航空计测技术，1999，Vol．19，No．2，3～5
[21] 韩宗虎，冯培德．速率偏频技术提高激光陀螺精度的理论研究．中国惯性技术学报，2001，Vol．9，No．2，41～46
[22] 张树侠，闫威．激光陀螺漂移的数据建模和滤波．中国惯性技术学报，1999，Vol．7，No．4，70～72
[23] 杨恒，蒋东方，范东远，陈楸，陈明．虚拟仪器技术及其在激光陀螺稳频控制系统中地应用．测控技术，1998，Vol．17，No．5，33～34
[24] 杨恒，Frank．Bosselman，陈明，秦永元，王建培．应用激光，1998，Vol．18，No．6，241～244
[25] 周世勤．新型惯性技术的发展．飞航导弹，2001，No．6，70～77
[26] 吴国勇，顾启泰，郑辛，田海锋，白长川．环形激光陀螺温度模型．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，Vol．43，No．2，180～183
[27] 郑露滴，汤全安．激光陀螺仪的现状与发展趋势．中国仪器仪表，1995．4
[28] 姜志玲，唐蕾，陈维荣．虚拟仪器的现状和前景．现代电子技术，2002，No．4，49～51
[29] 王承，何志伟，许东芹．虚拟仪器——现代仪器发展的新阶段．测控技术，2001，Vol．20，No．10，9～11
[30] 周群，雷勇，刘连宇．虚拟仪器设计思想及应用．四川联合大学学报，1998，Vol．2，No．2，73～81
[2] 郭中秀，于波，陈云相编著．陀螺仪理论及应用．航空工业出版社，1987．10
[3] 钱梅珍，崔一平，杨正名编著．激光物理(第二版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．9
[4] 杨培根，龚智炳等编著．光电惯性技术．北京：兵器工业出版社，1999．9
[5] 李福利编著．高等激光物理．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1992．8
[6] 张毅刚 乔立岩等编著．虚拟仪器软件开发环境LabWindows/CVI6.0编程指南．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．8
[7] 康凤举编著．现代仿真技术与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．9
[8] 马正飞，殷翔编著．数学计算法方法与软件的工程应用．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．12
[9] 王沫然编著．MATLAB6．0与科学计算．北京：电子工业出版社，2001．9
[10] M. FAUCHEUX, D. FAYOUX, J.J. ROLAND. The ring laser gyro. J. Optics(Paris), 1988, Vol. 19, No. 3, 101～115
[11] V. N. Konkpsky. Optics Communications, Volume 126, Issues 4-6, 1996, Pages236～239
[12] YANGHeng, Frank Bosselman, CHENMing. A Microcomputer System for Automation Mode Sweep of Ring Laser Angular Rate Sensor(Ring Laser Gyro), 1999, CHINESE JOURNALOFLASER, Vol. 8, No. 2, 137～141
[13] Sidney. G. Smith. RING LASER GYROS. Phys Techno. 18. 1987. Printed in the I J K
[14] M. FAUCHEUX, D. FAYOUX, J. J. ROLAND. THE RING LASER GYRO. Optics(Paris), 1988, Vol. 19, No. 3, 101～115
[15] Foredemick Aronowitz, 刘巧光译．美国激光陀螺仪研制报告．惯导与仪表，1997, No. 2, 42～47
[16] 章燕申，郭美凤．环形激光器．惯导与仪表，1999，No．2，42～47
[17] 韩宗虎，冯培德．谐振强参数对激光陀螺性能影响的分析．中国惯性技术学报，2001，Vol．9，No．2，32～38
[18] 郭留河，马冬梅，刘永辉，毕亚军．高精度激光陀螺的物理基础．工科物理，2002，Vol．10，No．4，37～40
[19] 刘巧光，许辅义，滕云鹤，章燕申．环形激光陀螺仪随机误差模型的研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1999，Vol．39，No．2，71～74
[20] 杨恒，陈明，秦永元，王建培．拟合激光陀螺数学模型的方法研究．航空计测技术，1999，Vol．19，No．2，3～5
[21] 韩宗虎，冯培德．速率偏频技术提高激光陀螺精度的理论研究．中国惯性技术学报，2001，Vol．9，No．2，41～46
[22] 张树侠，闫威．激光陀螺漂移的数据建模和滤波．中国惯性技术学报，1999，Vol．7，No．4，70～72
[23] 杨恒，蒋东方，范东远，陈楸，陈明．虚拟仪器技术及其在激光陀螺稳频控制系统中地应用．测控技术，1998，Vol．17，No．5，33～34
[24] 杨恒，Frank．Bosselman，陈明，秦永元，王建培．应用激光，1998，Vol．18，No．6，241～244
[25] 周世勤．新型惯性技术的发展．飞航导弹，2001，No．6，70～77
[26] 吴国勇，顾启泰，郑辛，田海锋，白长川．环形激光陀螺温度模型．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，Vol．43，No．2，180～183
[27] 郑露滴，汤全安．激光陀螺仪的现状与发展趋势．中国仪器仪表，1995．4
[28] 姜志玲，唐蕾，陈维荣．虚拟仪器的现状和前景．现代电子技术，2002，No．4，49～51
[29] 王承，何志伟，许东芹．虚拟仪器——现代仪器发展的新阶段．测控技术，2001，Vol．20，No．10，9～11
[30] 周群，雷勇，刘连宇．虚拟仪器设计思想及应用．四川联合大学学报，1998，Vol．2，No．2，73～81
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