叶片锻件型面检测的研究
|
摘要
传统的叶片锻件检测方法,对于叶片锻件的检测存在检测时间长、检测精度不高、检测不方便等不足之处。随着计算机技术、检测技术以及图形学等学科的发展,逆向工程技术得到了广泛的应用。本文旨在研究逆向工程相关技术的基础之上,利用逆向工程技术实现对叶片锻件的数字化检测,并通过检测数据完成对锻压模具的调整,从而解决现有检测方法存在的缺陷。
本文首先在研究了逆向工程中常用的数据采集方法的基础之上,采用了改造后的双目CCD光栅投影技术实现对叶片锻件的数据采集工作。其次,根据工厂叶片锻件检测的实际要求,利用遗传算法实现了叶片锻件的测量数据与CAD模型的配准,并通过建立参考球、初始定位和提取轮廓控制点的方法对配准过程进行了加速。第三,利用Geomagic软件对定位好的叶片锻件数据进行了型面和型线的分析,获得了型线的相关检测数据。最后,通过叶片锻件的型线检测数据,给出了叶片锻压模具的调整步骤和调整方法,完成了对锻压模具的调整工作。
以型号为SK57-3的叶片锻件为例,验证了本文提出的所有方法。本文的方法解决了在工厂实际生产中,对于叶片锻件检测存在的时间长、效率低、精度低的弊端。
There are many disadvantages for traditional approaches to inspect the blade forging, such as longer consuming time, lower inspection precision and inconvenient inspection. With the development of modern technologies including computer, inspection technology and computer graphics, the reverse engineering technology has been widely applied in many fields. The goal of this thesis is to realize the digital inspection of blade forging based on the reverse engineering. The inspection data is benefit for the adjustment of forging and stamping mold, and for avoiding the disadvantages of the present inspection methods.
Firstly, based on the data measurement methods of the reverse engineering , the reconstruction of projecting measurement equipment of both eyes CCD and optical grating is conducted to solve the problems of the measure data for high temperature blade forging. Secondly, according to the real inspection of blade forging in the factories, the genetic algorithm is used to precisely predict the registration of measurement data for blade forging and CAD model. The speed of registration is enhanced by the construction of reference ball, registration of initial location and extraction of outline control points. Thirdly, the blade forging line data of after registration is analyzed by Geomagic software acquiring the inspection data on line. Finally, according to the above data, the adjustment of steps and methods of forging and stamping mold are proposed to establish the adjustment of forging and stamping mold.
The theoretical methods from this thesis were verified by the application of blade forging for SK57-3.The experimental data are agreement with the predicted mathematical results. The methods presented in this thesis provide some insights to solve the deficiencies which appears in the factories such as longer consuming time, lower efficiency and precision.
本文首先在研究了逆向工程中常用的数据采集方法的基础之上,采用了改造后的双目CCD光栅投影技术实现对叶片锻件的数据采集工作。其次,根据工厂叶片锻件检测的实际要求,利用遗传算法实现了叶片锻件的测量数据与CAD模型的配准,并通过建立参考球、初始定位和提取轮廓控制点的方法对配准过程进行了加速。第三,利用Geomagic软件对定位好的叶片锻件数据进行了型面和型线的分析,获得了型线的相关检测数据。最后,通过叶片锻件的型线检测数据,给出了叶片锻压模具的调整步骤和调整方法,完成了对锻压模具的调整工作。
以型号为SK57-3的叶片锻件为例,验证了本文提出的所有方法。本文的方法解决了在工厂实际生产中,对于叶片锻件检测存在的时间长、效率低、精度低的弊端。
There are many disadvantages for traditional approaches to inspect the blade forging, such as longer consuming time, lower inspection precision and inconvenient inspection. With the development of modern technologies including computer, inspection technology and computer graphics, the reverse engineering technology has been widely applied in many fields. The goal of this thesis is to realize the digital inspection of blade forging based on the reverse engineering. The inspection data is benefit for the adjustment of forging and stamping mold, and for avoiding the disadvantages of the present inspection methods.
Firstly, based on the data measurement methods of the reverse engineering , the reconstruction of projecting measurement equipment of both eyes CCD and optical grating is conducted to solve the problems of the measure data for high temperature blade forging. Secondly, according to the real inspection of blade forging in the factories, the genetic algorithm is used to precisely predict the registration of measurement data for blade forging and CAD model. The speed of registration is enhanced by the construction of reference ball, registration of initial location and extraction of outline control points. Thirdly, the blade forging line data of after registration is analyzed by Geomagic software acquiring the inspection data on line. Finally, according to the above data, the adjustment of steps and methods of forging and stamping mold are proposed to establish the adjustment of forging and stamping mold.
The theoretical methods from this thesis were verified by the application of blade forging for SK57-3.The experimental data are agreement with the predicted mathematical results. The methods presented in this thesis provide some insights to solve the deficiencies which appears in the factories such as longer consuming time, lower efficiency and precision.
引文
1.刘艳等.叶片制造技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
2.单云,吴斌.K11C64A材料叶片锻件热处理工艺[J].新技术新工艺.2008:61-62
3.金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
4.赵毅,王明辉等.热态锻件结构光三维测量技术[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(增刊):125-128
5.杭志斌,潘景升.锻件热态直径自动测量系统的研究[J].现代计量测试,1994,1(4):23-26
6.刘福才,史宝森,徐国凯.单片机控制的大型锻件激光定尺系统[J].机械业自动化.2000,22 (1):53-55
7.聂绍珉,唐景林,郭宝锋.基于CCD的大型锻件尺寸测量研究[J].塑性工程学报.2005,12(增刊):85-88
8.王志凌.基于双CCD的大锻件尺寸测量的实验研究[D]:硕士学位论文.秦皇岛:燕山大学电气工程学院,2006
9.Z.Y.Zhang.Iterative Point Matching for Registration of Free-Form Curves and Surfaces[J].Computer Vision.1994,13(2):119-152
10.Li,QDandGriffithsJ.G..IterativeClosestGeometric Objects Registration[J].Computers and Mathematics with applications. 2000,40: 1171-1188
11.Chen Y Medioni G.. Object Modelling by Registration of Multiple Range Images[J].proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.1991:2724-2729
12.Mihailo R and Djordje B.Efficient registration of NURBS geometry Image and Vision Computing[J].1997,(15):925-935
13.马骊溟,姜虹,贠敏,王小椿.大型复杂曲面类测量数据加工定位的全局优化算法[J].系统仿真学报.2005,17(4):825-830
14.金涛,单岩,童水光.实物测量造型中的测量数据重定位方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2001,13(4):315-318
15.张瑞乾.逆向工程中对测量数据进行重定位的研究[J].烟台大学学报.2004,17(1):55-58
16.张学昌,习俊通,严隽琪等.基于遗传算法的点云数据与CAD模型坐标归一化研究[J].系统仿真学报.2006,18(9):2497-2500
17.严思杰,周云飞,彭芳瑜等.大型复杂曲面零件加工余量均布优化问题研究[J].华中科技大学学报.2002,30(10):35-37
18.郭慧,潘家祯,林大钧.基于实数编码的多种群遗传算法的点云配准[J].华东理工大学学报.2007,33(5):733-736
19.潘伟,赵毅.采用光栅投影的三维测量方法[J].光电工程.2003,30(2):28-31
20.巩绪庆,达飞鹏等.光栅投影三维测量在逆向工程中的应用[J].测控技术.2003,22(7):51-53
21.潘伟,赵毅.采用光栅投影的三维测量方法[J].光电工程,2003,30(2):28-31
22.张健新,段发阶,叶声华.双目传感器结构优化设计[J].光电工程.1996,23(3):12-17
23.元利伟,赵毅,邢渊,李明辉.面向层析测量反求工程的自由曲面轮廓集分割技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2003,15(5):626-630
24.元利伟,张必强,赵毅,邢渊,李明辉.快速原型加工过程的计算机仿真[J].上海交通大学学报.2002,36(7):934-937
25.赵毅.结构光三维扫描技术及其在汽车连杆成形中的应用研究[R]:博士后研究工作报告.吉林大学,2007
26.郑军,刘正文等.基于最小误差逼近的轮廓特征点提取[J].清华大学学报.2008,48(2):165-168
27.Wen-Yen Wu,An adaptive method for detecting dominant points[J].Pattern Recognition,2003,36(10):2231-2237
28.丁险峰,吴洪,张宏江等.形状匹配综述[J].自动化学报.2001,27(5):678-689
29.刘振凯,陈剑虹,乔志林等.层去图像法反求工程中的数据处理[J].中国机械工程2000,11(8):236-239
30.Su BQ and Liu DY,Computational geometry---curve and surface modeling[J].New York Academic Press,1989
31.G.H.Liu,Y.S.Wong,Y.F.Zhang,et al,Adaptive fairing of digitized point data with discrete curvature[J].Computer Aided Design,2002,34(4),309-320
32.刘晶.叶片数字化检测中的模型配准技术及应用研究[D]:博士论文.西安:西北工业大学,2006
33.沈晋慧.遗传算法在医学图像配准技术中的应用[J].首都医科大学学报.2003,24(1):30-32
34.程俊延,赵灿等.基于参考点和ICP算法的点云数据重定位研究[J].计算机测量与控制2006,14(9):1222-1224.
35.王小平,曹立明.遗传算法---理论应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002
36.王国锐.遗传算法及其在图像拼接中的应用[D]:硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学,2006
37.孙家广.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005
38.璩柏青,许社教等.计算机图形学[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
39.刘晶,张定华,赵歆波.一种快速计算空间点到STL模型距离的方法[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(3):271-274
40.同济大学.高等数学[M].同济大学数学系,2003
41.雷英杰,张善文等.Matlab遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2006
42.陈非凡,强锡富.汽轮机叶片叶型测量综述[J].航空计测技术,1995,15(3):3-4
43.陈福兴,张秋菊.基于UG的叶片型面质量评估[J].工具技术,2006,40:66-68
44.陈志华,张定华等.基于测量数据的叶片截面特征参数提取[J].科学技术与工程,2007,7(9):1972-1975
45.陈满意,李斌,段正澄.叶片零件测量数据余量分布优化问题研究[J].机械科学与技术.2006,25(2):246-248
46.王乐安.关于航空叶片锻造工艺及其设备技术改造的建议[J].材料工程.1990, 9(5):4-7
47.王开全.汽轮机叶片精密模锻技术CAD与CAE研究[D]:硕士论文.秦皇岛:燕山大学,2004
48.洪介林.谈谈我厂锻压模具的标准化[J].
49.王汉忠.锻压模具的堆焊修理[J].
2.单云,吴斌.K11C64A材料叶片锻件热处理工艺[J].新技术新工艺.2008:61-62
3.金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
4.赵毅,王明辉等.热态锻件结构光三维测量技术[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(增刊):125-128
5.杭志斌,潘景升.锻件热态直径自动测量系统的研究[J].现代计量测试,1994,1(4):23-26
6.刘福才,史宝森,徐国凯.单片机控制的大型锻件激光定尺系统[J].机械业自动化.2000,22 (1):53-55
7.聂绍珉,唐景林,郭宝锋.基于CCD的大型锻件尺寸测量研究[J].塑性工程学报.2005,12(增刊):85-88
8.王志凌.基于双CCD的大锻件尺寸测量的实验研究[D]:硕士学位论文.秦皇岛:燕山大学电气工程学院,2006
9.Z.Y.Zhang.Iterative Point Matching for Registration of Free-Form Curves and Surfaces[J].Computer Vision.1994,13(2):119-152
10.Li,QDandGriffithsJ.G..IterativeClosestGeometric Objects Registration[J].Computers and Mathematics with applications. 2000,40: 1171-1188
11.Chen Y Medioni G.. Object Modelling by Registration of Multiple Range Images[J].proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.1991:2724-2729
12.Mihailo R and Djordje B.Efficient registration of NURBS geometry Image and Vision Computing[J].1997,(15):925-935
13.马骊溟,姜虹,贠敏,王小椿.大型复杂曲面类测量数据加工定位的全局优化算法[J].系统仿真学报.2005,17(4):825-830
14.金涛,单岩,童水光.实物测量造型中的测量数据重定位方法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2001,13(4):315-318
15.张瑞乾.逆向工程中对测量数据进行重定位的研究[J].烟台大学学报.2004,17(1):55-58
16.张学昌,习俊通,严隽琪等.基于遗传算法的点云数据与CAD模型坐标归一化研究[J].系统仿真学报.2006,18(9):2497-2500
17.严思杰,周云飞,彭芳瑜等.大型复杂曲面零件加工余量均布优化问题研究[J].华中科技大学学报.2002,30(10):35-37
18.郭慧,潘家祯,林大钧.基于实数编码的多种群遗传算法的点云配准[J].华东理工大学学报.2007,33(5):733-736
19.潘伟,赵毅.采用光栅投影的三维测量方法[J].光电工程.2003,30(2):28-31
20.巩绪庆,达飞鹏等.光栅投影三维测量在逆向工程中的应用[J].测控技术.2003,22(7):51-53
21.潘伟,赵毅.采用光栅投影的三维测量方法[J].光电工程,2003,30(2):28-31
22.张健新,段发阶,叶声华.双目传感器结构优化设计[J].光电工程.1996,23(3):12-17
23.元利伟,赵毅,邢渊,李明辉.面向层析测量反求工程的自由曲面轮廓集分割技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2003,15(5):626-630
24.元利伟,张必强,赵毅,邢渊,李明辉.快速原型加工过程的计算机仿真[J].上海交通大学学报.2002,36(7):934-937
25.赵毅.结构光三维扫描技术及其在汽车连杆成形中的应用研究[R]:博士后研究工作报告.吉林大学,2007
26.郑军,刘正文等.基于最小误差逼近的轮廓特征点提取[J].清华大学学报.2008,48(2):165-168
27.Wen-Yen Wu,An adaptive method for detecting dominant points[J].Pattern Recognition,2003,36(10):2231-2237
28.丁险峰,吴洪,张宏江等.形状匹配综述[J].自动化学报.2001,27(5):678-689
29.刘振凯,陈剑虹,乔志林等.层去图像法反求工程中的数据处理[J].中国机械工程2000,11(8):236-239
30.Su BQ and Liu DY,Computational geometry---curve and surface modeling[J].New York Academic Press,1989
31.G.H.Liu,Y.S.Wong,Y.F.Zhang,et al,Adaptive fairing of digitized point data with discrete curvature[J].Computer Aided Design,2002,34(4),309-320
32.刘晶.叶片数字化检测中的模型配准技术及应用研究[D]:博士论文.西安:西北工业大学,2006
33.沈晋慧.遗传算法在医学图像配准技术中的应用[J].首都医科大学学报.2003,24(1):30-32
34.程俊延,赵灿等.基于参考点和ICP算法的点云数据重定位研究[J].计算机测量与控制2006,14(9):1222-1224.
35.王小平,曹立明.遗传算法---理论应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002
36.王国锐.遗传算法及其在图像拼接中的应用[D]:硕士论文.武汉:华中科技大学,2006
37.孙家广.计算机图形学[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005
38.璩柏青,许社教等.计算机图形学[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2003
39.刘晶,张定华,赵歆波.一种快速计算空间点到STL模型距离的方法[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(3):271-274
40.同济大学.高等数学[M].同济大学数学系,2003
41.雷英杰,张善文等.Matlab遗传算法工具箱及应用[M].西安电子科技大学出版社.2006
42.陈非凡,强锡富.汽轮机叶片叶型测量综述[J].航空计测技术,1995,15(3):3-4
43.陈福兴,张秋菊.基于UG的叶片型面质量评估[J].工具技术,2006,40:66-68
44.陈志华,张定华等.基于测量数据的叶片截面特征参数提取[J].科学技术与工程,2007,7(9):1972-1975
45.陈满意,李斌,段正澄.叶片零件测量数据余量分布优化问题研究[J].机械科学与技术.2006,25(2):246-248
46.王乐安.关于航空叶片锻造工艺及其设备技术改造的建议[J].材料工程.1990, 9(5):4-7
47.王开全.汽轮机叶片精密模锻技术CAD与CAE研究[D]:硕士论文.秦皇岛:燕山大学,2004
48.洪介林.谈谈我厂锻压模具的标准化[J].
49.王汉忠.锻压模具的堆焊修理[J].