基于VIETS的类VXI总线研究与开发
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摘要
虚拟仪器技术促使仪器向多功能、高精度、高集成化方向发展。吉林大学自主研发的实验教学系统(VIETS)引入虚拟仪器技术,并应用于高校教学中,以达到提高实验效率与质量的目的。本文以构建低成本、高效率的VXI总线系统为研究目标,以解决VIETS稳定性等问题为出发点,参考VXI、USBTMC规范并借鉴以往开发经验,制定出类VXI总线规范。该规范基于VIETS平台设计总线接口和消息基传输协议,实现数据传输总线(DTB)的功能。利用SignalTapⅡ技术,完成VIETS、类VXI总线及其极限传输能力的测试;利用数字化迟滞比较器和软触发功能,解决示波器触发不稳和直流信号无触发的问题;利用固化硬件校正表,解决批量化产品准确性的问题,并提出FPGA校正曲线多项式算法硬件化的设计方案。新增DDS信号发生器的变频功能,并改善其任意波形控制能力。改良后的VIETS,已用于本科实验教学中。
Virtual instrument technology being more widely applied, automatic test system bus technology being more mature, and computer software and hardware platforms upgrading faster,all these make the instruments developing towards multi-function, high-precision, highly integrated. The instrument bus system based on computer bus technology provides a general development platform, and it is used for equipment testing tasks, which is highly integrated, modularized, distributed and so on. Virtual instrument software technology has changed the traditional concept of the design of equipment, and the software-based algorithms takes the place of the traditional complex hardware-based technique with the development of digital signal processing. Virtual instrument technology is introduced into the laboratory, and constructs the experiment system integrated by signal generating, data acquisition, analyzing and processing. This system could realize the user-defined instrument function, and it can realize not only the purpose that one system replaces a variety of equipment, but also the function that the traditional teaching equipment do not have, improving the teaching efficiency and quality.
VIETS is Virtual Instrument Education Test System which is independently researched by Jilin University and used for the experimental teaching in colleges. The modularized design, the reconfigurable hardware and the low-cost user-defined bus provide the cost-effective experimental testing platform for the engineering colleges and universities. This paper based on the system’s software and hardware platform researches the VXI bus and develops its corresponding functions.
Constructing low-cost and high-efficiency VXI bus system is the driving force of this study, the starting point is to solve the shortages of VIETS, and the focus is to study the VXI bus transform technology and functional board instability. Using VIETS platform, with reference to its developmental experience, the specifications of VXI and VME bus, and USBTMC transfer protocol specification, the specification of class VXI bus is set down. The specification lists mechanism, bus systems and communications three aspects, and it provides the basis for the design and realization of the bus interface and bus transmission protocol. The transitional specification for studying the standard VXI bus focuses on VXI bus basic data transmission (DTB) function combined with VIETS single controller design features without limiting performance, which is the simplified specification of VXI bus features. Thus, the specification of class VXI bus and the VIETS platform are based on for studying the design and implementation of bus interface and transmission protocol.
Bus interface focuses on the external VXI-bus controller and board bus interface and designs related modules depending on MCU and FPGA. The design contains host module, slave module, timing module and triggering module related to the bus specification, including subsidiary functional modules such as MCU signal conditioning, signal registers of the class VXI bus, the local overall clock module and so on. Design of special registers control makes the bus get full address addressability, and the multi-layer logic structure hardware is more conducive to system upgrading.
During the study of the bus-transmission protocol, what are focused on are the design and implementation of the backplane bus-transmission protocol and the message-base transmission. Backplane transmission protocol is to study coordination and dependence on the design of the VME, VXI, and the transformation of control protocol, and to achieve the DTB transmission capabilities about D8, D16 and A16, including a single reading and writing operation, block reading and writing operations and only addressing operational capacity. Shaking hand methods with asynchronous communication solves the possible data loss problem between high and low speed devices. Message-base transmission protocol presents the design of the long and short transmission of information capability in detail, through adding accessing endpoint information function, which solves the issue of the system waiting until death. Briefly introduce the design and implementation about modularized instrument drivers, taking the triggering source control of oscilloscope as an example.
Compare VIETS personal bus, VXI bus and class VXI bus on mechanical structure, bus system and communication protocol. The class-VXI-bus is transplanted into the oscilloscope board and the control board to complete the development of the class-VXI-bus. SignalTap technology could complete the transmission performance testing tasks between VIETS and the class-VXI-bus and gets utmost transmission capacity, about 15MBps~20MBps, of the class-VXI-bus based on VIETS. The current bus transmission rate of VIETS is 570kBps, while the speed of class-VXI-bus is only 140kBps~710kBps, proving VIETS is faster than class-VXI-bus on average. Therefore, registers, MCU performances and the control process need continually improving to elevate the VXI bus transmission capacity.
To the problems of function boards in the process of experiments, the paper has given the corresponding solutions. For example, the problems about oscilloscope triggering instability and DC signals having no triggering have been solved by digital hysteretic comparator and soft triggering program in the paper, which is characterized by no hardware replacement. To issues of difficult correction about the oscilloscope mass production, this paper presents the hardware embedded calibration tables, which is characterized by using FPGA technology to make calibration curve polynomial algorithm hardware. To the issue on the system improvement, this paper supplies an additional frequency signal generator and improves the arbitrary ware emission control function. After 18 times, more than three hours of instrument’s multi-operation at the same time is spent each time, finding that the improved VIETS no longer waits until death and the triggering is stability, so the equipment meets the design requirements.
This paper is divided into seven chapters. Here are major elements:
Chapter 1 introduction: Summary of virtual instrument technology, leading VIETS out. Analyze thesis research significance and determine the main research.
Chapter 2 class-VXI-bus specification-setting: Defines the class-VXI-bus specification from three categories of mechanism, bus systems and communication protocols, referring to VIETS, VXI bus system and specifications.
Chapter 3 the design and implementation of class-VXI-bus interface functions: Details the design and realization of external class-VXI-bus controller and the bus interface of equipment board after introduction of the total interface design.
Chapter 4 design and implementation of class-VXI-bus transmission protocol: Details the design and realization of backplane bus and message-base transmission protocol and briefly explains the design and implementation of the modularized instrument drivers after introduction of the whole transmission protocol.
Chapter 5 the comparative study and performance tests of instrument bus: Focuses on VIETS and class-VXI-bus’s VME transmission performance measurement from mechanism, bus systems and communication protocols three aspects, compares VIETS, VXI and class-VXI-bus, and completes the test transmission utmost capacity.
Chapter 6 improved design and implementation of modularized instruments: The digital hysteretic comparator solves the oscilloscope triggering instability problem and the soft triggering method solves the DC signals having no triggering. It puts forward correction methods and hardware data corrections design, designs and achieves frequency and arbitrary wave control modules, which gives improved equipment experimental results.
Chapter 7 the summary of this paper: Sums up the results of studying the class-VXI-bus, and lists the recommendations about bus researching and system updating.
Inheriting the reconfigurable design concept of VIETS, this paper introduces improving the performance of the user-defined bus systems, developing and maintaining 15 sets of education system, which work stably for a long time, and completing undergraduate education mission. The research of the class-VXI-bus specification and the design of related modules not only lays the foundation for further study, and makes VIETS user-defined instrument bus more standard, but also provides students with cost-effective learning platform.
Virtual instrument technology being more widely applied, automatic test system bus technology being more mature, and computer software and hardware platforms upgrading faster,all these make the instruments developing towards multi-function, high-precision, highly integrated. The instrument bus system based on computer bus technology provides a general development platform, and it is used for equipment testing tasks, which is highly integrated, modularized, distributed and so on. Virtual instrument software technology has changed the traditional concept of the design of equipment, and the software-based algorithms takes the place of the traditional complex hardware-based technique with the development of digital signal processing. Virtual instrument technology is introduced into the laboratory, and constructs the experiment system integrated by signal generating, data acquisition, analyzing and processing. This system could realize the user-defined instrument function, and it can realize not only the purpose that one system replaces a variety of equipment, but also the function that the traditional teaching equipment do not have, improving the teaching efficiency and quality.
VIETS is Virtual Instrument Education Test System which is independently researched by Jilin University and used for the experimental teaching in colleges. The modularized design, the reconfigurable hardware and the low-cost user-defined bus provide the cost-effective experimental testing platform for the engineering colleges and universities. This paper based on the system’s software and hardware platform researches the VXI bus and develops its corresponding functions.
Constructing low-cost and high-efficiency VXI bus system is the driving force of this study, the starting point is to solve the shortages of VIETS, and the focus is to study the VXI bus transform technology and functional board instability. Using VIETS platform, with reference to its developmental experience, the specifications of VXI and VME bus, and USBTMC transfer protocol specification, the specification of class VXI bus is set down. The specification lists mechanism, bus systems and communications three aspects, and it provides the basis for the design and realization of the bus interface and bus transmission protocol. The transitional specification for studying the standard VXI bus focuses on VXI bus basic data transmission (DTB) function combined with VIETS single controller design features without limiting performance, which is the simplified specification of VXI bus features. Thus, the specification of class VXI bus and the VIETS platform are based on for studying the design and implementation of bus interface and transmission protocol.
Bus interface focuses on the external VXI-bus controller and board bus interface and designs related modules depending on MCU and FPGA. The design contains host module, slave module, timing module and triggering module related to the bus specification, including subsidiary functional modules such as MCU signal conditioning, signal registers of the class VXI bus, the local overall clock module and so on. Design of special registers control makes the bus get full address addressability, and the multi-layer logic structure hardware is more conducive to system upgrading.
During the study of the bus-transmission protocol, what are focused on are the design and implementation of the backplane bus-transmission protocol and the message-base transmission. Backplane transmission protocol is to study coordination and dependence on the design of the VME, VXI, and the transformation of control protocol, and to achieve the DTB transmission capabilities about D8, D16 and A16, including a single reading and writing operation, block reading and writing operations and only addressing operational capacity. Shaking hand methods with asynchronous communication solves the possible data loss problem between high and low speed devices. Message-base transmission protocol presents the design of the long and short transmission of information capability in detail, through adding accessing endpoint information function, which solves the issue of the system waiting until death. Briefly introduce the design and implementation about modularized instrument drivers, taking the triggering source control of oscilloscope as an example.
Compare VIETS personal bus, VXI bus and class VXI bus on mechanical structure, bus system and communication protocol. The class-VXI-bus is transplanted into the oscilloscope board and the control board to complete the development of the class-VXI-bus. SignalTap technology could complete the transmission performance testing tasks between VIETS and the class-VXI-bus and gets utmost transmission capacity, about 15MBps~20MBps, of the class-VXI-bus based on VIETS. The current bus transmission rate of VIETS is 570kBps, while the speed of class-VXI-bus is only 140kBps~710kBps, proving VIETS is faster than class-VXI-bus on average. Therefore, registers, MCU performances and the control process need continually improving to elevate the VXI bus transmission capacity.
To the problems of function boards in the process of experiments, the paper has given the corresponding solutions. For example, the problems about oscilloscope triggering instability and DC signals having no triggering have been solved by digital hysteretic comparator and soft triggering program in the paper, which is characterized by no hardware replacement. To issues of difficult correction about the oscilloscope mass production, this paper presents the hardware embedded calibration tables, which is characterized by using FPGA technology to make calibration curve polynomial algorithm hardware. To the issue on the system improvement, this paper supplies an additional frequency signal generator and improves the arbitrary ware emission control function. After 18 times, more than three hours of instrument’s multi-operation at the same time is spent each time, finding that the improved VIETS no longer waits until death and the triggering is stability, so the equipment meets the design requirements.
This paper is divided into seven chapters. Here are major elements:
Chapter 1 introduction: Summary of virtual instrument technology, leading VIETS out. Analyze thesis research significance and determine the main research.
Chapter 2 class-VXI-bus specification-setting: Defines the class-VXI-bus specification from three categories of mechanism, bus systems and communication protocols, referring to VIETS, VXI bus system and specifications.
Chapter 3 the design and implementation of class-VXI-bus interface functions: Details the design and realization of external class-VXI-bus controller and the bus interface of equipment board after introduction of the total interface design.
Chapter 4 design and implementation of class-VXI-bus transmission protocol: Details the design and realization of backplane bus and message-base transmission protocol and briefly explains the design and implementation of the modularized instrument drivers after introduction of the whole transmission protocol.
Chapter 5 the comparative study and performance tests of instrument bus: Focuses on VIETS and class-VXI-bus’s VME transmission performance measurement from mechanism, bus systems and communication protocols three aspects, compares VIETS, VXI and class-VXI-bus, and completes the test transmission utmost capacity.
Chapter 6 improved design and implementation of modularized instruments: The digital hysteretic comparator solves the oscilloscope triggering instability problem and the soft triggering method solves the DC signals having no triggering. It puts forward correction methods and hardware data corrections design, designs and achieves frequency and arbitrary wave control modules, which gives improved equipment experimental results.
Chapter 7 the summary of this paper: Sums up the results of studying the class-VXI-bus, and lists the recommendations about bus researching and system updating.
Inheriting the reconfigurable design concept of VIETS, this paper introduces improving the performance of the user-defined bus systems, developing and maintaining 15 sets of education system, which work stably for a long time, and completing undergraduate education mission. The research of the class-VXI-bus specification and the design of related modules not only lays the foundation for further study, and makes VIETS user-defined instrument bus more standard, but also provides students with cost-effective learning platform.
引文
[1] 林君,谢宣松等. 虚拟仪器原理及应用. 科学出版社. 2006.8 第一版: 1~20
[2] 赵会兵. 虚拟仪器技术规范与系统集成. 清华大学出版社,北方交通大学出版社. 2003.8 第一版: 18~86
[3] 张重雄. 虚拟仪器技术分析与设计. 电子工业出版社. 2007 第一版: 1~74
[4] 张毅刚. 自动测试系统. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 2001.9 第一版: 1~193
[5] 韦建荣. 可重构测控系统的研究与设计. 吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2006.10: 1~67
[6] 张毅刚,曲春波,赵玉莲,李琼. VXI 总线即插即用规范. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 1999.12第一版: 1~43
[7] 陈光礻禹 . VXI 总线测试平台技术. 电子科技大学出版社. 1996.10 第一版: 8~163, 236~334
[8] 李行善,左毅,孙杰. 自动测试系统集成技术. 电子工业出版社. 2004.6: 1~374
[9] LXI Consortium. LXI Standard Rev.1.1. August 28 2006: 12~21
[10] LXI Consortium. LXI Sync Interface Specification Revision 1.0. September 23 2005: 7~8
[11] Usb Association. Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification (USBTMC) Revision 1.0. April 14 2003: 1~34
[12] Usb Association. Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Subclass USB488 Specification (USBTMC-USB488) Revision 1.0. April 14 2003: 1~9
[13] 中国航天工业总公司. VME 总线系统规范. 中国航天工业总公司第七 0 八研究所出版发行. QJ2953-1997: 1~216
[14] 中国计算机自动测量与控制技术协会编译. VXI 总线测试系统. 宇航出版社. 1992.7: 1~175
[15] 王杰. VME 总线工控机系统及其应用. 学苑出版社. 1994.1 第一版: 6~94
[16] 刘显庆,刘仁普. 微机总线规范—VESA PCI EISA VME. 机械工业出版社. 1995.9 第一版: 33~55
[17] INICORE Inc. VME Slave Controller A32-D32 Version 2.1. www.interfacebus.com: 1~14
[18] Paolo Musico. VME64xSlave Interface IP Core Specifications Rev.0.1. December 1 2005: 1~13
[19] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for VME64. April 10 1995: 1~70
[20] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for VME64 Extensions. October 7 1998: 6
[21] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for IP Modules. July 16 1996: 7~15
[22] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for IP I/O Mapping to VME64xm. March 3 1998: 1~9
[23] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for VME64 Extensions for Physics and Other Applications. March 22 1999: 1~9
[24] VXIbus Consortium. System Specification Revision 3.0. November 24 2003: 1~212
[25] VXIplug&play Systems Alliance. VPP-2 System Frameworks Specification Revision 4.2. March 17 2000: Section1 and Section2
[26] VXIplug&play Systems Alliance. VPP-4.3 the VISA Library Revision 2.2. March 17 2000: Section1 and Section2
[27] SCPI Consortium. Standard commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) Version 1999.0. May 1999: Chapter1 91
[28] 刘刚. 1394-VXI 零槽资源管理器的硬件设计. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2002.3.9: 16~33
[29] 徐亮. GPIB-VXI 零槽资源管理器研究. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2001.2: 6~10
[30] 李立华. VXI 内嵌式控制器的研究. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2001.2: 2~36
[31] 丁二华. VXI 总线串行控制器研制. 哈尔滨工业大学. 硕士论文. 2006.06: 11~42
[32] 赵秉袆. PXI 总线数字化仪研制. 哈尔滨工业大学. 硕士论文. 2006.06: 26~49
[33] 魏云龙. 基于 VXI 总线的多通道高速数据此案及模块的研制. 南京理工大学. 硕士论文. 2002.3: 5~17
[34] 霍晓敏. USB-GPIB 转接器功能函数的设计及实现. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2004.5: 5~10
[35] 姜成航. 基于 USBTMC 协议的 USB 接口虚拟仪器的研究. 大连理工大学. 硕士论文. 2005.06: 1~47
[36] Cyress Inc. The datasheet of CY7C68013A EZ-USB FX2LP USB Microcontroller. September 27 2005: 1~59
[37] 吴继华,王诚. Alter FPGA/CPLD 设计(高级篇). 人民邮电出版社. 2005.7 第一版: 1~79
[38] 王诚,吴继华,范丽珍,薛宁,薛小刚. Alter FPGA/CPLD 设计(基础篇). 人民邮电出版社. 2005.7 第一版: 157~160
[39] Sanjit K Mitra. Digital Signal Processing —A Computer-based Second Edition. McGraw-Hill and Tsinghua University Press. 2001.9: 229~310
[40] Anritsu Corporation. MS4630B Network Analyzer Operation Manual Vol.1 Panel Operation. Anritsu Corporation. 1999 Fourth Edition: Section 8-1~Section 8-9
[41] Cyress Inc. User Guide for EZ-USB Control Panel. Cyress Inc. Version 2.61. 2002: 1~8
[42] Cyress Inc. EZ-USB Xcelerator Development Kit Content and Tutorials. Cyress Inc. 2007: 1~59
[43] 王新民,术洪亮. 工程数学——计算方法. 高等教育出版社. 2005.1 第一版: 30~48
[44] 侯国平,叶齐鑫. LabVIEW7.1 编程与虚拟仪器设计. 清华大学出版社. 2005.2 第一版: 34~240
[2] 赵会兵. 虚拟仪器技术规范与系统集成. 清华大学出版社,北方交通大学出版社. 2003.8 第一版: 18~86
[3] 张重雄. 虚拟仪器技术分析与设计. 电子工业出版社. 2007 第一版: 1~74
[4] 张毅刚. 自动测试系统. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 2001.9 第一版: 1~193
[5] 韦建荣. 可重构测控系统的研究与设计. 吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2006.10: 1~67
[6] 张毅刚,曲春波,赵玉莲,李琼. VXI 总线即插即用规范. 哈尔滨工业大学出版社. 1999.12第一版: 1~43
[7] 陈光礻禹 . VXI 总线测试平台技术. 电子科技大学出版社. 1996.10 第一版: 8~163, 236~334
[8] 李行善,左毅,孙杰. 自动测试系统集成技术. 电子工业出版社. 2004.6: 1~374
[9] LXI Consortium. LXI Standard Rev.1.1. August 28 2006: 12~21
[10] LXI Consortium. LXI Sync Interface Specification Revision 1.0. September 23 2005: 7~8
[11] Usb Association. Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Specification (USBTMC) Revision 1.0. April 14 2003: 1~34
[12] Usb Association. Universal Serial Bus Test and Measurement Class Subclass USB488 Specification (USBTMC-USB488) Revision 1.0. April 14 2003: 1~9
[13] 中国航天工业总公司. VME 总线系统规范. 中国航天工业总公司第七 0 八研究所出版发行. QJ2953-1997: 1~216
[14] 中国计算机自动测量与控制技术协会编译. VXI 总线测试系统. 宇航出版社. 1992.7: 1~175
[15] 王杰. VME 总线工控机系统及其应用. 学苑出版社. 1994.1 第一版: 6~94
[16] 刘显庆,刘仁普. 微机总线规范—VESA PCI EISA VME. 机械工业出版社. 1995.9 第一版: 33~55
[17] INICORE Inc. VME Slave Controller A32-D32 Version 2.1. www.interfacebus.com: 1~14
[18] Paolo Musico. VME64xSlave Interface IP Core Specifications Rev.0.1. December 1 2005: 1~13
[19] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for VME64. April 10 1995: 1~70
[20] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for VME64 Extensions. October 7 1998: 6
[21] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for IP Modules. July 16 1996: 7~15
[22] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for IP I/O Mapping to VME64xm. March 3 1998: 1~9
[23] VMEbus International Trade Association. American National Standard for VME64 Extensions for Physics and Other Applications. March 22 1999: 1~9
[24] VXIbus Consortium. System Specification Revision 3.0. November 24 2003: 1~212
[25] VXIplug&play Systems Alliance. VPP-2 System Frameworks Specification Revision 4.2. March 17 2000: Section1 and Section2
[26] VXIplug&play Systems Alliance. VPP-4.3 the VISA Library Revision 2.2. March 17 2000: Section1 and Section2
[27] SCPI Consortium. Standard commands for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) Version 1999.0. May 1999: Chapter1 91
[28] 刘刚. 1394-VXI 零槽资源管理器的硬件设计. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2002.3.9: 16~33
[29] 徐亮. GPIB-VXI 零槽资源管理器研究. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2001.2: 6~10
[30] 李立华. VXI 内嵌式控制器的研究. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2001.2: 2~36
[31] 丁二华. VXI 总线串行控制器研制. 哈尔滨工业大学. 硕士论文. 2006.06: 11~42
[32] 赵秉袆. PXI 总线数字化仪研制. 哈尔滨工业大学. 硕士论文. 2006.06: 26~49
[33] 魏云龙. 基于 VXI 总线的多通道高速数据此案及模块的研制. 南京理工大学. 硕士论文. 2002.3: 5~17
[34] 霍晓敏. USB-GPIB 转接器功能函数的设计及实现. 电子科技大学(成都). 硕士论文. 2004.5: 5~10
[35] 姜成航. 基于 USBTMC 协议的 USB 接口虚拟仪器的研究. 大连理工大学. 硕士论文. 2005.06: 1~47
[36] Cyress Inc. The datasheet of CY7C68013A EZ-USB FX2LP USB Microcontroller. September 27 2005: 1~59
[37] 吴继华,王诚. Alter FPGA/CPLD 设计(高级篇). 人民邮电出版社. 2005.7 第一版: 1~79
[38] 王诚,吴继华,范丽珍,薛宁,薛小刚. Alter FPGA/CPLD 设计(基础篇). 人民邮电出版社. 2005.7 第一版: 157~160
[39] Sanjit K Mitra. Digital Signal Processing —A Computer-based Second Edition. McGraw-Hill and Tsinghua University Press. 2001.9: 229~310
[40] Anritsu Corporation. MS4630B Network Analyzer Operation Manual Vol.1 Panel Operation. Anritsu Corporation. 1999 Fourth Edition: Section 8-1~Section 8-9
[41] Cyress Inc. User Guide for EZ-USB Control Panel. Cyress Inc. Version 2.61. 2002: 1~8
[42] Cyress Inc. EZ-USB Xcelerator Development Kit Content and Tutorials. Cyress Inc. 2007: 1~59
[43] 王新民,术洪亮. 工程数学——计算方法. 高等教育出版社. 2005.1 第一版: 30~48
[44] 侯国平,叶齐鑫. LabVIEW7.1 编程与虚拟仪器设计. 清华大学出版社. 2005.2 第一版: 34~240