数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用与评价研究
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摘要
信息时代，信息资源全球共享成文信息用户的广泛需求和未来趋势。但是，由于商业利益、知识产权保护等因素的限制，信息资源共享还只是一种相对的态势。一方面，信息的海量增长为知识共享提供了资源总量上的基础；另一方面，信息垄断、信息孤岛、信息过载等现象的存在阻碍了信息无缝利用的进程。公共图书馆作为公益性文化机构，一直致力于为用户提供多元化的知识服务，各种新技术、新方法不断应用于数字图书馆的内容管理与信息服务当中。随着开源技术在数字图书馆中广泛应用，基于闭源软件的数字图书馆系统构建模式受到巨大的挑战，尤其是当前开放性思潮迅猛延展，使得数字图书馆又一次面临着历史性选择。公益性开源运动和商业性软件开发之间形成了博弈。在这样的时代背景之下，如何选择和应用合适的开源软件进行数字图书馆建设、支撑数字图书馆的数字内容收集、整理及服务系统，为用户提供更为便捷的信息服务，成为了当前数字图书馆研究领域面临的重要课题。
本文研究的基本问题为数字图书馆对内容管理开源软件的应用与评价，关键点有三：首先是内容管理开源软件。研究主题包括内容管理开源软件内涵及特征、内容管理开源软件和闭源软件的比较分析等；其次是内容管理开源软件的应用，研究主题包括内容开源软件应用的原则及范围、内容管理开源软件应用影响要素以及应用的实例分析；第三个关键点为内容管理开源软件的评价，研究主题包括评价体系的构建、检验和修正、评价实证研究等。
针对上述研究主题和目标，本文首先从当前信息社会中信息获取的难点、开源与闭源软件的博弈以及数字图书馆选择开源软件的困惑入手，确定本文的研究基点，从理论意义和实践意义两个方面提出了本文的研究意义，概述了全文的研究内容、思路方法及创新点。随后在第二章中从数字图书馆内容管理研究、数字图书馆开源软件应用研究和数字图书馆软件质量评价研究三个维度对国内外文献进行系统综述，对研究的热点和不足做出评述，引出研究的可行性和必要性。同时在第三章中为全文提供理论基础和方法指导，主要对内容管理理论与技术、软件质量评价理论进行了研究。在具体研究过程中深入分析了德尔菲法和层次分析法在进行评价指标体系构建中的重要作用及应用方式。此后作者对数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用问题进行了论述。第四章首先界定了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件的内涵、种类和特征，在内容管理开源与闭源软件比较分析的基础上提出了数字图书馆应用开源软件的优势。系统分析了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用影响要素，确定了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用的原则和范畴，最后进行了实例研究。通过上文中充分的理论及方法准备后，作者在第五章构建了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件的评价指标体系，通过信效度检验对评价指标体系进行了修正。为了确保评价体系的可用性本文在第六章对数字图书馆内容管理开源软件评价模型进行了实施和结构分析。对不同类型的内容管理开源软件进行了实证评价，评价结果显示了软件质量排序，并对其中最为优秀三种内容管理开源软件进行了深入的比较分析。最后通过结论与展望一章，系统梳理全文，对研究成果进行结论性表述，对研究不足和后续研究进行分析。
文章采用文献调查法、问卷调查法、专家咨询法、实证研究法、比较分析法以及统计分析等研究方法，力图从以下两个方面实现创新。第一，对内容管理开源软件和闭源商业软件进行对比分析，从多角度提出了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用的影响要素，提出了内容管理开源软件应用的原则、范围和方法。第二，构建了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件的评价指标体系，并进行了实证评价，为数字图书馆选择内容管理开源软件进行应用提供了依据。
Against the background of information age, global sharing of information resources notonly functions to meet the extensive demand of information users, but also has establisheditself as a future trend. However, limitations including commercial interests, protection ofintellectual property rights, and so on are making the sharing of information resources just arelative trend. On the one hand, the massive growth of the information has laid a solidquantity foundation for the possibility of knowledge sharing; on the other hand, suchphenomena as information monopoly, information isolation, and information overload arehindering the process of smooth application of information. As nonprofit cultural institutions,public libraries have been committed to provide users with a wide range of knowledgeservices, and various cutting-edge technologies and innovative methods are constantlyemployed in content management and information services of digital libraries. The wideapplication of open source technology in the digital library has constituted a huge challengeto the digital library systems based on closed source software mode, especially in currenttime when digital libraries are facing a historic choice as a result of the rapid expansion ofopen-minded thinking. A conflict has arisen between nonprofit open source movement andcommercial software development. Under such circumstances, it has become a critical issueof digital library research how to select and apply the appropriate open source software toconstruct digital library, to support the content information collection, compiling and servicesystems, and to offer users more convenient information service.
Basic problems explored in this paper focus on application and evaluation of opensource software for content management in digital libraries. Three key points are included asfollows: First is concerned with a general introduction of open source software for contentmanagement, featuring the research topics such as the connotation and characteristics of theopen source content management software, and comparative analysis between open andclosed source software for content management; with that, the paper deals applications ofopen source software for content management, and included in this part are topics likeprinciples and scope of open source software for content management, as well as influentialfactors during the course of applying the software, and case analysis in application; the thirdkey point is about the evaluation of open source software for content management, includingthe construction, inspection and correction of evaluation system, and empirical research.
Based on the research themes and objectives mentioned above, starting withintroduction of the difficulties in accessing information in the present Information Society,the competition between open and closed source software, and puzzlement bothering digitallibraries when selecting open source software, the dissertation determines its research basis,illustrating the significance of this research from both theoretical and practical aspects. Anoverview has been made to generalize the research content, ideas, methods and innovativepoints. Chapter Two contributes a literature review of both domestic and foreign relatedmaterials from three dimensions involving studies on digital library content management,studies on applications of open source software in digital libraries and studies on qualityevaluation of software used in digital libraries. Detection of spot issues and shortages ofpervious research serves as a convincing proof of the feasibility and necessity of the study inthis dissertation. Chapter Three provides theoretical basis and methodological guidance froma full-text perspective, with content management theory and technology, and softwarequality evaluation theory described in detail. During the course of specific research, anin-depth analysis is made about the important role played by the Delphi method and analytichierarchy process in construction of evaluation indicator system. Following that is adiscussion about application issues of content management open source software in digitallibraries. Chapter Four first defines the connotation, types and characteristics of the digitallibrary content management open source software. Based on the comparative analysis ofopen source and closed source software for content management, the advantages of opensource software in the digital library are highlighted. Through a systematic analysis ofelements influencing the application of content management open source software in digitallibraries, the principles and scope of content management open source software applicationin digital libraries are determined. This chapter also finishes up with empirical studies. Afterall the above mentioned preparation, sufficient both theoretically and methodologically, thewriter of the paper sets about structuring an evaluation indicator system directed at contentmanagement open source software in digital libraries, and in turn makes necessaryamendments to the system according to the results of Reliability and Validity tests. In orderto ensure the availability of the evaluation system, Chapter Six makes an analysis onimplementation and structure of the evaluation model of content management open sourcesoftware in digital libraries. Empirical evaluation of different types of content managementopen source software helps rank diversified software in the light of quality. Three types ofcontent management open source software topped the list undergo a deep comparativeanalysis. The last chapter, focusing on conclusion and outlook, summarizes the full text in asystematic way, gives concluding statements about the research findings, analyzes research inadequacy, and offers prompting suggestions for follow-up studies.
With involvement of various research methods including literature survey, questionnairesurvey, expert advice, empirical research, comparative analysis, and statistical analysis, thepaper tries to achieve innovation from the following two aspects. First, based on comparativeanalysis of open source software and closed source for content management, elements whichhave impact on applications of content management open source software in digital librariesare defined from multiple perspectives, and in turn principles, scope and methods concernedwhen applying content management open source software are determined. Second, anevaluation indicator system directed at content management open source software isconstructed, which together with the empirical evaluation, provides grounds for option ofopen source software by digital libraries.
本文研究的基本问题为数字图书馆对内容管理开源软件的应用与评价，关键点有三：首先是内容管理开源软件。研究主题包括内容管理开源软件内涵及特征、内容管理开源软件和闭源软件的比较分析等；其次是内容管理开源软件的应用，研究主题包括内容开源软件应用的原则及范围、内容管理开源软件应用影响要素以及应用的实例分析；第三个关键点为内容管理开源软件的评价，研究主题包括评价体系的构建、检验和修正、评价实证研究等。
针对上述研究主题和目标，本文首先从当前信息社会中信息获取的难点、开源与闭源软件的博弈以及数字图书馆选择开源软件的困惑入手，确定本文的研究基点，从理论意义和实践意义两个方面提出了本文的研究意义，概述了全文的研究内容、思路方法及创新点。随后在第二章中从数字图书馆内容管理研究、数字图书馆开源软件应用研究和数字图书馆软件质量评价研究三个维度对国内外文献进行系统综述，对研究的热点和不足做出评述，引出研究的可行性和必要性。同时在第三章中为全文提供理论基础和方法指导，主要对内容管理理论与技术、软件质量评价理论进行了研究。在具体研究过程中深入分析了德尔菲法和层次分析法在进行评价指标体系构建中的重要作用及应用方式。此后作者对数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用问题进行了论述。第四章首先界定了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件的内涵、种类和特征，在内容管理开源与闭源软件比较分析的基础上提出了数字图书馆应用开源软件的优势。系统分析了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用影响要素，确定了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用的原则和范畴，最后进行了实例研究。通过上文中充分的理论及方法准备后，作者在第五章构建了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件的评价指标体系，通过信效度检验对评价指标体系进行了修正。为了确保评价体系的可用性本文在第六章对数字图书馆内容管理开源软件评价模型进行了实施和结构分析。对不同类型的内容管理开源软件进行了实证评价，评价结果显示了软件质量排序，并对其中最为优秀三种内容管理开源软件进行了深入的比较分析。最后通过结论与展望一章，系统梳理全文，对研究成果进行结论性表述，对研究不足和后续研究进行分析。
文章采用文献调查法、问卷调查法、专家咨询法、实证研究法、比较分析法以及统计分析等研究方法，力图从以下两个方面实现创新。第一，对内容管理开源软件和闭源商业软件进行对比分析，从多角度提出了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件应用的影响要素，提出了内容管理开源软件应用的原则、范围和方法。第二，构建了数字图书馆内容管理开源软件的评价指标体系，并进行了实证评价，为数字图书馆选择内容管理开源软件进行应用提供了依据。
Against the background of information age, global sharing of information resources notonly functions to meet the extensive demand of information users, but also has establisheditself as a future trend. However, limitations including commercial interests, protection ofintellectual property rights, and so on are making the sharing of information resources just arelative trend. On the one hand, the massive growth of the information has laid a solidquantity foundation for the possibility of knowledge sharing; on the other hand, suchphenomena as information monopoly, information isolation, and information overload arehindering the process of smooth application of information. As nonprofit cultural institutions,public libraries have been committed to provide users with a wide range of knowledgeservices, and various cutting-edge technologies and innovative methods are constantlyemployed in content management and information services of digital libraries. The wideapplication of open source technology in the digital library has constituted a huge challengeto the digital library systems based on closed source software mode, especially in currenttime when digital libraries are facing a historic choice as a result of the rapid expansion ofopen-minded thinking. A conflict has arisen between nonprofit open source movement andcommercial software development. Under such circumstances, it has become a critical issueof digital library research how to select and apply the appropriate open source software toconstruct digital library, to support the content information collection, compiling and servicesystems, and to offer users more convenient information service.
Basic problems explored in this paper focus on application and evaluation of opensource software for content management in digital libraries. Three key points are included asfollows: First is concerned with a general introduction of open source software for contentmanagement, featuring the research topics such as the connotation and characteristics of theopen source content management software, and comparative analysis between open andclosed source software for content management; with that, the paper deals applications ofopen source software for content management, and included in this part are topics likeprinciples and scope of open source software for content management, as well as influentialfactors during the course of applying the software, and case analysis in application; the thirdkey point is about the evaluation of open source software for content management, includingthe construction, inspection and correction of evaluation system, and empirical research.
Based on the research themes and objectives mentioned above, starting withintroduction of the difficulties in accessing information in the present Information Society,the competition between open and closed source software, and puzzlement bothering digitallibraries when selecting open source software, the dissertation determines its research basis,illustrating the significance of this research from both theoretical and practical aspects. Anoverview has been made to generalize the research content, ideas, methods and innovativepoints. Chapter Two contributes a literature review of both domestic and foreign relatedmaterials from three dimensions involving studies on digital library content management,studies on applications of open source software in digital libraries and studies on qualityevaluation of software used in digital libraries. Detection of spot issues and shortages ofpervious research serves as a convincing proof of the feasibility and necessity of the study inthis dissertation. Chapter Three provides theoretical basis and methodological guidance froma full-text perspective, with content management theory and technology, and softwarequality evaluation theory described in detail. During the course of specific research, anin-depth analysis is made about the important role played by the Delphi method and analytichierarchy process in construction of evaluation indicator system. Following that is adiscussion about application issues of content management open source software in digitallibraries. Chapter Four first defines the connotation, types and characteristics of the digitallibrary content management open source software. Based on the comparative analysis ofopen source and closed source software for content management, the advantages of opensource software in the digital library are highlighted. Through a systematic analysis ofelements influencing the application of content management open source software in digitallibraries, the principles and scope of content management open source software applicationin digital libraries are determined. This chapter also finishes up with empirical studies. Afterall the above mentioned preparation, sufficient both theoretically and methodologically, thewriter of the paper sets about structuring an evaluation indicator system directed at contentmanagement open source software in digital libraries, and in turn makes necessaryamendments to the system according to the results of Reliability and Validity tests. In orderto ensure the availability of the evaluation system, Chapter Six makes an analysis onimplementation and structure of the evaluation model of content management open sourcesoftware in digital libraries. Empirical evaluation of different types of content managementopen source software helps rank diversified software in the light of quality. Three types ofcontent management open source software topped the list undergo a deep comparativeanalysis. The last chapter, focusing on conclusion and outlook, summarizes the full text in asystematic way, gives concluding statements about the research findings, analyzes research inadequacy, and offers prompting suggestions for follow-up studies.
With involvement of various research methods including literature survey, questionnairesurvey, expert advice, empirical research, comparative analysis, and statistical analysis, thepaper tries to achieve innovation from the following two aspects. First, based on comparativeanalysis of open source software and closed source for content management, elements whichhave impact on applications of content management open source software in digital librariesare defined from multiple perspectives, and in turn principles, scope and methods concernedwhen applying content management open source software are determined. Second, anevaluation indicator system directed at content management open source software isconstructed, which together with the empirical evaluation, provides grounds for option ofopen source software by digital libraries.
引文
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