基于数据仓库的卫生信息决策支持系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着数字化医院的不断推进,以HIS (Hospital Information System)为代表的、大量基于数据库技术和计算机网络的业务子系统在医院得以应用,这些子系统以数据库技术为核心、以业务流为主线,极大的提升了工作效率和管理水平。但是随着也出现一系列问题,这些业务系统在每天的运行中,产生大量的后台数据,其中涵盖了医院整个医疗过程中的信息,却没有被综合集成利用,造成了很大的浪费。从现代医院科学管理的角度来看,应当依据各部门的业务需求,按照一定的主题划分对这些数据进行重组,建立一个具有卫生行业特色,适合信息综合分析利用的数据仓库,并在此基础上,开发适用于卫生管理部门的决策支持系统。适用于大数据环境下的卫生信息决策支持系统,应该具备以下特点：(1)要有一个大规模、高效率、安全性能高的数据仓库作为支持；(2)具备强大的OLTP和OLAP支持能力；(3)全天候工作,不能发生宕机等意外情况,绝对安全可靠；(4)人机交互界面要简单易用,满足医院和卫生管理部门等不同用户群体的需求；(5)可扩充性,可根据不同阶段的发展需求对功能继续扩充；(6)开放性和可移植性,适应不同平台需求。
本论文基于医院业务子系统后台数据的综合再利用问题,根据卫生管理部门不同层次的业务需求,提取和采集医院业务子系统中的相应数据,通过数据ETL(Extract、Transform and Load)工具,将区域内各医院数据汇集至设在卫生部门的数据中心,形成医疗信息数据仓库。再利用Oracle BI商务智能决策平台作为数据仓库展现工具,开发卫生信息决策系统。
With the development of digital hospital,a large number of business system based on database technology and computer networks are being applied across the departments in hospital.These subsystem,which based on database technology and focus on the business flow,markedly enhances operational efficiency and management skills. However, it also brought some unexpected problems,the business system Generate a lot of background data,which covered the information of the whole medical process.which were not integrated use, caused great waste.No matter from the perspective of the scientific management of modern hospital, or the point of view of business needs,the data in business system of hospital need to be extracted, cleaned and effective integrated, restructured according to the theme, aim to set up a health industry characteristics, suitable for information comprehensive analysis data warehouse, and on this basis, develop the health management decision support system.Information decision support system which applied to big data environment should have the following features:(1)A large scale, high efficiency, high safety performance of data warehouse is needed as s support.(2)Have strong ability of OLTP and OLAP support.(3)All-weather work, absolutely safe and reliable;(4)The human-computer interaction interface simple and easy to use, meet the needs of different user groups;(5)Scalability, can according to different stages of development needs for function continues to expand;(6)Openness and portability, to meet the needs of different platforms.
This topic is based on the hospital service subsystem back-end data comprehensive recycling problems,According to the health administrative departments at different levels of business requirements, the extraction and the relevant data collection subsystem of hospital business,with ETL tools.the data extracted from hospitals can be collected in the data center.The final step is to use BI develop decision support system.The paper has also elaborated the problems encountered in the process of development and deployment.
本论文基于医院业务子系统后台数据的综合再利用问题,根据卫生管理部门不同层次的业务需求,提取和采集医院业务子系统中的相应数据,通过数据ETL(Extract、Transform and Load)工具,将区域内各医院数据汇集至设在卫生部门的数据中心,形成医疗信息数据仓库。再利用Oracle BI商务智能决策平台作为数据仓库展现工具,开发卫生信息决策系统。
With the development of digital hospital,a large number of business system based on database technology and computer networks are being applied across the departments in hospital.These subsystem,which based on database technology and focus on the business flow,markedly enhances operational efficiency and management skills. However, it also brought some unexpected problems,the business system Generate a lot of background data,which covered the information of the whole medical process.which were not integrated use, caused great waste.No matter from the perspective of the scientific management of modern hospital, or the point of view of business needs,the data in business system of hospital need to be extracted, cleaned and effective integrated, restructured according to the theme, aim to set up a health industry characteristics, suitable for information comprehensive analysis data warehouse, and on this basis, develop the health management decision support system.Information decision support system which applied to big data environment should have the following features:(1)A large scale, high efficiency, high safety performance of data warehouse is needed as s support.(2)Have strong ability of OLTP and OLAP support.(3)All-weather work, absolutely safe and reliable;(4)The human-computer interaction interface simple and easy to use, meet the needs of different user groups;(5)Scalability, can according to different stages of development needs for function continues to expand;(6)Openness and portability, to meet the needs of different platforms.
This topic is based on the hospital service subsystem back-end data comprehensive recycling problems,According to the health administrative departments at different levels of business requirements, the extraction and the relevant data collection subsystem of hospital business,with ETL tools.the data extracted from hospitals can be collected in the data center.The final step is to use BI develop decision support system.The paper has also elaborated the problems encountered in the process of development and deployment.
引文
[1]张萍.如何进一步加强医院财务管理信息化建设[J]新财经.2012.10：10-12.
[2]常颖,刘宏波.检验信息系统建设中业务流程重组的实施[J].医学信息,2009,10：49-52.
[3]衡反修.试水医疗数据分析和再利用[EB/OL]. http://www.hit 180.com/4491.html,2013-02-22.
[4]孙小健；仇德成；；基于数据仓库的医疗保险决策支持系统设计与实现[J]；甘肃科技；2007年03期
[5]李红伟,等.我国卫生信息化发展策略研究[J].中国数字医学,2011,6[6]：50-52.
[6]王春容,李道苹.基于区域卫生信息平台的管理决策支持系统需求研究[J].中国数字医学.2010,5(7)：4244.
[7]W.H.Inmon.Building the Data Warehouse[M]John Wiley3&Sons,Inc.1993.
[8]W.H.Inmon.R,D,Hackathorn.Using the Data Warehouse.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1994.
[9]汪涛.基于数据仓库的信用卡数据挖掘研究.合肥工业大学硕士论文.2010.
[10]数据仓库元数据管理[EB/OL] http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6d802e7b0100vpl7.html
[11]洪东忍.基于水厂数据仓库系统的ETL技术研究.[J]云南民族大学学报自然科学版.2012年第5期
[12]系统设计与架构笔记：ETL工具开发和设计的建议[EB/OL]http://www.cnblogs.com/sharpxiajun/archive/2012/03/20/2408783.html
[13]百度百科,ETL[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/69207.htm.
[14]数据抽取、清洗与转换BI项目中的ETL设计详解.[EB\OL]http://blog.csdn.net/yxm1014/article/details/4739597
[15]DBA之路.四种数据ETL模式[EB/OL] http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21267700-id-2924958.html
[16]赵林明.基于数据仓库的信用卡数据挖掘研究.山东科技大学硕士论文.2005.11
[17]Matteo Golfarelli,Stefano Rizzi.Data Warehouse Design:Modern Principles and Methodologies.
[18]百度百科，商业智能.[EB/OL] http://baike.baidu.com/view/21020.htm宁杰.面向多类型数据源的数据仓库构建及ETL关键技术的研究.东北大学.2008.5.
[19]刘飞跃,徐萍等Oracle BIEE的概述与应用,中山大学学报(自然科学版).2009.3(48)：344-346
[20]卫生部办公厅关于做好2011年卫生统计和信息化建设工作的通知.[EB/OL]http://www.moh.gov.cn/mohbgt/s6694/201103/51085.shtml
[21][22]马慧敏,王保义等.异构数据仓库中数据质量管理研究及实现.[J]微机发展.2004.7：61-63
[22]Beeload官方简介http://www.livbee.com.
[23]肖强等.浅析医院统计工作者应具备的知识与能力.[J]中国卫生统计.2006.4：65-67
[24]刘红军等.网络环境下如何提高医院统计质量[J]中华临床医学卫生杂志.2006.8：92-94
[25]闫军玲等.利用Toad解决Oracle数据库表空间错误问题[J].中国数字医学2012.11(7)：68-70.
[26]中华IT学院Oracle数据文件大小的限制 [EB/OL].www.examw.com/oracle/zhonghe/98334/.
[27]Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition Documentation. [EB/OL] http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/bi-enterprise-edition/documentation/index.h tml.
[2]常颖,刘宏波.检验信息系统建设中业务流程重组的实施[J].医学信息,2009,10：49-52.
[3]衡反修.试水医疗数据分析和再利用[EB/OL]. http://www.hit 180.com/4491.html,2013-02-22.
[4]孙小健；仇德成；；基于数据仓库的医疗保险决策支持系统设计与实现[J]；甘肃科技；2007年03期
[5]李红伟,等.我国卫生信息化发展策略研究[J].中国数字医学,2011,6[6]：50-52.
[6]王春容,李道苹.基于区域卫生信息平台的管理决策支持系统需求研究[J].中国数字医学.2010,5(7)：4244.
[7]W.H.Inmon.Building the Data Warehouse[M]John Wiley3&Sons,Inc.1993.
[8]W.H.Inmon.R,D,Hackathorn.Using the Data Warehouse.John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,1994.
[9]汪涛.基于数据仓库的信用卡数据挖掘研究.合肥工业大学硕士论文.2010.
[10]数据仓库元数据管理[EB/OL] http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6d802e7b0100vpl7.html
[11]洪东忍.基于水厂数据仓库系统的ETL技术研究.[J]云南民族大学学报自然科学版.2012年第5期
[12]系统设计与架构笔记：ETL工具开发和设计的建议[EB/OL]http://www.cnblogs.com/sharpxiajun/archive/2012/03/20/2408783.html
[13]百度百科,ETL[EB/OL]. http://baike.baidu.com/view/69207.htm.
[14]数据抽取、清洗与转换BI项目中的ETL设计详解.[EB\OL]http://blog.csdn.net/yxm1014/article/details/4739597
[15]DBA之路.四种数据ETL模式[EB/OL] http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21267700-id-2924958.html
[16]赵林明.基于数据仓库的信用卡数据挖掘研究.山东科技大学硕士论文.2005.11
[17]Matteo Golfarelli,Stefano Rizzi.Data Warehouse Design:Modern Principles and Methodologies.
[18]百度百科，商业智能.[EB/OL] http://baike.baidu.com/view/21020.htm宁杰.面向多类型数据源的数据仓库构建及ETL关键技术的研究.东北大学.2008.5.
[19]刘飞跃,徐萍等Oracle BIEE的概述与应用,中山大学学报(自然科学版).2009.3(48)：344-346
[20]卫生部办公厅关于做好2011年卫生统计和信息化建设工作的通知.[EB/OL]http://www.moh.gov.cn/mohbgt/s6694/201103/51085.shtml
[21][22]马慧敏,王保义等.异构数据仓库中数据质量管理研究及实现.[J]微机发展.2004.7：61-63
[22]Beeload官方简介http://www.livbee.com.
[23]肖强等.浅析医院统计工作者应具备的知识与能力.[J]中国卫生统计.2006.4：65-67
[24]刘红军等.网络环境下如何提高医院统计质量[J]中华临床医学卫生杂志.2006.8：92-94
[25]闫军玲等.利用Toad解决Oracle数据库表空间错误问题[J].中国数字医学2012.11(7)：68-70.
[26]中华IT学院Oracle数据文件大小的限制 [EB/OL].www.examw.com/oracle/zhonghe/98334/.
[27]Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition Documentation. [EB/OL] http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/bi-enterprise-edition/documentation/index.h tml.
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