新野猴戏：从上层娱乐到下层谋生
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摘要
猴戏,属游艺民俗,是一种留存至今的古老民间艺术,早期曾经是宫廷或贵族官僚的娱乐方式,后流入民间,成为下层民众的谋生手段。关于猴戏,在古代文献中有不少记载,但比较零散,不够全面、详细和系统;有研究者对猴戏的历史进行梳理,但存在很多遗漏和不足,且缺乏对现实存在的关注;有学者对其进行研究,但从民俗学的角度来研究猴戏还不曾有人尝试。本文在对猴戏历史进行重新梳理之后,主要以豫西南新野县的鲍湾村为个案,对新野猴戏进行实地调查,掌握大量第一手可靠资料,在此基础上,对新野猴戏进行必要的理论观照和现代思考。
全文分为四部分:
第一部分为绪论,首先对“猴戏”的几个不同叫法进行了界定,接下来对猴戏的研究现状作了概括分析,还涉及到本文选题的缘由和所用到的主要研究方法。
第二部分关于猴戏的历史脉络和地域分布。关于猴戏的历史发展脉络,该章节针对以往猴戏历史研究的不足,对春秋战国至民国时期文献中记载的猴戏历史通过历史文本和民间语境两条线索进行了再次梳理;关于猴戏的地域分布,则分为在全国范围内的整体分布情况和在调查地新野县的具体分布乡镇与村落两部分。
第三部分是对鲍湾村的个案调查与研究。这一部分是本文的主体,分别从猴戏艺人、猴戏、猴戏的生存环境三个角度,对艺人的从业情况、技艺传承以及社会地位,对猴戏的传统戏法和现代杂耍,对猴戏的原生环境和发生环境作了详尽的叙述、合理的归纳和适度的理论分析。
第四部分是对猴戏的现代思考,也是全文的结语。在历史文献和田野调查的基础上,该部分总结了猴戏的发展演变规律,分析了猴戏的本质,并从文化的层面分析了造成对猴戏认知差异的原因,提出现代社会条件下应该如何对待诸如猴戏这样的民间文化艺术。
Monkey show, belonging to a kind of folklore, is an ancient but still survived folk art .It had been an entertainment for upper class , gradually became a way of making living for lower class .Referring to monkey show, it was recorded in many ancient literatures, but these records are rather scattered, and not complete, detailed and systematic; some researchers had studied the history of monkey show, but they had certain negligence and defects, what's more, paid little attention to living monkey show in reality; someone had studied it at many aspects, but no one had attempted from the folklore point of view. This paper studied monkey show's history of its development at first, next on the case of Baowan village in Xinye County, the author did lots of field work in Baowan village, and gained sufficient firsthand materials. According to above preliminary work, the paper analyses the materials and give deep thought to Xinye monkey show.
The paper is composed of four parts:
The first chapter is introduction, which defines "monkey show" and distinguishes it from other names, and summarizes the former research about monkey show, then refers to the main research methods and innovation of the paper.
The second chapter is about the history and distribution area of monkey show. In view of the problem in former research, this chapter arranges the literatures again at the angles of literature context and folk context; it divides into two parts: one is about the distribution area in whole country; another is about its local distribution in Xinye County.
The third chapter is this paper's main body. It includes most parts of field work and adequate theory analyses, respectively narrates folk artists' current situation, skill inheritance and their social status; the traditional monkey show and modern variety show; monkey show's primitive surroundings and performing surrounding, etc. Based on them, it analyses and probes into them properly.
The last chapter is the paper's ending, which makes a modern consideration about monkey show. It sums up the development law and the essentiality of Xinye monkey show, and seeks out the reason about cognitive differences on monkey show. In order to resolve monkey show's difficult position, the whole society should respect folkloric culture such as monkey show and give it certain space to develop by itself.
全文分为四部分:
第一部分为绪论,首先对“猴戏”的几个不同叫法进行了界定,接下来对猴戏的研究现状作了概括分析,还涉及到本文选题的缘由和所用到的主要研究方法。
第二部分关于猴戏的历史脉络和地域分布。关于猴戏的历史发展脉络,该章节针对以往猴戏历史研究的不足,对春秋战国至民国时期文献中记载的猴戏历史通过历史文本和民间语境两条线索进行了再次梳理;关于猴戏的地域分布,则分为在全国范围内的整体分布情况和在调查地新野县的具体分布乡镇与村落两部分。
第三部分是对鲍湾村的个案调查与研究。这一部分是本文的主体,分别从猴戏艺人、猴戏、猴戏的生存环境三个角度,对艺人的从业情况、技艺传承以及社会地位,对猴戏的传统戏法和现代杂耍,对猴戏的原生环境和发生环境作了详尽的叙述、合理的归纳和适度的理论分析。
第四部分是对猴戏的现代思考,也是全文的结语。在历史文献和田野调查的基础上,该部分总结了猴戏的发展演变规律,分析了猴戏的本质,并从文化的层面分析了造成对猴戏认知差异的原因,提出现代社会条件下应该如何对待诸如猴戏这样的民间文化艺术。
Monkey show, belonging to a kind of folklore, is an ancient but still survived folk art .It had been an entertainment for upper class , gradually became a way of making living for lower class .Referring to monkey show, it was recorded in many ancient literatures, but these records are rather scattered, and not complete, detailed and systematic; some researchers had studied the history of monkey show, but they had certain negligence and defects, what's more, paid little attention to living monkey show in reality; someone had studied it at many aspects, but no one had attempted from the folklore point of view. This paper studied monkey show's history of its development at first, next on the case of Baowan village in Xinye County, the author did lots of field work in Baowan village, and gained sufficient firsthand materials. According to above preliminary work, the paper analyses the materials and give deep thought to Xinye monkey show.
The paper is composed of four parts:
The first chapter is introduction, which defines "monkey show" and distinguishes it from other names, and summarizes the former research about monkey show, then refers to the main research methods and innovation of the paper.
The second chapter is about the history and distribution area of monkey show. In view of the problem in former research, this chapter arranges the literatures again at the angles of literature context and folk context; it divides into two parts: one is about the distribution area in whole country; another is about its local distribution in Xinye County.
The third chapter is this paper's main body. It includes most parts of field work and adequate theory analyses, respectively narrates folk artists' current situation, skill inheritance and their social status; the traditional monkey show and modern variety show; monkey show's primitive surroundings and performing surrounding, etc. Based on them, it analyses and probes into them properly.
The last chapter is the paper's ending, which makes a modern consideration about monkey show. It sums up the development law and the essentiality of Xinye monkey show, and seeks out the reason about cognitive differences on monkey show. In order to resolve monkey show's difficult position, the whole society should respect folkloric culture such as monkey show and give it certain space to develop by itself.
引文
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