当代我国成年仪式教育功能及其实现研究
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摘要
成年仪式是人生礼俗中的一种重要仪式,是人类历史上特有的一种文化现象,同时也是一种古老的青年教育方式。作为人生发展阶段的标志性仪式,成年仪式在人类族群中不同程度地存在着,其社会文化意义随着历史社会情境的变化而变化。但在现代社会中,成年仪式并没有得到足够的重视。直到20世纪90年代,我国才出现了以大都市为先导,在年满18岁的中学生里举行成年宣誓仪式的活动,并且这项活动迅速向中小城市蔓延。
本文通过选取案例对当今成年仪式作以调查和反思,并通过跨学科视角对成年仪式的教育功能加以分析总结,探讨仪式功能的形成与释放的要素,再对当今世界其他各国成年仪式作概况性观察,以上所有分析都以求为成年仪式教育提供理论和依据,并在此基础上提出有待思考的解决方式,即以生命意识为本的仪式教育观与以情感体验为主的仪式教育方法观。
首先,对教育现象的研究必须要站在社会大背景下,本文在宏观层面上对成年仪式教育的兴起及其理论背景作以了解。微观上,以局部的具体案例为切入点,将焦点聚焦到成年仪式的实际操作上,选取北京某中学成年仪式的实施过程为个案进行实地调查。并对其过程和事后的访谈中反思当今成年仪式教育存在的问题,为探讨其功能的形成和释放做前期准备。
其次,通过对多维角度(文化人类学、社会学、心理学)对成年仪式研究的比较与融合,探析成年仪式教育功能的发生机制。成年仪式本应具备哪些教育功能,如何形成与释放及其影响的要素。
再次,对国外成年仪式实施现状作以概况性的观察,并选取东西方具有代表性特点的成年仪式为个案,了解其成年仪式教育理念、操作模式及其教育功能,以供我国借鉴。
最后,在对现实调查和理论分析的基础上,对成年仪式教育功能进行深度分析,并提出有待思考的解决方式,即以生命意识为本的仪式教育观与以情感体验为主的仪式教育方法观。
与我国教育界现有研究相比,本文力求的贡献是:(1)通过较有深度的个案学校调查,探明当前我国新近复兴成年仪式存在的问题;(2)通过跨文化的古今对照和中外比较,尤其是多学科理论分析,多维地分析成年仪式教育功能及其实现问题。
A rite of passage is one of the most important ceremonies in human etiquette and custom, a particular cultural phenomenon in the history of human beings, and also an ancient way of educating the youth. As a symbolic ceremony in human life stages of development, rites of passage in human populations exist in different degrees. Their social and cultural significances change accordingly with the variations of historical and social situations. However, it is noted that little attention was put on rites of passage in modern society. Up until the nineties of the 20th century, more and more swearing-in activities for rites of passage in China began to emerge from metropolises, and quickly spread to medium-sized cities.
By studying a specific case, this paper makes an investigation and introspection of the present rites of passage, analyzes its educational function from an interdisciplinary point of view, discusses the key elements of its educational function in the aspects of formation and release, and gives an overview of its current situations of many other countries. The goal of the above analysis is to provide some theoretical and practical foundations for the education from rites of passage. Furthermore, this paper proposes two concepts for solving the problems of existing rites of passage. One is life consciousness-based ceremony education concept, and the other is emotional experience-based ceremony education concept.
First, the studies of educational phenomena must be carried out in the broad context of society. Therefore, the education from rites of passage should be analyzed at the macro and micro levels. At the macro level, its rise history and theoretical background should be learned; at the micro level, starting with the specific cases, we put focus on the practical operations of rites of passage. More specifically, a field survey on the operating process in a certain high school is made. According to its operating process and subsequent student interviews, we think over the existing problems with the present education from rites of passage, and make preparations for starting a discussion on its formation and release.
Second, the working mechanism of its educational function is explored from the multidimensional perspectives of cultural anthropology, sociology, and psychology. Subsequently, we start a discussion on rites of passage in the following three aspects: (1) what educational function should rites of passage have? (2) how is the educational function formed or released? (3) what are the components affecting the educational function?
Third, in order to provide a reference to our country, we give an overview of the current situations of carrying out rites of passage abroad, select some representative cases about rites of passage from the west and east of the world, acknowledge its educational theory, operating mode, and educational function.
Finally, based on the field survey and theoretical analysis, we make a deep analysis of the educational function generated from rites of passage, and also propose two concepts for solving the problems of existing rites of passage. One is life consciousness-based ceremony education concept, and the other is emotional experience-based ceremony education concept.
Compared with existing research on rites of passage in Chinese education sector, the main contributions of this thesis are two-fold. (1) Through several intensive school investigations on individual cases, this thesis discloses the existing problems of the recent rites of passage in China. (2) Based on a cross-cultural comparison from ancient to modern times and from China to foreign countries, especially multi-disciplinary theoretical analysis this thesis, this thesis gives a multi-dimensional analysis of the realization issues of rites of passage as well as its educational function.
本文通过选取案例对当今成年仪式作以调查和反思,并通过跨学科视角对成年仪式的教育功能加以分析总结,探讨仪式功能的形成与释放的要素,再对当今世界其他各国成年仪式作概况性观察,以上所有分析都以求为成年仪式教育提供理论和依据,并在此基础上提出有待思考的解决方式,即以生命意识为本的仪式教育观与以情感体验为主的仪式教育方法观。
首先,对教育现象的研究必须要站在社会大背景下,本文在宏观层面上对成年仪式教育的兴起及其理论背景作以了解。微观上,以局部的具体案例为切入点,将焦点聚焦到成年仪式的实际操作上,选取北京某中学成年仪式的实施过程为个案进行实地调查。并对其过程和事后的访谈中反思当今成年仪式教育存在的问题,为探讨其功能的形成和释放做前期准备。
其次,通过对多维角度(文化人类学、社会学、心理学)对成年仪式研究的比较与融合,探析成年仪式教育功能的发生机制。成年仪式本应具备哪些教育功能,如何形成与释放及其影响的要素。
再次,对国外成年仪式实施现状作以概况性的观察,并选取东西方具有代表性特点的成年仪式为个案,了解其成年仪式教育理念、操作模式及其教育功能,以供我国借鉴。
最后,在对现实调查和理论分析的基础上,对成年仪式教育功能进行深度分析,并提出有待思考的解决方式,即以生命意识为本的仪式教育观与以情感体验为主的仪式教育方法观。
与我国教育界现有研究相比,本文力求的贡献是:(1)通过较有深度的个案学校调查,探明当前我国新近复兴成年仪式存在的问题;(2)通过跨文化的古今对照和中外比较,尤其是多学科理论分析,多维地分析成年仪式教育功能及其实现问题。
A rite of passage is one of the most important ceremonies in human etiquette and custom, a particular cultural phenomenon in the history of human beings, and also an ancient way of educating the youth. As a symbolic ceremony in human life stages of development, rites of passage in human populations exist in different degrees. Their social and cultural significances change accordingly with the variations of historical and social situations. However, it is noted that little attention was put on rites of passage in modern society. Up until the nineties of the 20th century, more and more swearing-in activities for rites of passage in China began to emerge from metropolises, and quickly spread to medium-sized cities.
By studying a specific case, this paper makes an investigation and introspection of the present rites of passage, analyzes its educational function from an interdisciplinary point of view, discusses the key elements of its educational function in the aspects of formation and release, and gives an overview of its current situations of many other countries. The goal of the above analysis is to provide some theoretical and practical foundations for the education from rites of passage. Furthermore, this paper proposes two concepts for solving the problems of existing rites of passage. One is life consciousness-based ceremony education concept, and the other is emotional experience-based ceremony education concept.
First, the studies of educational phenomena must be carried out in the broad context of society. Therefore, the education from rites of passage should be analyzed at the macro and micro levels. At the macro level, its rise history and theoretical background should be learned; at the micro level, starting with the specific cases, we put focus on the practical operations of rites of passage. More specifically, a field survey on the operating process in a certain high school is made. According to its operating process and subsequent student interviews, we think over the existing problems with the present education from rites of passage, and make preparations for starting a discussion on its formation and release.
Second, the working mechanism of its educational function is explored from the multidimensional perspectives of cultural anthropology, sociology, and psychology. Subsequently, we start a discussion on rites of passage in the following three aspects: (1) what educational function should rites of passage have? (2) how is the educational function formed or released? (3) what are the components affecting the educational function?
Third, in order to provide a reference to our country, we give an overview of the current situations of carrying out rites of passage abroad, select some representative cases about rites of passage from the west and east of the world, acknowledge its educational theory, operating mode, and educational function.
Finally, based on the field survey and theoretical analysis, we make a deep analysis of the educational function generated from rites of passage, and also propose two concepts for solving the problems of existing rites of passage. One is life consciousness-based ceremony education concept, and the other is emotional experience-based ceremony education concept.
Compared with existing research on rites of passage in Chinese education sector, the main contributions of this thesis are two-fold. (1) Through several intensive school investigations on individual cases, this thesis discloses the existing problems of the recent rites of passage in China. (2) Based on a cross-cultural comparison from ancient to modern times and from China to foreign countries, especially multi-disciplinary theoretical analysis this thesis, this thesis gives a multi-dimensional analysis of the realization issues of rites of passage as well as its educational function.
引文
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