演示实验在大学物理课程实施中的研究
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摘要
课程实施研究兴起于课程范式与社会脉络的后现代转换之中,课程改革的成败主要取决于课程实施的过程。演示实验教学是大学物理课程实施中的重要辅助形式,虽然受到了一定程度的重视,但是由于影响其教学实施的因素较多,并且演示教学过程又相对复杂,因此,该教学的实施和实施评价具有很大的差异性。本文根据现阶段我国高等教育方针、政策和不同高等院校的实际情况,通过对多所高校的实际调查,提出了演示实验教学实施的阶段性特征,并对不同阶段的教育理论、教学设计、教学过程、教学方式的采用,以及教学创新和技术开发作以详细剖析,论证了演示实验在大学物理课程实施中的可行性,研究了该教学实施过程中应该遵循的教学模式和教学策略。通过本文对大学物理演示实验教学实施过程的研究,明示了教师应该放弃“教师的成人自我概念”,教室应该强化自身的学习动机,为学生的创新发展搭建共赢平台。
The implement of curriculum is rather a special while complex practical activity. Whether the reform of curriculum succeeds or not builds on the procedure of implement of curriculum to a great extent which focuses on the improvement and reconstruction and contains the students’learning process and consequential advance. Therefore, the study of curriculum implement mainly concerns about how to teach.
At the end of 1990s, the students graduating from colleges are entitled to selection at will, so the engineering colleges put more emphasis on improving professional technique, which combines with some weak points of practicability in physical fundamental education, laggard teaching method and invisibility of supporting the professional technique will result in the ignorance to the college physical curriculum and being in the awkwardness of being afraid of physics and being away from physics. To sum up, the teaching method and contents of basic physics in curriculum implement cannot achieve assigned teaching aim. To address this problem, with reference to foreign colleges’teaching style, some of colleges in China have adopted demonstrating experimental teaching. Demonstrating experimental teaching does not totally belong to cognitive field, or optional field, either, and it also involves the agreement and realizing of emotional target. Physical demonstrating experimental teaching is a process in which it combines students’cognitive, emotional fields with performing ability field and in the course of experimental cognitive study and operational observation, students compromise the corporation of hand and head according to previous learning circumstance and current situation. The demonstrating experiment shows its superiority in addressing how to teach college physics, as a result, it attracts the educational attention. With the advance of demonstrating experimental teaching more deeply, all kinds of demonstrating teaching activities come into being based on students. However, so many factors can affect its carrying out, the course of demonstrating teaching is rather complex as well, which lead to the total difference between the practical consequences and its evaluation, even no practice in some colleges. This thesis studies the question of how to teach in the implement of demonstrating experiment in college physics according to the investigation to some colleges, and sets up the evaluating system.
Demonstrating experiment has the features of novelty, visualization and relating to real life, which can adopt teachers’demonstration, students’operation and informational communication, etc. and stimulate the students’initiative and enthusiasm and cultivate their scientific exploring sense by setting up necessary physical situation and analyzing and concluding the phenomena, establishing concept and drawing rules as well. The theoretical basis of demonstrating experimental teaching should be to regard its course as interlocution between teachers and students and entitle them the right to participate the implement of curriculum from the aspect of reality theory; while from the aspect of epistemology, it should pay more attention to the nature of knowledge and update the knowledge; as for the methodology, approaches are always entailed in the course of cognition and advocate pluralistic value-oriented methods.
Therefore, this thesis points out the periodical features of implement of demonstrating experiment in different colleges and places by means of investigation to different colleges and personal experience which refers to the preliminary stage, advanced stage, optimized stage and the stage of developing tendency. Preliminary stage refers to carry out the demonstrating experiment in the course of college physics’classroom, which is the most straight ford and necessary for the implementing effect of college physics, and the foundation of college physics. As for the advanced stage, it means the stage in which the college physics extend the knowledge after school. It would cultivate the students’scientific sense and initiative ability and practical ability. The factors to affect the implement of advanced stage are very complex, but this stage can contribute to the formation of individual characteristics, so the advanced stage has been the focus of demonstrating experimental teaching for almost a century. Optimized stage means that the physical demonstrating experiment works as one part of cooperation via the internet to supply the materials for their self learning and make up for the deficiency of shortage of experimental devices and reduce the territorial difference. The stage of developing tendency refers to some teaching approaches that have not been adopted in our country which have been very popular overseas and deserve our consideration. According to the different stages of curriculum implement, this thesis also lists some related demonstrating experimental teaching design, including demonstrating the vortex electronic field by multimedia in and polarizing of light by practicality skin effect and magnetic refrigerator effect in advanced stage. And according to the detailed description to these experiments, the teachers can catch the flow and teaching strategies of demonstrating experiment. Simultaneously, this paper offers some new methods of implementing the experimental teaching in college curriculum, and composing of integrative teaching. According to the current situation of colleges in our country, it is possible to fix few special-used classrooms for it, which also builds on the improving of educational system’s understanding to the implement of college physics.
The implement of college physics demonstrating experimental teaching can be regarded as a procedure of adopting, improving, applying and recreating and is limited by the carriers’subjective factors which will lead to the total differences among colleges because of their different mastering of complexity and the degree of utilizing. All these factors require the carriers being equipped with sense of curriculum questions, curriculum reform and curriculum exploitation, and fundamental knowledge related to this curriculum as well. But it has been so long time that college physics carries out national course which results in the possibility of choosing the teaching contents for teachers, then when facing the demonstrating teaching all of sudden, a lot of teachers have not prepared physical theory and practical experience, and it is possible for them to be puzzled over, or feel incompetent for teaching. Professional extension is a whole-life procedure of learning, addressing the problems and improving the social responsibility, and every teacher is competent for the teaching in some stage. Under the circumstance that every physical educator devote himself to demonstrating teaching, the demonstrating experimental teaching can change the current situation of the implement of college physics and enhance the students’sense of advocating science.
The implement of curriculum is rather a special while complex practical activity. Whether the reform of curriculum succeeds or not builds on the procedure of implement of curriculum to a great extent which focuses on the improvement and reconstruction and contains the students’learning process and consequential advance. Therefore, the study of curriculum implement mainly concerns about how to teach.
At the end of 1990s, the students graduating from colleges are entitled to selection at will, so the engineering colleges put more emphasis on improving professional technique, which combines with some weak points of practicability in physical fundamental education, laggard teaching method and invisibility of supporting the professional technique will result in the ignorance to the college physical curriculum and being in the awkwardness of being afraid of physics and being away from physics. To sum up, the teaching method and contents of basic physics in curriculum implement cannot achieve assigned teaching aim. To address this problem, with reference to foreign colleges’teaching style, some of colleges in China have adopted demonstrating experimental teaching. Demonstrating experimental teaching does not totally belong to cognitive field, or optional field, either, and it also involves the agreement and realizing of emotional target. Physical demonstrating experimental teaching is a process in which it combines students’cognitive, emotional fields with performing ability field and in the course of experimental cognitive study and operational observation, students compromise the corporation of hand and head according to previous learning circumstance and current situation. The demonstrating experiment shows its superiority in addressing how to teach college physics, as a result, it attracts the educational attention. With the advance of demonstrating experimental teaching more deeply, all kinds of demonstrating teaching activities come into being based on students. However, so many factors can affect its carrying out, the course of demonstrating teaching is rather complex as well, which lead to the total difference between the practical consequences and its evaluation, even no practice in some colleges. This thesis studies the question of how to teach in the implement of demonstrating experiment in college physics according to the investigation to some colleges, and sets up the evaluating system.
Demonstrating experiment has the features of novelty, visualization and relating to real life, which can adopt teachers’demonstration, students’operation and informational communication, etc. and stimulate the students’initiative and enthusiasm and cultivate their scientific exploring sense by setting up necessary physical situation and analyzing and concluding the phenomena, establishing concept and drawing rules as well. The theoretical basis of demonstrating experimental teaching should be to regard its course as interlocution between teachers and students and entitle them the right to participate the implement of curriculum from the aspect of reality theory; while from the aspect of epistemology, it should pay more attention to the nature of knowledge and update the knowledge; as for the methodology, approaches are always entailed in the course of cognition and advocate pluralistic value-oriented methods.
Therefore, this thesis points out the periodical features of implement of demonstrating experiment in different colleges and places by means of investigation to different colleges and personal experience which refers to the preliminary stage, advanced stage, optimized stage and the stage of developing tendency. Preliminary stage refers to carry out the demonstrating experiment in the course of college physics’classroom, which is the most straight ford and necessary for the implementing effect of college physics, and the foundation of college physics. As for the advanced stage, it means the stage in which the college physics extend the knowledge after school. It would cultivate the students’scientific sense and initiative ability and practical ability. The factors to affect the implement of advanced stage are very complex, but this stage can contribute to the formation of individual characteristics, so the advanced stage has been the focus of demonstrating experimental teaching for almost a century. Optimized stage means that the physical demonstrating experiment works as one part of cooperation via the internet to supply the materials for their self learning and make up for the deficiency of shortage of experimental devices and reduce the territorial difference. The stage of developing tendency refers to some teaching approaches that have not been adopted in our country which have been very popular overseas and deserve our consideration. According to the different stages of curriculum implement, this thesis also lists some related demonstrating experimental teaching design, including demonstrating the vortex electronic field by multimedia in and polarizing of light by practicality skin effect and magnetic refrigerator effect in advanced stage. And according to the detailed description to these experiments, the teachers can catch the flow and teaching strategies of demonstrating experiment. Simultaneously, this paper offers some new methods of implementing the experimental teaching in college curriculum, and composing of integrative teaching. According to the current situation of colleges in our country, it is possible to fix few special-used classrooms for it, which also builds on the improving of educational system’s understanding to the implement of college physics.
The implement of college physics demonstrating experimental teaching can be regarded as a procedure of adopting, improving, applying and recreating and is limited by the carriers’subjective factors which will lead to the total differences among colleges because of their different mastering of complexity and the degree of utilizing. All these factors require the carriers being equipped with sense of curriculum questions, curriculum reform and curriculum exploitation, and fundamental knowledge related to this curriculum as well. But it has been so long time that college physics carries out national course which results in the possibility of choosing the teaching contents for teachers, then when facing the demonstrating teaching all of sudden, a lot of teachers have not prepared physical theory and practical experience, and it is possible for them to be puzzled over, or feel incompetent for teaching. Professional extension is a whole-life procedure of learning, addressing the problems and improving the social responsibility, and every teacher is competent for the teaching in some stage. Under the circumstance that every physical educator devote himself to demonstrating teaching, the demonstrating experimental teaching can change the current situation of the implement of college physics and enhance the students’sense of advocating science.
引文
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